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The Kenyon Book 



1898 



PREFACE. 



^pIITS book, like Topsy, has "growecl." A brief statement 
viz of facts, in a small pamphlet, was all that was originally 
contemplated. That statement, for one reason and another, grew 
into the first one Imndred and fifty-seven i)ages of this volnme. 
The Editor, on his personal responsibility, has appended all that 
follows, and mnch of it he has himself written. To those who 
have aided by their contril)utions, and by giving valuable informa- 
tion, he is under large and lasting obligation. With every expres- 
sion of opinion he does not, of course, agree. But he has thought 
it wise to bring together everything within his i-eacli that bears 
upon the solution of "the Gambler problem," and he has tried to 
make a book that would be valued by every friend of "Kenyon 
College." Had the information contained in this volume been 
readily accessible ten years ago, it would have been of essential 
service, and some difficulties and mistakes would have been 
avoided. 

It is now published with the threefold purpose: First, to 
provide a hand-book of infornnition concerning Gambler; second, 
to gratify old Kenyon students who love the place and its asso- 
ciations; third, to increase the conviction that the foundations at 
Gambler are worth building upon, that the educational work there 
ought to find large development; and, for this, money should he 
given, and united efforts should he made. 



PREFACE. 



For financial aid in the pnlolication of this volume, cordial 
thanks are due, and are hereby expressed, to the following friends 
of the Editor and of Kenyon College: Rev. Dr. David H. Greer, 
of ISTew York; Rev. Dr. Cyrus S. Bates, Mrs. D. P. Rhodes, 
M. A. Hanna, Esq., Benjamin Rose, Esq., and A. C. Armstrong, 
Esq., of Clevelai;lr?l; li. S. Walbridge, Esq., of Toledo; Hon. 
E. L. Hinman, of Columbus; Hon. Columbus Delano, LL. D., 
and Charles Cooper, Esq., of Mt. Vernon; T. R. Head, Esq.., of 
Gambier; and to the distinguished statesman (who has been a 
friend of Kenyon from his early youth), Hon. John Sherman, 
LL. D., of Mansfield. 

WILLIAM B. BODINE. 



Statement of Facts 



bearing upon llic 



Proposed Changes in the Constitution 

of the 

Theological Seminary 

of the 

Protestant Epi^^^^M^^^^" Church 

in the 

Diocese of Ohio, 

And of Other Facts Bearing Upon the Welfare of the Institution. 



PRia'ARIU) I!Y A COMMITTIU-; OV TIIIC BOARD OK TRUSTEES. 



COI^UMBUS, OHIO: 

NiTSCHKK Bros., Printers .\Nn Hinders. 

1890. 



I 



IIHU 



y^T a mri'tin,ii' of tlu' Boai'd of TnisltTs, lu'ld in ( "olunibns, 
"^ ^ Janiiiii'v 7, ISilO, tlu' uii(K'i-sii;iic(l wrw aiipointnl a ( "oiii- 
inittci' "'to prc'pai'i' and |)nl)lisli a I'nll statcnuMit of facts l)c'arini;- 
npon the proposed constitutional cliani;'cs, and any other facts that 
thi'V inav dccni important for the information of thi' ( 'on\ I'Utions 
of the Dioceses of ( )hio anil Sonthern ()hio."' 

Tlu' pamphlet litt'raturi' relatini^- to (iamhier is already lar<>-e, 
and till' Trusti'es ha\i' hesitatt'd ahont addin.i;- to it. I>ut the 
('hurch has madi' it the duty of the niend)ei's of the ( 'on\ I'Utions 
ol'the Dioceses in ( )hio to pass upon all constitutional chang'es 
alfectinn' tlu' Seminary, or Collei;e, at (;and)ii'r. and it is helieved 
that the information upon which an intidlii^ent judgment may be 
based should be accessil)le. 

The l)()oks and papers (juoted are chiefly — 

1. Bishop Chase's Keminiscences, in two volumes. 

2. Journals of the Diocesan ( 'ouventions. 

3. Bound \dlumes of pamphlets in the libraries at (nuubier. 
-f. Bound \()lumes of the Episcopal Recorder. 

5. Articles in the Kenyon Collegian, prepared in 1859-GO by 
Kev. Dr. McElroy, who was connected with Bishop Chase in the 
(Tambier work from 1S2S to ISoO, and was a Trustee of the Institu- 
tion from 1852 to 1870. 

COLUMBUS DELANO, 

CHARLES E. BURR, 
WILLIAM B. BODIXE, 

Committee. 



Statement 



dbc ^arlii IKmvs of i^isbop dbasc's Episcopate in 01]io, as 
2^olato^ to £^llcation 

Philander Oliase was consecrated Bishop of Oliio on the lltli of Febru- 
ary, A. D. 181!t. He was tlien in the forty-fourth year of his age. 

Dr. McElroy is authority for the statement that '' from the tirst conception 
ol' a removal to the trans-Allegheny region, the founding of a theological 
school was with liini a main leature in sucli a mission; but lie liad not yet 
(in 1817) seen enuugli of Uiiio to determine at what jjuint he should locate his 
seat of sacred learning. He thought favorably of Worthington, but deter- 
mined to postpone the Himl settlement of the question until he should have 
seen the towns and cities in the southwestern portion of the State. On his 
return from Cincinnati, having already visited Springtield and Dayton, Mr. 
Chase visited Chillicothe, Lancaster, and Circleville, and, after a prayerful 
consideration of the snlijcct. by the time he reached Columbus, had definitely 
settled with himself to purchase at Worthington, and in time found there a 
tlieological school and college." 

Under date of July 10, ISIT, Mr. (Jhase writes: '^ I received Iroui the 
Trustees of Worthington Academy the appointment of Principal, to oversee 
the destinies of that instilulidii." (Rem. Vol. 1, |). b'J.'i. ) 

At the lirst convention held alter his consecration, June 2, Isl'.l. he used 
tlie following language : 

" Befoi'e loosing our thoughts from the considcral ion of Worlliington, we 
can, without much digression, contemplate another object higiily interesting 
to every true friend of religion and learning: and that is, the estal)lisiiment of 
a College in this place, for the education of young men, in natural, moral, and 
religious science. To men who look upon learning to be the best handmaid to 
true piety, the news of the attainment of this great blessing, will occasion a 
sensation of grateful praise to a merciful Providence. A trusty person, com- 
missioned lo solicit donations in favor of this College, has lately proceeded to 
visit our jiious and more wealthy lirethren in the Kaslern States. That he 
may succeed in his errand, to a degree worthy of so importaiil an ol),j('cl. 1 do 
hope will l)c our ardent j)rayer."" 

During 1M>() :ind 1sl>1,1o (|uote again from Kev. Dr. McKlroy. he "still 
uiainlaiued an olliciaj c(iiin('ction with the scliool al \\'orl]iington, and 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



indulged ho])es that it miglit yet become a Diocesan College and Theological 
Seminary ; but his son, who had the principal charge of it, resigned his office 
to apply for missionary aid in the Eastern Dioceses, and, after his return, 
accepted the charge of the parish at Zanesville. This arrangement deprived 
the Bishop of almost all hope from the school under its existing organization." 

In 1822, Bishop Chase accepted the presidency of a college at Cincinnati, 
and removed to that city. His reason for acceptance is stated by him in 
his published letter to Bishop White. " The reason which induced me to- 
accept arose from a continued reduction of my already scaaty means of living. 
My parochial support, given in the fruits of the earth, was very small, not 
enough being paid me in. money to amount to one-half of my bills at the post 
office ; and all the collections for the support of the Episcopate being insuffi- 
cient to pay mj^ traveling expenses. To supply these deficiencies, I had from 
the beginning recourse to my little farm, which, with that view, I had pur- 
chased. But though with great truth I could say with the Apostle that for a 
considerable portion of tlie year, mine own hands ■ministered to my necessities, 
yet all was found insufficient, tliougli with great economy, to maintain my 
family." 

He remained in this educational work at Cincinnati only one year. The 
care of a college of " all denominations " was not satisfactory to liim. He 
wanted a school which he could himself control, from the proceeds of which 
his family could be supported, and whicli should also minister to the wants of 
the Church he loved. 

W\iat ^trst of all (Baoe Htse to Kcnijon (£olIege? 

Bishop Chase, himself, asks this question, and answers it (Rem. Vol. 1, 
p. 182-185) when he tells us that on the evening of tlie 3d of June, 1823, 
as his son, we^ary and exhausted, lay upon his couch, he said. to his father: 
" I am thankful that there are some in this world who sympathize with us in 
our sufferings," and then he went on to tell of an article in the British Critic 
which made favorable mention of Ohio and her Bishop. " And why not help 
us'^" the Bishop said. "How?" "In founding a Seminary of learning for 
educating ministers." In the twinkling of an eye, the Bishop had determined 
that foreign aid sliould be asked. He first appointed his son for this work. 

The Diocesan Missionary Society met in the College edifice at Worthing- 
ton, on the 5th of June, (see Diocesan Journal, 1823), and resolved — 

1. " That this 'Society appoint the Rev. Philander Chase, Jr., to cross the 
Atlantic, with proper credentials, for the purpose of soliciting aid, in Great 
Britain, for the support of the Protestant Episcojial Church in the Diocese of 
Ohio; and that he be allowed live huiulred dollars lor his expenses. 



KENYON COLLEGE 



2. " That the Right Rev. the Bishop be respecti'ully requested to luniisli 
the proper credentials, and also to furnish an address, setting forth our condi- 
tion, our wants, and our prayers, to the Right Rev. the Bishops, Clergy, and 
members of the Church of England." 

The condition of Mr. Chase's liealth prevented his undertaking the work. 
So the Bishop determined to go himself. 

Under date of July 29, 1823, he addressed a comnumication " to his 
brethren, the Bishops of the Church." In this letter, among other things, he 
said : (Rem. Vol. 1, p. 186). " I have resolved, after mature deliberation, and 
I hope after reasonable interpretations of the leading hand of Divine Provi- 
dence, to proceed immediately to Old England to solicit means for the estab- 
lishment of a school for the education of young men for the ministry. 

"The reasons which have impelled me to this measure are those of impe- 
rious necessity. It may be said generally of the whole community of the 
Western settlements that they are sinking fast in ignorance and its never fail- 
ing attendants vice and fanaticism. The members of our own Church, scat- 
tered like a discomfited army, are seeking for strange ibod in forbidden fields, 
or, in solitary groups by the wayside, are fainting, i'amishing, dying, for the 
lack of all things which can nourish them to eternal life. No missionaries 
make their appearance, nor are there even the most distant hopes of obtaining 
any from the East. The few clergy we have may keep us alive, under Provi- 
dence, a little longer; but when they die or move away, we have no means to 
supply their places. Tiie pious young men convertecl unto (Jod and willing to 
enter into the ministry under all its disadvantages, iuiving no hope of assist- 
ance, and no way pointed out to them whereby there is even a possibility of 
attaining the lowest degree of qualifications specified by our canons, sink 
down in despair — a despair from which we have no power to raise them." 

'•For one, I feel disposed, by the grace of God, to amend my ways. I 
will endeavor to institute a humble school, to receive and prepare such mate- 
rials as we have among us. These we will polish under our own eye to the 
best of our power; and with these we will build the temple, iiumble as it may 
be, to the glory of God." 

To this letter replies were received from Bishops Brownell, Bowen, and 
Ravenscroft approving Bishop Chase's purpose. Bishop White failed to ap- 
prove, and Bishop Hobart actively opposed him. This opposition called 
ibrth his 

Cctter to Btsl]op VO\\\\i 

This letter was dated New York, September 23, 1823. As printed with 
the appendix, it is a document of forty pages. The plan of the institution 
was sketched as follows : 



8 KENYON COLLEGE. 



" As to the plan itseli', mature retlection has lixed on the following, in our 
case, most eligible. A farm will be given us already improved and supplied 
with pure water, fuel, fruit, and some convenient buildings. From this farm 
will be produced the principal support of the young men in their board and 
comibrts. That this may be done with the least expense to them, they will 
covenant as they enter the school to attend to horticulture and to the ingather- 
ing of the harvest; this, however, never as an impediment to their studies, 
but to supply the place of that exercise necessary for their health. In the 
spring and fall of the year the accounts of the establishment will be settled, 
and the average expense assessed on each individual ; this, it is evident, can 
be but small. 

"To accustom our youth and future servants of a beneficent Redeemer 
to acts of substantial charity, and as a means of disseminating the principles 
of our holy religion under j^roper inspection throughout our barren regions, 
and especially among the poor and ignorant, a printing press and types will 
be solicited, and the young men, or some proper proportion of them, will, at 
convenient hours of IJie day, be employed in printing tracts and a periodical 
publication. I need not say how interestingly useful this will be to our coun- 
try ; for were I to attempt it, Ihe terms of our language would not permit. 
This literary part oi' our scheme will he under the j)eculiar oversight of the 
teachers. It is understood that the institution is to be under the immediate 
care of the Bishop for the time being, or his substitute, assisted by two or 
more professors of sacred learning, and a grammar school teacher. These are 
the outlines of our plan, to which, i1' God give us the means, we intend to 
adhere." 

Bishop dbasc in fnalan^ 

Bishop Chase reached Liverpool on the 3d of November, 1823. The 
most important" letter which he carried with him was one from Henry Clay to 
the Admiral, Lord Gambler. 

On the 5th of December he had an interview with Lord Gambiei', who 
then became his friend and supporter. Under date of December 11, Lord 
Gambier wrote : 

'• I must declare my full conviction that circumstanced as are the widely 
scattered people of your extensive Diocese, and the great want they are in of 
pastors and teachers, your plan for the education and training of young men, 
natives of Ohio, for the ministry in the Episcopal Church, must be generally 
approved, and your zealous, disinterested, and pious exertions in coming to 
this country for assistance toward the establishment of the proposed College 
will, 1 hoi)e, prove successful." (Rem. Vol. 1, p. 248.) 



KENYON COLLEGE. 9 



On December 15 he wrote again : 

"In full consideration of the sii)),iecl, 1 am of opinion Ihal a slalcmcnl of 
tlie circumstances of the peopli' of your Diocese and iheir spiriluai wants, 
with your views and wislies, and llie plan ol" llie ('olleL:,e, sliould he drawn up 
as correctly as may be i»raclical)le, and ciiculaled amoni; tl:e friends df 
religion." ( Kem. Vol. 1. p. 25(1). 

On tile .'Jlst of I)eceml)er tliere was ;i niceling in London of cleriiymeu 
dis])osed to favor Eishop Chase's cause. Resolutions were ado])(ed, of whicli 
liie following are the most important: (Rem. Vol. 1, p. 281). 

1. "That the spiritual wants of the Diocese of Ohio, in the Episcopal 
Church of the United States, tlie only diocese yet estal)lished in the Western 
territory, call for special provision and assistance. 

'I. "That appropriate' and ade([uate provision for (he support of tlie 
sj)ii-ilual wants of the said diocese reqinres the establishment of an institution 
on the spot in which natives of the country may be trained ihr the minislry at 
an expense witliin tlieii' reach, and in iiabits suited to tlie sphere of tlieir 
hdx.rs." 

It was also determined that a sul)scri])tiou sliould be opened in behalf of 
(he Diocese of Ohio, willi Henry Hoare, Esq., as Treasurer of the fund. This 
gentleman, with Lord Gamhier, Lord Kenyon, and the Rev. Dr. (iaskin, as 
trustees of the proposed fund, soon tliereafter put forth an "Appeal in 

BEHALF OF THE DlOUESE OF OUIO, IN IIIE WESTERN TERRITORY OF THE UnITEU 

States." This a|)peal is a closely printed document of tifteen pages. It 
begins thus : 

"The Episcopal Church of the I'nited States of Amei'ica derives its 
origin from this country. Ten dioceses iiave been formed; nine of which are 
in the Atlantic States east of the Allegheny Mountains. Portions of two oi' 
these dioceses, those of Philadelphia and Virginia, reach across those moun- 
tains as they are co-extensive with the respective States of Pennsylvania and 
\'irgiuia; l)ut tlie Diocese of Ohio is the only Diocese yet formed beyond the 
luouutains, in tlie Western territory of the States. 

"The pressing want of clergymen in this Diocese has led the Right Rev- 
erend Prelate, who has tiie care of its scattei'ed parishes, to visit tiiis country 
that he may procure that aid which is necessary to preserve his infant church 
from perishing, and which he Iiad no hope of procuring elsewhere. 

"The Hon. Henry ('lay. Speaker of the House of Rejiresentatives of the 
United States, himscdf an iuhabilant ol tlie State of Kentu(d\y, in the Western 
Territory, and |)erfect]y ac(|iiaiuled with the destitute condition of that terri- 
tory in respect of Ciiristiaii ministers and sacred ordinances, addressed a letter 
to the Right Hon. Lord Gambler, requesting his Lordship's assistance in ])ro 
nioting the oljject ol I'isjio]) Chase's visit to this country. 



10 KENYON COLLEGE. 



•' Lord (Tambier, having introduced the subject to some I'riends well 
acquainted with the constitution and proceedings of the American Episcopal 
Churcli, they entered into a full examination of the claims of the Diocese of 
Ohio on Christian benevolence, and the expediency of rendering the aid re- 
quested. The result has been their full conviction that the spiritual wants of 
that Diocese call for special provision and assistance; and that appropriate 
and adequate provision for tiie supply of such wants requires the establish- 
ment of an institution on the spot in which natives of the country may be 
prepared for the ministry at an expense within their reach, and in habits 
suited to the sphere oi' their labors ; and they are satisfied that this important 
object is not "likely to be accomplished without liberal aid from this country. 

"The chief grounds on which they liave come to this conclusion they will 
now state, in doing which they will avail themselves of the testimony of com- 
petent judges, and especially of the simple and impressive statements of 
Bishop Chase himself, which cannot be read without emotion." 

Then follows an extract from Bishop Chase's letter to Bishop White as to 
the early history of the Church in Ohio, and the proposed plan of his institu- 
tion, and the statement that " ten thousand dollars contributed in England 
would enable Bishop Cliase to make a commencement, ivhile his plan might 
he consolidated and enlarged as fiirther contributions should he received.,''^ 
arguing with '■'■ j>eouliar propriety and force,-'' that of those already brought 
under the Bishop's charge nearly one-third 'were emigrants and their families 
from England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. 

Btsl]op (lipase's Decb of Donation 

Under date of London, November 27, 1S23, (Rem. Vol. 2, p 151), Bishop 
Chase signed a document, which he aiterwards called a deed of gift or dona- 
tion, promising to give " his landed property at Worthington, and all the 
buildings and propertj^ thereunto pertaining, to the Society, or School, or The- 
ological Seminary, for the education of young men for the Christian ministry, 
to be organized by the Convention oi' the Protestant Episcopal Church in 
Ohio," according to his plan or outline stated in his printed letter to Bishop 
White, " as nearly as may be consistent with the funds obtained ; " also his 
library, '■''provided^ that the said School or Theological Seminary be legally 
incorporated by the Legislature of Ohio, and that the act of incorporation 
contain a clause of the following effect : 

"That all acts and proceedings of the said School or Theological Seminary 
shall forever be in conformity to the doctrine, discipline, constitution, canons, 
and course of study prescribed by the Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the United States of America; and on proper evidence of a default 



KEN YON COLLEGE. ' H 



tliereol', that the Kijilit Kevereiid the Bishops of the said Aincricaii Cliiircli, or 
a majority ot them, as a eomiiiittee of tlie incorporated institution of tlie 
General Theological Seminary of tiie said Ciiiirch in the city of New Yorlc, or 
elsewhere, shall have power to institute an inquiry at law, and to see that the 
will and intention of the founder and donors of tiie said School or Theological 
Seminary in Ohio be fulfilled. 

''Provided, also, that the sum often tliou>and dollars or upwards he given 
in England for the maintenance of said Schoul or Theological Seminary in 
( )hi() liy one or more benevolent persons. 

" It is understood that the moneys collected for tlie above purpose are to be 
deposited l)y permission in the hands of the Right Honoral)le Lord (iambier, 
and not to be transmitted to America until the said School or Theological 
Seminary shall have been, according to the said plan, duly and legally in- 
corporated, and a title of the said landed and other property and library in 
good I'aith be given and executed to the said School or Seminary ; of all whicii 
the Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, shall be the judge. 

•'It is further understood that the Bishop of Ohio, with his family, is to 
reside on this plantation, and occupy the Mansion house, as usual, during his 
life-time, as a part of his salary lor supei'intending the School or Seminary, as 
also is his successor in office ; and should the present Bisiiop of Ohio depart 
this life, leaving his wife a widow, or before his children come to tiie age of 
twenty-one years, a reasonable allowance shall be made for their maintenance 
from the funds of the institution ; of tiiis, also, the Honorable Henry Clay, 
above named, shall be the judge; and in case of his failure to do so, by deatii 
or otherwise, the judgment of the Governor of the State of Ohio, for the time 
being, in all the above particulars, shall be taken." 

This document was not published until more than twelve years after it was 
signed, and the landed property referred to was never conveyed " to the 
Society, or Sciiool, or Theological Seminary," owing to the choice by the 
Diocesan convention of tiie location in Knox County. But the first provision 
of the document was made pul)lic in England in more ways than one, and the 
plan of the institution, as outlined in the letter to Bisiiop Wliite (see page 6), 
was made public tiirough the ''appeal in beiialf of the Uiocese of Oliio in the 
Western tei'ritory of the United States." 

Bisl]op f)obart an^ IMsbop <Ibase 

The editor of the London Cfin'sfict/i Observer, at whose table the ''articles 
of peace " between Bishop Hobart and Bisiiop Chase were signed, afterwards 
wrote: "While we must say that our revered friend from Ohio had in every 

respect the right side of tiie argument, liis right reverend brother, we believe, 



12 KENYON COLLEGE. 



was perlectly honest in liis alarm lest the institution of Diocesan Colleges, 
without an adequate power of control l)y the Oliureh at large, would lead to 
sectional prejudice and the ultimate dismemberment of the Ecclesiastical 
Union." 

Among other things in his letter dated London. January 30, 1824, Bishop 
Hobarl wrote : "The plan of the School appears rather a novel and superficial 
one. The General Theological Seminary takes young men designed for Orders 
after they have graduated, or have passed through a course of study equiv- 
alent to a collegiate course, and then confines them to studies strictly theolog- 
ical for three years. In the proposed Ohio school, alter a mere English 
education, only i'our years are to be devoted to classical, general, and the- 
ological studies, and this in union \\'itli cultivating a I'arni ! " (See letter to a 
friend, etc.) 

In a suljsequent statement, put forth by Messrs. Kenyon, trambier. Gas- 
kin, and Hoare, under date of May 22, 182-1, tiiese words occur: " The Bishop 
from his local knowledge is persuaded that a plentiful supply of young men, 
qualified for the exigencies of this new country, of a pious character, may be 
found in the Diocese, and projioses to teacii them 1/iat degree of theologu and 
science ivhich the Caiwiis require. 

Note — At the time these words were writtea (A. D. 1834), the Canons of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church in the United States required of a candidate for Holy Orders, first, that he 
shouki lay before the Standing Committee a satisfactory diploma or certificate from the 
instructors of some approved literary institution, or a certificate from two presbyters ap- 
pointed by the ecclesiastical authority of the Uiocese to examine him, of liis possessing such 
academical learning as may enable him to enter advantageously on a course of theology; 
second, in addition to subjects distinctly theological, that he should pass an examination "on 
some approved treatises on Natural Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, and Rhetoric, and the 
Greek Testament," and that he should "be required to give an account of his faith in the 
Latin tongue." 

Bishop Chase's mission to England bronglit large success, resulting in the 
gift of about thijty thousand dollars. 

ilbc Ptoccsati iJlonrontion of 1824 

Bishop Chase returned to Ohio in the lall of this year. The Diocesan 
Convention met in November at Chillicothe. The Bishop in his address told 
the story of his mission to old ISngland, undertaken witli simple dependence 
on God, and most signally crowned with success. 

The resolutions on the subject, adopted by the Convention, were — 
1. " That this Convention approve of the resolution of the Bishop to visit 
England, to solicit pecuniary aid towards establishing a Seminary for the edu- 
cation of ^Ministers in the Church. 



ICENYON COLLEGE. 13 



L'. "'I'liat (liis Oouventioii approve of the comliict t)f tbo Bishop, both in 
I his couiilrv and in Knjiland, in reiianl to Ihe objections nrned against his 
mission. 

."!. •• Tlial 1 his ( 'onvenl ion niosl cordially unite wilii tile liisliop in I he sen- 
timents of iiratilude and respect wiiich lie has expressed for iiis reception and 
(reatnu'Ht in Kiiiiland. and for tlie lilieral donations that iiave Ijeen made 
towards the foundation ol' a 'l'iieoloi;icaI Seminary in our Diocese.'' 

Tile Committee "in relation to the Seminary," consisting of Col. Jolin 
Johnston. Charles Hammond, and W. K. Bond, reported as follows: 

" The committee to whom was referred so much of the Bishop's address as 
I'elales to the Theological Seminary, i-ejjort : That they have examined the 
deed ol' ilonation of his estate executed by the Bishop on the 27th of Novem- 
l)er, 18"2o, in England, and the outline of the plan of the Seminary, stated in 
the printed letter from Bishop Chase to Bishop White, referred to in the deed. 
From these it ajipears. that before the funds subscribed in England can be 
received, a constituticm miisl be formed, and an acl of incorporation obtained 
upon principles specified in the deed. 

"The committee herewith report a Constitution, in conformity, as they 
conceive, with the provisions oi' the deed, and they recommend that a com- 
mittee, to consist of two members of the Church, be appointed to procure the 
passage of an act of incorporation. 

"The deed requires tiiat the Seminary be established upon Ihe estate con- 
veyed by the Bishop, unless an estate of equal value be given at some other 
place, which the Convention may deem more eligible ; and whether the estate 
l>e of equal value, is to be decided by the Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky. 
According to the i)lan which forms the basis and foundation of all the dona- 
tions made, the Bishop of the diocese is to reside at the Seminary and to have 
the charge and direction of it. as one of its principal Professors and President; 
and as such is to receive a proper comi>ensation out of the funds contributed. 
The committee conceive that the essential interests of the Seminary, as well as 
Ihe oldigalions of good faith, require that this part of the plan be strictly 
adhered to. so that the seat of the Seminary is closely connected with the 
proper point for the Bishop's residence; and this connection ought to be recol- 
lected in all our delilierations upon the subject. 

" According to the Bishop's deed, upon which all donations are predicated, 
the real estate proposed to be given, and the appendages to it, will revert to 
the present Bishoj), the proprietor, in the event of establishing the Seminary 
al any other place; but notwithstanding such reversion, it will become the 
duly of the Bisho]) to reside personally at the Seminary. These facts, as 
resulting from an examinalicni of the deed, are stated for the information of 
the Convention. The committee have considered thai the fixins:' of the 



14 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Seminary is a matter with which they have nothing further to do, than to 
state the principles upon which it must be eflfected." 

A committee was appointed to receive propositions lor iixing the seat of 
the Seminary; and the Constitution was adopted as follows: 

" GONSTITUTION. 

"x\rticle I. The Convention of tlie Protestant Episcopal Church for the 
Diocese of Ohio, do hereby establish a Seminary for the education of Ministers 
of the Gospel in said Church ; such Seminary to be founded upon donations 
made, and to be made, in the united Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, 
and America, for that purpose, and to be known by the name of ' The Theo- 
logical Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Chdrch in the Diocese 
OF Ohio.' 

"Art. II. The said Seminary shall be established bj^ the Convention of 
the Diocese, at such place within the same as shall be consistent with the 
deed of donation, executed by the Bishop of Ohio, in England, on the 27th 
day of November, 1823 ; and when once established, shall for ever after remain 
in the same place. 

"Art. III. The direction and management of said Seminary shall be 
vested in a Board of Trustees, which shall consist of the Bishop of the Diocese 
for the time being, and of four Clerical and four Lay Trustees, to be chosen by 
the Convention of the Diocese, and to remain in ofBce for the term of three 
years, and until their successors are chosen. This article, so far as it respects 
the number of Clerical and Lay Trustees, may from time to time be amended 
by a concurring resolution of the Convention, and of the Board of Trustees of 
the Seminary, so as to increase the number of Clerical and Lay Trustees, until 
the number of each may be twelve; which number shall thereafter constitute 
the permanent Board of Clerical and Lay Trustees. 

"Art. IV. A majority of the whole number of Trustees shall be 
necessary to constitute a quorum to do business. The Bishop, if present, shall 
preside. In his absence, a President pro tern, shall be appointed by ballot, 
whose office shall expire with the final adjournment of the meeting of the 
Board at which the appointment was made. If any vacanc}'' shall happen in 
the Board of Trustees, such vacancy shall be filled by the Convention that 
may meet next thereafter. 

"Art. v. The Seminary shall be under the immediate charge and super- 
intendence of the Bishop of the Diocese for the time being, as principal Pro- 
fessor and President; and the salary to be received for his service, shall be 
fixed by the Board of Trustees, at their annual meeting preceding the com- 
mencement of such salary. 



KEN YON ('OLLE(iE. 15 



"Art. XI. The Board of Trust ec>s sliall have power to const ilute proles- 
sorsliips, and to api)oint and remove tlie professors, and to prescrihc the course 
of study, and to make all rules, regulations, and statutes which may be neces- 
sary for the government of the Seminary, and to secure its prosperity: pro- 
vided, that all such rules, regulations, statutes, or other proceedings, shall for 
ever be in conformity ' to the doctrine, discipline, constitution, and canons ol 
the Protestant Episcopal Churcii in the United States of America, and to the 
course of study prescribed, or to be prescril)ed, by the Bishops of the said 
Clnnrli/ 

"Art. VII. If at any time the General Convention of the Protest^ant 
Kl)iscopal Church in the United States of America shall, by resolution, entered 
in their Journals, declare any rule, regulation, statute, or other proceeding of 
the Board of Trustees hereby constituted, to be contrary to the doctrine, dis- 
cipline, constitution, and canons of the Church, or to the course of study 
prescribed by the Bishops, such rule, regulation, statute, or other proceeding, 
shall thenceforth cease to have ell'ect, and shall be considered as abrogated 
and annulled. 

"Art. VIII. The Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the 
United vStates of America, shall individually, and any two or more of them, 
be visitants of the Seminary, to take care that the course of discipline and 
instruction be conformable to the preceding provisions. And it shall be law- 
ful for any one of the Bishops aforesaid, at any time, to institute in his own 
name and character of Bishop, any proper legal process to enforce and secure 
the administration of the Seminary according to the foundation herein 
prescrilied. 

"Art. IX. The Board of Trustees .shall meet at the Seminary annually, 
on the Friday succeeding the meeting of the Convention. The Bishop, upon 
the application of one member of the Standing Committee of the Diocese, 
and two Clerical and two Lay Trustees, made in writing, shall at any time call 
a special meeting of the Board, to be held at the Seminary, at a time to be 
appointed by the Bishop, notice of which shall be given to all the Trustees. 

"Art. X. This Constitution may be amended by the concurrent vote of 
the Bishop, a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Seminary, and a 
majority of the Convention of the Diocese. But if at any time an amend- 
ment shall be proposed and voted unanimously by the Board of Trustees of 
the Seminary, and by the Convention, then such amendment shall prevail 
without the assent of the Bishop." 

As to the location of the Seminary, the Bishop tells us that there was 
already "great diversity of opinion." (Rem. Vol. 1, p. 427). 



16 KENYON COLLEGE. 



The following preamble and resolutions, moved by Charles Hammond, 
were adopted : 

"Whereas, Deciding upon the seat of the Theological Seminary of the 
Diocese is of great importance to the prosperity of the Church, and whereas 
time is not now permitted to decide upon the same ; therefore, be it 

'''' Resolved^ That a committee of two members of the Church be appointed 
to receive propositions for fixing the seat of the Seminary, and report the 
sarhe the first day of the next convention, so that a final place may be 
decided on. 

" Resolved^ further. That i( shall Ije the duty of said committee, from 
time to time, to communicate to each and every party, who may make a 
proposition, for the seat of the Seminarj^, the nature and amount of each 
proposition made at other places. And if an_y additional donations are pro- 
posed by any party, such additional propositions shall be communicated to all 
others who may have made propositions." 

cTct of 3ncorporation 

A committee was also appointed to draw up an act of incorporation, and 
secure its adoption by the Ohio Legislature. Of this committee, Charles 
Hammond was Chairman. He was also the author of the Constitution. 

To quote again from the Rev. Dr. McElroy, (see Kenyon Collegian, Jan- 
uary, 1859): "The Bishop from the first embraced in his project a large 
college, with its grammar school, as well as a theological seminary, the former 
as an indispensable preparatory department to the latter, and all the English 
friends and benefactoi's were , actuated by the same view. But some of the 
laymen of Ohio, who had from the first warmly and ably supported him in all 
his j)rojects to provide for the education in Ohio of young men for the min- 
istry (among these Charles Hammond) were decidedly opposed to the college 
conception and in favor only of a Theological Seminary. The Bishop from 
the first was in favor of placing the proposed institution in the woods, in the 
center of a large domain, at a distance from a city or town; very many of the 
laymen were opposed- clecidedly to such a location, and in favor of placing 
the institution in the immediate vicinity of a city or town. Mr. Hammond, 
the Chairman of the committee appointed to secure an act of incorporation, 
drew up the act himself, and had the institution incorporated exclusively as a 
Theological Seminary. The Bishop, for the sake of peace, and to iiisui'e the 
act of incorporation, made no special objection to this, intending to apply to a 
subsequent legislature for an amendment to incorporate a College in connec- 
tion with the Seminarv.'' 




wm'mmwi'.^mm'- 



BISHOP MclLVAINE. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



17 



Tlie Act of Incoi-poratiuii is as lollows : 

"WiiEsitEAs, John MoCorkle and Uhai-les Hammond, a committee appointed on behalf of the 
Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Chnrch in the Diocese of Ohio, have, by their 
Petition to the General Assembly, represented that a Seminary for Theological Educa- 
tion has been established by said Convention within this State, and in order to the more 
convenient management of the concerns of said Seminary, and to the pernninency of 
its establishment in this State, have prayed that the Seminary may be incorporated: 
therefore, 

"Section 1. Be U enacted hi/ the General A.s.wnihlij of the State of Ohio. 
'J'liiil the Right Reverend Phihuider Ohase, now Bishoj) <ir tlic I'roteslant 
Ki)iscopal Chuirli in the Diocese of Oiiio, Ro-er Searle, Iiitreijid Morse, Ezra 
I!. Kellogg, Samuel Johnston, Bezaieel Wells, William K. Hond, John Johns- 
Ion, and Charles Hammond, the present Trnslees of the said Seminary, and 
Iheir snccessors appointed in conformity with the provisions of the Constitn- 
lion of saiil Seminary, as now eslahlisluMl. he and I hey are herehy constituted 
a body corporate and [xilitic, in I'arl and in name, hy the name of llie "Theo- 
logical Seminary of the Protestant Episcojjal Church in tlie Diocese of Ohio;'' 
and liy that name shall have succession, and he capaiile in law of suing and 
heing sued, defending and being defended, in all courts and places and in 
all manner of actions, causes, and complaints whatsoever; and may have a 
common seal, and change the same at their discretion; and by that name and 
style shall be capable in law and equity of taking and holding by devise and 
otherwise, or of purchasing, holding, and enjoying to them and their succes- 
sors, any real estate in fee simple or otherwise, any goods, chattels, and per- 
sonal estate, ami of selling, leasing, mortgaging, or otherwise disposing of 
said real and personal estate, or any ])art thereof, as they may think proper; 
provided, that the clear annual income of such real and personal estate, exclu- 
sive of any lands or tenements that may be occupied by the said Seminary 
lor its accommodalion, or that of its officers or professors, shall not exceed 
the sum of twenty thousand dollars. 

"Skc. :.'. That the present Trustees of said Seminary and their successors 
IRce, under the Constitution thereof, as now established, or as the same 
be hereafter altered or amended, shall have the care and management of 
said Seminary, and of its estate and projierty, and shall have power from time 
lo time to sell or otherwise dispose of its estate and property, and to apply 
the avails there(rf, and all other funds of said Seminary, for its benefit and ad- 
vantage, as they shall deem il expedient, and shall also have power, in con- 
formity with the provisions of the (Constitution of said Seminary, to make 
By-Laws and (^i-dinances for the appointment of professors and other officers 
of said Seminary, for regulating the duties and conduct of the professors, 
officers, and students therein, for coiiductiug its business and concerns, and 



m o 
mav 



IS KENYON COLLEGE. 



generally for the good government of the same: Provided, the same be not 
inconsistent with the Constitution and Laws of the United States, or of this 
State. 

■' Sec. 3. That this act be and is hereby declared a public act, and that 
the same be construed in all courts and other places, benignly and favorably 
for every beneficial purpose therein intended. 

" Sec. 4. That the General Assembly may at any time hereafter modify 
or repeal this act; but no such modification or repeal shall divert the real and 
personal estate of the Seminary to any other purpose than the education 
of Ministers of the Gospel in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United 
States of America. ajyj rp WILLIAMS, 

" Speaker of the House of Bepresentatives. 
"ALLEN TRBIBLE, 

"December 29, 1824. "Speaker of the Senate:' 

The Institution, which was named by Mr. Hammond " The Theological 
Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio," was at 
once started on the Bishop's farm at Worthington. Under date of December 
23, 1824, Bishop Chase wrote (Rem. 1, p. 429): " One teacher is already with 
me, and a few, say from eight to ten, scholars will constitute our incipient 
school. Another teacher will be witli me in June, and we humbly hope to 
succeed." 

Under date of February 14, 1825, he wrote to the teacher who was com- 
ing to work with him (Wm. Sparrow) : " Your father asked ??ie, as Mr. 
Wells has asked me, if I intend to -make a kind of College of our Seminary. 
My answer uniformily is — Yes! the very best of colleges. It shall conibine 
all the benefits of a college and, a theological seminary together; in short., it 
shall be something like an English college^ the theological students answering 
to their fellows.'''' (Mss. letter in possession of Rev. Dudley Chase.) 

(El^arles fjammonb's (Dptniott 

Under date of April 14, 1825, Mr. Hammond wrote to Bishop Chase. (See 
volume pamphlets in Bexley Hall Library, Aydelotte's reply.) "I have seen 
a letter from you to Mr. Johnston, from which it is very evident that you con- 
template establishing the Seminary upon Alum Creek. To this there are in my 
mind many decided objections which must be removed before I can give mj^ 
assent to that location. 

" Before we decide where the Seminary should Ije established, we ought 
to determine the plan on which it is to be organized and conducted, for upon 
this the propriety of a particular location must mainly depend. My opinion 
is that the Seminary should be distinctly theological ; tliat no person should 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



19 



be received into it wlio might not reasonably Ije expected to take orders in our 
church. With this principle in view, I conceive its organization should not, 
at the commencement, contemplate providing for a greater numl)er than from 
twenty to thirty students; that one suitable clergyman should be employed 
as a principal in the institution; that under iiim tiie Students of Divinity 
should officiate as teaciiers of languages, and what else is connected with the 
first or second, or lower branches of education; and the higher branches 
should be taught by the Principal; and the Students of Divinity should be 
subject to the instruction of the President, who should superintend the whole. 
"The first feature of this plan is that the Seminary should lie strictly 
theological. As I view the sub,ject, this is indispensable. The funds have 
been contributed for this special purpose. * * * With this view of 
what the Seminary ought to be, my judgment dissents from the propriety of 
estalilishing it in the woods with a view to acquire a large real estate and lay 
out a town. * * * 

"If we design chielly to establish a kind of literary penitentiary in which 
])roHigates are to be reclaimed, it would be a wise measure to select a location 
at a distance from society, but for religious youths such precaution cannot ])e 
necessary." 

(Lbe Pioccsan donoontion of 1825 

In June, lS2o, the Diocesan Convention met at Zanesville. The location 
of the Seminary was the chief question discussed. "It is understood," the 
Bishop said, " that our Seminary is to go into operation in the house and on 
the place of my present residence near Worthington, immediately after the 
rising of the present Convention. Here the Seminary hi all its hraiiches, 
from the grammar school through all the courses of collegiate instruction to 
thoxv of theology^ as required by our cano7is, might proceed.^' 

But the Bishop looked beyond this to a permanent location, and that loca- 
tifin, he insisted, should be in the country. " If I were to judge in this matter 
from my present feelings," he said, " and if it were proper to express them 
here. I should be compelled to declare my great dislike to the confining of our 
views within the contracted sphere marked out by some for a city Seminary, 
a/id that ttoth my judgment and my feelings accord irith the expressed opinion 
if he/Iff irtors in England I myself am witness, and here do testify.'''' 

"Through a lifetime of half a century," the Bishop urged, " and far the 
greater part of this spent in being taught or in teaching others, there has been 
no one subject on which my mind has dwelt with deeper or more melancholy 
regret than this: That there was not in our seminaries of learning some way 
invented l)y which our ynuth. when removed from the guardian eve of their 



20 KENYON COLLEGK. 



parents, might contend with vic3 on more equal terms — might be taught, at 
least, the use of weapons of self-defense before they are brought, as in our city 
colleges, to contend unarmed with the worst enemies of their happiness — 
those who find it their interest or malicious pleasure to seduce them from 
their studies into vice and dissipation. And here this much desired means of 
preventing evils which no collegiate laws can cure is now before you. Put 
your Seviinary on yoior own domain; he oimiers of the soil on lohich you dwells 
and let the tenure of every lease and deed, depend on the expressed condition 
that nothing detrimental to the morals and studies of youth he allowed on the 
premises.^'' 

Tlie question of the location of the Seminary was not settled by this Con- 
vention of 1825. It was postponed for further light on the subject, and for 
more advantageous offers. 

QII^c ^^trst 2TTeettng of tlie 23oar^ of Onistees 

At tlie close of the Convention tlie Board of Trustees met. 
The following preamble and resolution were unanimously adopted : 

" Whereas, The Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, within 
the Diocese of Ohio, at their late session (in June, 182.5,), did authorize and 
direct that the Trustees of the Theological Seminary should take immediate 
measures for ojjening said Seminar}^ on the premises of the Bishop, near 
AVorthington, and for continuing the same there until a permanent location 
be made ; therefore, 

^^.Resolved, By the Board of Trustees aforesaid, that the Bishop is hereby 
authorized and empowered, to cause to be commenced the different courses of 
insl ruction wjiicli may be necessary, in the same; to employ teachers, a stew- 
ard, and all other persons proper and necessary to carry the views of the 
Board into effect ; to fix and regulate their compensation, the price of tuition, 
boarding, washing, and lodging; and to exercise all the controlling power over 
the said Seminary which is generally customary in incorporated Seminaries. 
The Board reserving to themselves, at all times, the power, in conjunction 
witli tlie Bishop, of repealing, altering, or amending, any such rules or regula- 
tions as aforesaid." 

At this meeting Wm. Sparrow was elected Professor of Languages, and 
Gideon McMillan a teacher in the Grammar School. 

Soon afterwards the following appeared in the public prints (see Wash- 
iiigton Theological Repertory^ July, 1825; also London Christian Observer^ 
September, 1825) : 



KENYON COLLECiE 



" i£pi5copaI (Llicoloaical Somtnary of (Dlfxo 

"'J'lie pri'j)ar;il(irv ilcjiarl iiu'iils of (liis iiisfiliiliou are I'or tlie present 
opened at the residence of tlie I'resident, Bisliop 1'. Chase, near Worthington. 
Two instructors of well-known ability have been engaged to assist the Presi- 
dent, and the course of study is the same as in the most approved academies 
and colleges. The students will i-eside under the same roof with the President 
and instructors, and be continually su!>.ject to their inspection. The terms 
will be as follows: Tuition in the collegiate studies, per annum, .1>'20; acade- 
nucal studies, $10. Board, per week. $1; incidental expenses, 25 cents. (!'an- 
didates for orders will receive instruction gratis." 

The London periodical prefaces this statement with the remark : " It will 
be gratifying to tliose of our readers who have interested themselves in the 
proposed Episcopal College in Ohio to learn that its incipient operations are 
already in jji-ogress." 

Some of the students gathered in this theological seminary, or college, 
were students for the ministry; iiut most of them were not. Belonging to the 
latter class were several ]\Ioliawk Indians, whose expenses were paid by the 
United States tioxernment. 

ilbo ^Enoilisb ^ull^s 

In August, 1825, Bishop Hobart left with Lord Kenyon "a written i)i'opo- 
sition to l)e laid before the English Trustees of the Ohio Fund for their 
atlojition, the sidistance of which was that the said Trustees shcndd make ro/i- 
diiious on which the moneys collected for Ohio were to he transmitted.^^ 

The record of the meeting of the Trustees containing the precise proposi- 
tion of Bishop Hobart and their resolution thereon is as follows (Rem. I, 475): 

"At a meeting of the Trustees of the fund raised in England tor the 
establishment of a Theological Seminary in the Diocese of Ohio, held in Lon- 
don on the 12th of September, 1825, present Lord Gambier, Rev. Dr. Gaskin, 
and Mr. Henry Hoare, attended by Mr. Timothy Wiggin and the Rev. Josiah 
Pratt, a stiggestion was olFered through the remaining Trustee, Lord Kenyon 
(accompanied with expressions of his entire conlidence in Bishop Chase and 
his coadjutors), to the following purport: 

'"The Constitution of the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episco- 
pal Church in the State of Ohio enacts certain provisions which are under- 
stood to l)e the l»asis on whiidi funds were collected for that Seminary in 
England. 

"'The last article of the Constitution enacts that the said (Constitution 
may he altered by the Bisho]), the Trustees, and (he ConventioM. or by the 



22 KENYON COLLEGE. 



unanimous vote of the two latter without the Bishop. /;: follows that tlie 
articles containing the provisions above referred to may he thus altered. This 
contingency, not likely indeed soon to happen, but which may happen, can be 
guarded against on the present organization of the Seminary only by tlie 
Trustees of the fund in England executing a deed of gift of the funds in 
which these provisions are stipulated, as the conditions on which the funds 
are to be held; and in case of the violation of these conditions, empowering a 
corporate body, as, for example, the Bishops of other Dioceses, as a Committee 
of the General Theological Seminary, to institute legal measures for the 
obtaining of these funds, to be appropriated for sucli purposes of the Churcli 
as they may direct.' 

"The subject having been taken into consideration, it was unanimously 

^'■Resolved, That it appears that the Trustees have no power to annex any 
conditions to the payment of the money raised in this country when it shall 
be drawn for by the proper authorities in Ohio, being satisfied, as they are, 
tliat the Constitution of the Seminary established by the Convention of Ohio 
is conformable to the views and wishes of the henefactors to the Seminarj'. 

" It appears, however, desirable to recommend to the Convention of the 
Diocese of Ohio to add the following words, or words to the same effect, to the 
tenth article of the Constitution of the Seminary : 

" ''Provided^ that no amendment or alteration whatever be made in this 
Constitution without a concurrence of the majority of the Bishops of the 
Pi'otestant Episcopal Church in the United States.' 

"Examined and approved by us — 

"KENYON, GEO. GASKIN, 
"GAMBIER, HENRY HOARE." 

"The importance of the above instrument," says Bishop Chase, "avUI 
appear by noting tlie following particulars (Rem., Vol. 1, p. 476): 

" 1st. It gave occasion to alter the tenth article of the Constitution of the 
Seminary — an article d.rawn up hy Charles Hammond, hut never thought of 
without regret hy the loriter. This alteration was effected according to the 
above expressed recommendation of the English Trustees. 

"2d. This application to Lord Kenyon, and thi-ough him to the English 
Trustees, to trammel the transmission of English benefaction to Ohio, how- 
ever gratuitous and sinister in itself, did nevertheless procure a declaration of 
the binding nature of common law, recognizing the grand principle of all elee- 
mosynary institutions, viz., that the will of the donor is paramount. We have 
no power, say tliej^, to annex conditions. The will of the donors who placed 
the money in our hands is all the condition which, as honorable men, Ave can 
acknowledge, and what governs us as agents shall govern all others." 



KEN YON COLLEGE 28 



On tlie lOtli of January, 1S2G, the Eniilish Trustees met again (see corre- 
spondence (!hase and Mcllvaine). 

"A letter being read from Bishop Oliase to Lord Kenyon, dated Worth- 
iuglon, November 1, 1825, stating, in reference to a suggestion of Bisliop 
Jloliart, wliicii had been sent to him by Lord Kenyon, recommending the 
adoption by the convention of Ohio, that the Constitution of tlie Tlieological 
Seminary sliould be unalterable; and also containing a suggestion of Bishop 
Chase tliat the Trustees of the funds in England should, in said deed of gift 
(if (he sai<l lunds, annex a condition of the establishment of a College in con- 
ned inn \\ i(li I he Theological Seminary, it was resolved that it appeared to the 
TnistcH's that Bishop Chase nol having llie resolution of the meeting of the 
Trustees in September last, it is not necessary to pass any other resolution on 
llie subject of security, as they consider that the said resolution will be per- 
lectly satisfactory to the authorities in Ohio. 

^'Besolved, That it be recommended to the Convention of Ohio to incorpo- 
v;\\v in the Constitution of tlie Theological Seminary a provision that the 
funds of tile Seminary raised in England shall be appropriated exclusively to 
Ihc education and theological instruction of students for the ministry, and 
tlial further provision be made so far as practicable for the admission of otiier 
students at their own expense to the Iienetit of a College education." 

Bishop (Ibaso an^ the ^Eiujlisl] Criistces 

Bishop Chase was in ronslaiit correspondence with Lords Kenyon and 
(iambier, and the more prominent of the English donors. He sent them the 
journals of the Diocesan Conventions, containing his addresses, and kept them 
fully acquainted with his plans and progress. They had faith in him and ap- 
jiroved his actions. Moreover, the English periodicals published full accounts 
of his words and his labors. In the Christian Observer for October, 1825, we 
11 ud the Bishop's Convention address lor that year copied almost in full. All 
that is said about the choice of a location in the country far from temptations 
to vice is printed. So with subsequent Convention addresses — they were 
(luoted at length. In fact. Bishop Chase was regarded in England as a mis- 
sionary hero, and all that concerned his work readily found its way into print. 
His visit to the Mohawk Indians was chronicled, and everything relating to 
Kknyon College found space by reason of the large number of Englishmen 
who were so greatly interested therein. 

power to Confer Collcciiate iJearees — (The Hattie, Kenyon doUege 

'file following supplementary act passed the Ohio Legislature January 24, 
I82t>. 'i'his was -'written and prepared liy" Bishop Chase and passed through 



24 KENYON COLLEGE. 



his instrumentality, and, of course, witliout consultation with Mr. Hammond. 
Indeed, Mr. Hammond and Bishop Chase had ceased to be friends. 

"Z?e if enacted by the General AsseinbUj of the State of Ohio, That the 
President and Professors of the said Seminary shall be considered as the Fac- 
ulty of a college, and as such have the power of conferring degrees in the 
arts and sciences, and of jjerforming all such other acts as pertain unto the 
Faculties of Colleges for the encouragement and reward of learning; and the 
name and style by which the said degrees shall be conferred, and the certifi- 
cates of learning given, shall be that of the President and Professors of Ken- 
yon College in the State of Ohio." 

Concerning this action. Bishop Chase said: (See Conv. Address, 1S26.) 
" Having obtained the means to complete the education of young men for the 
reception of degrees in the arts and sciences, it seemed no more than reason- 
able and just that the President and Professors, by whom they were educated, 
should have the power of conferring these degrees. Accordingly, I thought 
it my duty to petition the civil government tor such a privilege; and I am 
most happy to state to this Convention that the prayer was granted with 
unusual unanimity and cheerfulness. The name and style under which they 
are empowered to confer degrees is that of "The President and Professors 
of Kenyon College in the State of Ohio,"^ — thus expressing our respect, and 
perpetuating our gratitude to one of our principal benefactors in England, 
and through him to all in that country who have done us good, or taken an 
interest in our welfare." 

Bishop (Ibase's <£nlarginc3 plans 

To quote again from the Rev. Dr. McElroy, "The more he revolved in his 
mind this college feature, the greater it grew in importance in his estimation, 
and he determined to proceed to Washington to see what could be done to 
interest Congress in his plans, and to obtain, if possible, a grant of lands 
from the National Legislature in aid of the College." 

He made no headway at this time in Washington, but he saw Wm. Hogg 
at Brownsville, Pa. Mr. Hogg was the owner of a tract of 8,000 acres of land 
in Knox County, which he had offered to sell for $ 24,000. Bishop Chase was 
eager to obtain liiis land as the best site in Ohio for his contemplated Sem- 
inary. He urged the greatness of his plan upon Mr. Hogg with successful en- 
tluisiasm, ibr Mr. Hogg generously agreed to deduct % 6,000 from the price 
of the lands, "considering the magnitude and usefulness of the object to 
which the lands were to be applied." 

At Portsmouth, on his way homeward. Bishop Chase issued a circular 
conceruinii' the wonderful attractions of these Knox County lands, and asked 



KENYON COLLECiE. 25 



lor money to push his eiUargiiig enterprise. ^' Shall it he said,'" he asked. 
•' t/iat all the funds hy which th/'s puhlit' institution, now open, now empowered 
til receire. like other eolleyes, stirdentx in t/eneral science, were raised from 
abroad f " 

dbe Pioccsan Conrciitioii of 1826 

The Convention met in ('olinnhns, .lune T. Tlie Hisli(i])'s address was 
cliielly occupied witli liie location of tiie Sennnary, and (he work to be (h)ne 
in education. "Our prices iiave been," lie said, "lor each year, or Ibrly 
weeks' texm: For boardinii- and contiuiient expenses of candidates for 
orders, $50; colleiiians, 170; iiramniar school ])upils, .'^60. The above includes 
all expenses, except stationery, books, and (dothing. Candidates lor orders 
pay no tuition. We glory in these reduced prices ; and though it is evidently 
necessary that the boarding department be made to defray its own expenses, 
yet conscientiously looking to the good of the public, especially of those 
worthy young men who are destitute of the means of obtaining advanced 
learning, the very nature of our plan of having our institution in the country, 
surrounded by our own domain, ;d)ouiiding in every necessary of life, gives us 
reason to expect that these i)rices can always be kept at their present unex- 
ampled and almost incredibly reduced rate. 

"You will be aware from the above statement, that we have hitherto pro- 
ceeded on the ground that a college for general learning would be annexed to 
the Theological Seminary; not that the latter would take from the privileges 
of the former. On the contrary, it is 1)elieve(l that they can be of most im- 
portant mutual assistance. 

"Much of the field of art and science is open alike to the physician, civi- 
lian, and the divine. What one studies the others must not neglect. The 
knowledge of the languages, philosophy, and belles lettres is necessary to all, 
and in the attainment of this, the ability and number of the professors and 
teachers, the 'quality and extent of the libraries, and the usefulness and value 
of an astronomical and philosophical apparatus, may be greatly enlarged for 
the benefit of each by a junction of the funds of both. 

"It was, therefore, to promote, not to impede the original design of our 
institution that I have endeavcn-ed to annex a college of general science to 
our Sennnary, and to oi)eu our doors to students designed eventually for all 
the learned professions. That 1 have been actuated by a wish to be of service 
to my country, without regard to denomination in religion, I will not deny. 
Where no principle or rule of conscience is compromifted, I deem it my duty, 
and 1 hope I may find it my ])leasure, to be as extensively useful to all 
denominations of C'hristians as possilde. 



26 KENYON COLLEGE. 



" But here it must be noted, tliat in joining a college to the Seminary, it 
is an indispensable condition that our funds increase in proportion to the 
magnitude of the design. To open our institution to the public without an 
equivalent — I mean an estate or property equal at least to the fund collected 
in England — would be as unreasonable as unjust. That this estate — this 
additional fund worthy of the high destination of our Seminary — might be at 
your acceptance and disposal in the very act of fixing the site of this interest- 
ing institution, has formed a principal feature of my last year's duty. It is 
presented to you in the proposition of Mr. William Hogg, of Brownsville, to 
sell us at a reduced price 8,000 acres of land in Knox County, on which to fix 
both the Seminary and College. The sale of one-half of this tract, joined with 
the subscriptions already attained, and yet expected, will more than pay for the 
whole. The remaining 4,000 acres, with the Seminary thereon, valuable as it 
is in itself^ must and will constitute an equivalent, if not far exceed in value, 
the whole collections fi-om abroad. 

•' Here is a foundation on which to erect an edifice worthy of the kind 
expectation of our esteemed benefactors. On this we can build, and expect 
the further assistance of a sympathizing world; on this we can build and 
justly expect the patronage of our civil government. And here I think it my 
duty to add that any thing less than this would be to degrade, not to improve, 
our present blessings. To establish our Seminary in a village Avith no more 
accession to her fund than a village can give, and yet expect that she will 
open her doors to students in general learning, and in all respects maintain 
the dignified character of a college, is an attempt to reconcile inconsistencies 
and accomplish that which is impossible. On the truth of this remark it is 
that I have refused to consent that our institution be established in the village 
of Worthington. For though in so doing my own estate and lots in that vil- 
lage would be enhanced in usefulness to myself twice tAvo-fold compared with 
the benefit to be derived from it at a distance, yet the good of the institution, 
I trust, will evgr prevail over all considerations of private interests. 

"But two courses are before us: either to confine our Seminary to theo- 
logical candidates only, or, if we receive students in general science, to lay a 
foundation sufficiently strong and large to sustain the magnitude of the college 
which must be reared to do those students justice. In the former case, noth- 
ing more is necessary than to turn your attention to the deed of gift of my 
own estate, executed in London November 27, 1823, as the basis of all dona- 
tions. This both myself and family are willing to execute and carry into full 
eft'ect. In the latter case, the only thing presented worthy of your attention is 
the proposed platform in Knox County. Should this be prei'erred, I leave my 
peaceful retreat, and the trees planted and engrafted by my own hand, and 
unite mv destinv with that of our Seminary and College. AVith this institu- 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



lion (>r religion and learnin!>-, I am williiii;- lo rise or fall, to sufVer or prosper, 
ir (ind vouchsafe to bless, who sliall \v\ it ^ if lie shall frown, whci sliall not, 
acquiesce tliat knows his wisdom." 

Cbe 3tt5titntion *■ocatc^ at (5ambicr 

The Committee on the iocalioii of the Seminary made tiie lollowinj;- 
report, which was accepted : 

"The Committee to whom was referred that part of the Bishop's address 
which respects the site of the Theolofiical Seminary and Kenyon College, beg 
leave to rej^ort that they iiave had llie subject under consideration, and satis- 
factorily ascertained, from the information received from others and froTii the 
actual knowledge of the Committee, that the lands in Knox County condi- 
tionally purchased by the Bishop from AVilliam Hogg, of Brownsville, Penn- 
sylvania, afford an eligible site for the Seminary and College, and cond)ine 
advantages of greater magnitude than any oli'er that has been made, being 
situated near the center of the Diocese, in a healthy part of the country, 
wliich is rapidly im]3roving; the land watei-ed with good springs and perma- 
nt'ut streams, affording valuable null seats; well timbered, very fertile, 
abounding in stone and all the materials necessary lor bidlding. The Com- 
nuttee further ascertain that the contract with Mr. Hogg is made on very 
favorable terms, particularly as to price, leaving it possible to save the lands 
wanted for the site iVom the jiroceeds of the sale of the remainder. The 
Committee further report, thai a very considerable amount in money, lauds, 
materials for building, and laln-r has been subscribed, to be applied to the 
payment of the land and in erecting the necessary buildings, on condition 
that the Seminary and College l)e established thereon. Therefore, in full view 
of all these advantages, with gratitude to God that he has so signally helped 
us thus far, and with ardent prayers for the continuance of his blessing, the 
Committee recommend that the following resolutions be adopted: 

"Resolved., That this Convention do approve of the conditional contract 
made by the Rt. Rev. P. Chase, Bishop of the Diocese of Ohio, with Wm. 
Hogg, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, for section 1, in township 6, and section 
4, in townshi]) 7, and the 12th range of United States Military Land, contain- 
ing ea(di four thousand acres; and be it furtlier 

'"'' ResolvefL That the Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio and 
Kenyon College be, and the same hereby is, forever established on such part 
of section 1, in township 6, in range 12, of the United States Military Land, as 
may be selected by the Trustees of said Seminary and College." 

Tlie two resolutions a])])(Mided lo this report were unanimouKli/ adopted 
bv the Convention. 



2S KENYON COLLEGE. 



It is hardly necessary to state that Charles Hammond was not a member 
of this Diocesan Convention. His views on the one side were as unchanged 
as those of Bishop Chase on the other. Mr. Hammond simply relinqnished 
the iield, and Bishop Chase remained, for the time, in undisturbed possession 
thereof. Concerning this period, Mr. Hammond afterwards wrote, with evi- 
dent feeling (see Aydelotte's reply): 

^^The Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the 
Diocese of Ohio was no more heard of. Ivenyon College occupied the front 
ground in everything. The President and professors sunk the humble name 
of the Seminary and took up one more sonorous — the President and Pro- 
fessors OF Kenyon College ; and instead of directing the funds to the educa- 
tion of ministers of the Gospel, the Seminary was made one of general educa- 
tion, not one in twenty of the students contemplating taking orders." 

That Bishop Chase believed that the English donors shared his views is 
certain. On the 1st of April, 1826, he wrote to the Rev. Intrepid Morse: "If 
the Convention, through want of exertion, fail to agree on Knox County, ice 
shall have no college^ and I think the money collected in England will never 
come into this State; we shall have proved ourselves unworthy of such a 
benefit.'" 

On the 26th of May he again wrote to Dr. Morse : '"Nothing less than the 
object before us in Knox County should divert us from our humble theological 
school on my farm at Worthington. If the Lord will, no less than the whole 
south section should be cleared to us, or give up the plan, and with it all 
thought of a pttblic college. The public mind in this country, and especially 
in England, will be satisfied with nothing less than this. If we obtain it, there 
is a broad basis on which to build the superstructure of a great, extensive, and 
useful college, and with it promote the interests most eftectually of our theo- 
logical department. It will lift its head to the admiration of the Christian 
world. Thousands will give it aid, and ten thousands will pray for its success. 
The living will exert themselves in its favor, and the departing saints will 
bequeath it their substance." (Mss. letter in possession of Miss Chase.) 

In November, 1826, Bishop Chase attended a meeting of the General 
Convention in Philadelphia. He issued there a 

plea for tbo IPcst, 

Consisting of (1) an appeal in behalf of religion and learning in Ohio, 
AND (2) plan of Ivenyon College, Ohio. 

In this the Bishop declared that, " placed by the providence of God over 
a portion of the Christian community in Ohio, and feeling for their welfare, he 
deemed himself bound to do somethins for the common aood in trviuir to 



KENYON COLLEGE. 29 



iciiu'ily (iiicl ])revent tliese dreadl'iil evils, ignorance and irreliff/'o/i. How was 
I his 1(1 lie eH'ectedi' To advise ids people to send (lieir sons into liie old settle- 
nicnls many iiiiudred miles away for tiieir education, literary or religious, 
would li.ixe lieeu to advise tiiem to impossihilities, or, in their straijihtened 
circumslani'es, to measures almost ruinous. To inntifute a senii/iari/ (if Icin'/i- 
///f/, llu'i-clore, and place it on liie spot wlicre it was wanted, where \\\^' sii//.s 
of f/ic sail eowhA \k' eihictded, i\\ an ex])ensi' wilhin their reach, and in lialiils 
suiled lo their si)here ol' life, was as necessary as it was reasonable. i'>ul iiow 
lo rommence and whence to ilraw the means to begin so vast a work tiie (iod 
of heaven alone could tell. Under the weight ot this anxious inquiry, and 
humbly seeliing for direction and aid from aliove. the undersigned turned his 
attention towards the pious, eulighleued, and liberal mendiers of the dhurch 
of Kngland." 

Till' reason which he assigned for the justice of this appeal was Ijie fact 
llial, of the numlier of settlers in Ohio Icj whom he was appointed to miinster, 
a full third were I^ritish iiorn subjects. There was a ''■ literary and religious 
/(^/// ///('" in Ohio, and "it seemed but reasonable that their lirelhren in their 
own immediate parent country should bear a \kw\ in the benevolent work ol' 
allording them relief."' 

The appeal states urgeully the imperious necessity of obtaining the 
means to erect new buildings. "That the necessity may be undisputed, let 
ihe greatness of tlu' uiidert;dviug and (he smallness of the means hitherto ob- 
laiiuMJ be compared, and how (■iinspi<-uous (he disjiarity! What college was 
c\er reared with only thirty thousand dollars^ "Ten thousand dollars will, in 
the posture in which the Inisiness now stands, raise a college in Ohio, which 
shall disjiense the lilessings of education to millions of the future citizens of 
(his Kepublic.''' 

" Al this (ime," to quote again from the Rev. Dr. McElroy, "the Bishop 
exd'iided his visit east as far as Bangor, Maine, and was everywhere 
received and treated with the greatest respect and kindness. The Church 
ladies, particularly, everywhere became deeply interested in his great plans 
for the Church in the West, and formed " Kenyon Circles of Industry," from 
which streamlets of gold llowed for many a day to build Kenj'on College and 
cheer the pioneer Bishop in his great work at (bunbier.'' 

Qlbc Corner Stone Caying 

On the flth of June, 1S27, the corner-stone of the Seminary and College 
was laiil liy Bishop Chase with appropriate ceremonies. That corner-stone 
ran be seen to-dav in (he east division of ''Old Kenyon. 



30 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Ctppeal for (Sooernment Gib 

In December, 1827, Bishop Chase addressed the Legislature of the State of 
Ohio. He insisted that there was danger of a cloud of moral darkness spread- 
ing over our country, unless school teachers were trained and multiplied. 
"Kenyon College," he said, ''now commended to your patronage to this end, 
is worthy of your regai'd. Having had the good of our country in view in the 
education of youth, its expenses are reduced beyond all former example and 
its government is kept free from every tendency to a sectarian spirit." The 
Legislature approved his plea, declaiing that the College promised to be ex- 
tensively useful to the citizens of Ohio and the adjoining States in promoting 
the interest of literature and science, and requesting the Ohio Senators and 
Representatives in Congress to use their exertions in aid and support of the 
application. 

Armed with this legislative approval. Bishop Chase went at once 1o 
AVashington. His memorial to the Congress of the United States began thus : 

•'The President of Kenyon College, in behalf of the Trustees thereof, 
humbly sheweth : That this institution has been duly incorporated by the 
Legislature of the State of Ohio. Its main design has been, by reducing the 
expenses of the students to an unexampled degree of cheapness, to extend 
the means of education to thousands who hitherto have been and otherwise 
must always be debarred from such a privilege, and thus to prevent the rising 
generations at the West from falling into ignorance as dishonorable as it is 
fatal to our free and happy government." 

The U. S. Senate passed a bill granting "to the Incorporated Institution 
of Kenyon College, Knox County, Ohio, for literary purposes, the quantity of 
one township of land." In the House of Representatives, however, " the tide 
of business long delayed was such that the cause of Kenyon College, which, 
by reason of its peaceful nature mingled not with the overwhelming tide of 
23olitics, was put off till another year by the vote of a small majority." 

Bishop Chase was greatly disappointed by this failure at Washington, but 
not in despair. He issued at once a pamphlet entitled 

Clie Star in tl]? IDcst, or Kenyon (Eollege in tl^e IJear 1828 

This appeal was urgent, and met with a generous response, so that "the 
wound occasioned by the late disappointment in Congress" was largely 
"healed by the hand of individual beneficence." 

Concerning the Seminary at this time, the Rev. Dr. Preston writes : (See 
Dr. Sparrow's Memorial, p. 41.) "I went to Worthington early in 1S2S to 



KENYON COLLEGE. 31 



teac'li inatliematics, where I found Brothers Sparrow and Wing, and fifty or 
tiixty students, ahout half of tliem in college classes. There were no theolo- 
gical students, so IMr. Sparmw laniihl tlie classics in the College.'" 

(Transfer of the (Enalish ^un^s to (Dl^xo 

At a meeting of the Board of Trustees, held June 9, 1826, it was 

'' /.'esolved. That the President of this Board, the Hon. H. Clay, and B. 
^\'(■lls he a committee witJi full aiiliiority to cause to he made a transfer of liie 
Iniids (if the Institution, now in England, at such time and in such manner as 
llicy tiiiniv ])roiier and tiial I lie order for said transfer be signed hy the said II. 
Clay ;ind H. AVells, and countersigned hy the President of this Board, and 
thai sjiid committee has authority to ai>])oint sucli agent or agents as they may 
lliink proper to effect said transfer, and the reinvestment of the same in such 
American stocks as they may deem for the intei'est of said Institution." 

At a meeting held on the Ittii of June, 1827, it was 

"" IicsoJreih That the committee in whose name the moneys received as 
iliinalinns to the Seminary are deposited in the Bank of the United States, he 
authorized to withdraw the same from said Bank, and to apply so much 
(hereof as may he necessary to make full payment of the consideration money 
1(1 Mr. Hogg for the two sections of land jmrchased from him for the use of 
till' Seminary." 

The amount of money actually paid to Mr. Hogg (including interest) for 
the eight thousand acres of land was, March 6, 1826, $2,2.50; September 20, 
IS27, ^ 17,206.87. making in all, si? li>,41J6.87. 

Heittoixil of tl]c 3nstitutton to (Bambicr 

This was efl'ected in the fall of 1828, with some sixty students. A resolu- 
tion of the Trustees at this time formally fixed the salary of the President at 
eight hundred dollars, with a house, fuel, candles, and provisions for himself 
and family, groceries excepted. 

The Annual Diocesan Convention of 1827 was held "in Mt. Vernon and 
( Jambier." That of 1828 was held at " Kenyon College in Gambier." That of 
182!) was also held "in Kenyon College, Camliier.'" Before this Convention of 
1S29, Bishop Chase said: 

"Our number of students is now nearly ninety, six of whom this Com- 
meucenuMil receive their degrees of A. B., besides several who, in the inter- 
uu'diale time, have lieen qualified as teachers, now so much wanted in our 
Common Schools." 

He then stated the olyect of Kenyon College. " It is to cherish an insti- 
tntion of Christian education at a rate of unexampled cheapness, bringing 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



science with all its blessings, witbia the reach of thousands and tens of thou- 
sands of persons who, by reason of their straightened circumstances, must 
forever remain in comparative ignorance. It is to teach the- children of the 
poor to become school-master s^ to instruct the common schools throughout the 
vast valley of the Mississippi. It is to teach the children of the poor to rise 
by their wisdom and merit into stations hitherto occupied by the rich; to fill 
our pulpits; to sit in our Senate Chambers, and on onr seats of justice, and" to 
secure in the best possible way the liberties of our country. * * * 

" Ignorance in the many, and art, cunning, and ambition in the few, will 
soon find a tomb for the freedom of our country. We^must furnish our own 
teachers, and, blessed be God, on the plan we have instituted, we have the 
means to do it. Having reduced the expenses to a scale of cheapness scarcely 
exceeding that of the most economical family in private life, we can command 
any number of sl.;dents we are able to accommodate. Give us our buildings, 
and we will supply your schools with teachers. Enable us to complete our 
buildings according to our original plan, and our youns; men graduated in this 
Seminary Avill exceed two hundred " 

Cbe (£onrcntion of ^850 

The Convention of 1830 also met in Gambler. The Bishop told the story 
of another visit to Washington, and of another appeal to Congress, which had 
again resulted in failure. He told also the sad story of his disappointment in 
the English mission of the Rev. George Montgomery West. Mr. West had 
come to liim from abroad, recommended by some of his English friends, and 
had been ordained by him both Deacon and Priest, and then sent back to 
England to seek further aid for Ivenyon College. Great expectations were 
created, which were not fulfilled. 

]More than this. This man West, because -the Bishop's hands were laid 
upon him in Wessing at a certain valedictory moment, claimed that he had 
been consecrated a Bishop, and, upon his return to Ohio, " modestly asked the 
Bishop if he might hope to succeed him in the Episcopate, and whether he 
would have liis inlluence to that eft'ect." Dr. Sparrow writes: "You may 
judge of the scene; my pen fails me. *■ Steferunt comce, vox faucihus /tiesit.' 
The conclusion is, Mr. West is gone, most probably never to return." 

Mr. West went at once to New York, where he was for a time busily 
engaged in doing injury to Bishop Chase and his Ohio work. 

Under date of December 23, 1830, the Rev. Dr. Milnor, Rector of St. 
George's Church, N. Y., wrote to the Bishop, telling him of Mr. West's oppo- 
sition and its harmful effect, and saying also : " Whatever may be thought of 
his absurd claims to the olHce of a Bishop, which I do not believe he or his 




GI';uR(;i':, lord KKXVIJN. ^See page 309.) 



KENYON C0LLE(;E. 3,3 



iViends will much loiiiier involve themselves in the nonsense of asserting, yet 
your numerous and warmly attached friends in England and in the United 
States, who are contributors to your great object, will expect that Mr. West's 
strong asseverations in regard to inismanagement, misapplication^ etc., wliich 
he has supported so jjlausibly as to be believed by several of tiie subscribei's 
to the professorship which bears my name, should be rebutted by a most can- 
did and well authenticated statement of actual facts. Rumors are afloat 
throughout this city, originating with Mr. West and his adherents, that moneys 
contributed for one object have been applied to another; that there has been 
excessive prodigality of exjtenditure, that a<'couMts have been very irregularly 
kept; that none know, in fact, tlie actual state of the finances of the College 
but yourself; and that, Irom your unacquaintauce with accounts, or the multi- 
plicity of your engagements, or carelessness in your pecuniary concerns, or 
(as some are unkind enough to insinuate) witii a view to private emolument, 
the benevolence of the pulilic is likely to be of little advantage to religion 
and learning in Ohio. You will not doubt that these things are stated by me, 
not as having impressed my mind, as I know they have the minds of others, 
with a belief in their truth, but as furnishing very cogent arguments for early 
;uid lucid explanation of the whole progress of the work under your care, so 
as to disabuse the puldic mind and show the falsehood of the statements which 
your enemies have made on these and other points of a similar kind." 
Thus was called forth 

i^isbop Chase's Defence Ctgainst the 5Ian^el•s of the Her. 05. IW. IDcst 

This is a very interesting document of seventy-two pages, giving detailed 
information concerning (1) the Farms, (2) Saw-mill, Grist-mill, Dam and 
Race, (3) Miller's House, (4) Student's Houses, (5) The Hotel, (6) The Hotel 
Stable, (7) Carpenter's and Shoemaker's Shops, (8) Dairyman's House, (9) 
Cow Stable, (10) Stock Yard, Threshing Floor, Granary, Ox Shed, and Board 
Fence, (11) The Old Dining Hall. (12) Water for the College Hill, (13) The 
Printing Office, (14) College Stable, (15) Professor's House, (16) College 
Kitchen, (17) The Buildings of Plewn Logs, (18) The Cabins on the College 
Premises, (lit) Cascu, (20) Hermitage, (21) Kenyon College Grammar School, 
(22) College Building, (23) Rosse Ciiapel. (24) The Question of Hiring by 
Contract or the Month. 

The assets of the Institution embi-aced property of all kinds — buildings, 
permanent and temporary, furniture of all sorts, oxen, cows, horses, sheep, 
wagons, tools, besides the contents of the mills and shops and stores. The 
tiotel was a source of revenue ; so were the- shops and the village store. A 
document is appended, giving a report of a committee of the Trustees, com- 



34 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



mending the Bishop, stating that " he has at one and the same time acted in 
the capacity of Bishop of this diocese, President of a religious and literary 
Institution, architect, mechanic, and farmer, as well as discharged the com- 
plex and multifarious duties of general agent, treasurer, and superintendent 
of a great and extensive establishment; and that in the performance of his 
various functions he has uniformly acted with a single eye to the glory of God, 
the advancement of religion, and the prosperity of the Institution committed 
to his charge." 

The "gigantic plans" of the heroic Bishop of course brought perplexities. 
He was misled by the statements of Mr. West as to gifts promised in England, 
and so went On with "his plans of extended usefulness." In his extremity his 
only recourse was to " loans from private friends." Embarassment came, and 
with it serious internal discord. The Bishop issued a circular letter explain- 
ing and defending his position. To this a reply was published, signed by 
"The Professors of Kenyon College." 

Bisl]op (£l]ase's Hesignation 

The matter was brought by the Bishop before the Annual Convention, 
which met in Gambler on the 7tii of September, 1831. The Bishop's address 
was chiefly occupied with a statement of his view of the questions in dispute. 
He was suffering from a wounded leg, and in his crippled condition was neces- 
sarily absent from most of the sessions of the Convention, groaning with pain 
of body and anguish of mind. The committee to whom the matter was 
referred i-eported that there was an irreconcilable difference between the 
Bishop and the Convention, and, on this ground, the resignation of the Bishop 
was accepted, and the Rev. Charles P. Mcllvaine was elected his successor. 

The position taken by the committee was that " they believed it a matter 
of principle founded in the Constitution, and in accordance with the spirit of 
the age that the will of no one individual should be the rule of conduct for all 
others connected with the College ; that whatever might have been the inten- 
tion in founding and carrying on a Theological Seminary alone, that intention 
is lost and merged in the Constitution and acts of incorjioration, ratified and 
adopted in relation to the Seminary and College." The committee reported' 
Bishoj) Chase'' s position to he " that it was a matter of conscience and princi- 
ple with him to assert his Episcopal authority in his character of President, 
and that he ought not to and would not yield the position that he, as such, had 
the right to assert and exercise his discretionary authority and will in contra- 
vention of and in opposition to any limitation of the same by the Board 
of Trustees." The position really taken hy the Bishop was that the Constitu- 
tion had put into his hands "a discretionary power couched in these words — 



Kp]NYON COLLEGE. 35 



the Bishoi) shall have the immediate charge and superintendence of the Sem- 
Iniirijr "Of the use and abuse of this," he said, "I maintain that the Trustees 
alone are the constitutional judges. So that tiie giving to the teachers a right 
to make and administer laws by a majon't;/ of voices in opposition to the 
Bishop, is no less than taking IVoni Iiim h\>. conslitulional riglil, wiiich lie is 
bound to maintain." 

The Bishop soon betook liimsell' to a cabin in the woods and wrote some 
veliement letters from the " Valley of Peace." In these letters he said that 
his enemies on Gambler Hill wanted to make Kenyon College like other col- 
leges, to whicli he was unalterably opposed. He also said that the institution 
, which he founded at Gambler was a Theolof/ical Seminary; that the College 
had no being but as it was a Theological Seminary acting as a college in con- 
ferring degrees. " .111 my proceedings," lie said, " in relation to the institution 
were based on the desire of .ounding a Theological Seminary. For this I 
endured obloquy at home and opposition abroad. The Theological Seminary. 
and that alone, was contemplated, covenanted for and established." 

His positions, as taken in iiis piililished letter to Bishop Mcllvaine were 
(Rem. •_>. p. KiO): 

1. That the institution founded 011 (fainliier Hill was a Theological Sem- 
iiKiry, and that only. 

'2. That the same never could he changed by any man or body of men 
without forfeiting its charter. 

;i That this has been done by (he elective branch of the corporation 
itself in the unanimous acceptance of the report of Messrs. Aydelott and 
King, declaring the very intention of carrying on a Theological Seminary 
alone lost and merged in an ideal something which has no corporation. 

"From these premises," he adds, " I maintain that the Institution which 1 
Ibiiiuled is defunct." 

By this language did Bishop Chase mean to be understood as saying that 
(he Institution which he founded at (Jambier was a Theological Seminary, and 
that only, as wc in these days omniiinly iniderstand and use that term? 
Unquestionably not. for he knew lull well that during all the years of his res- 
idence at Worthington and at Cfambier, in the words of Bishop Mcllvaine, 
"there had been no course of study for theological students organized^ 

In his old age the good Bishop precisely e.xplained his meaning when he 
said, " Being the founder, and knowing the minds of the English contributors, 
he believed he had the right to say what kind of an Institution it should be — 
whether one similar to that chartered since by Illinois Legislature to Jubilee 
College, or, on the contrai-y. one of a coniinon character and governed ac- 
cordina'lv." 



36 KENYON COLLEGE. 



For an exact idea of what Bishop Chase meant by a Theological Seminary 
we turn, then, to the charter of Jubilee College. (Rem. 2, p. 251-2) The 
Institution is declared to consist, 1st, of a Theological department; 2d, the Col- 
lege proper ; 3d, a Classical preparatory school ; 4th, a Female Seminary. The 
Bishop was to he ex-officio President of the Institution, and President of the 
Board of Trustees. There might be a Vice President, provided he be a Pres- 
byter appointed by the Bishop. The Bishop was to nominate all the Trustees, 
and all the Professors, and teachers, and other officers. The Trustees might 
make by-laws for their own government and the government ol' the Profes- 
sors, teachers, and students, but these must be approved by the Bishop. The 
Bishop might remove all tutors and other officers, except the theological and 
collegiate Professors and the Principal of the Female Seminary. The dismissal 
of any one of these required the concurrence of the majority of the Trustees. 
Provided these powers were held by the Bishop, the Institution, consist- 
ing of a girls' school, a boys' school, a college, and a theological department, 
taken together, constituted a Theological Seminary. 

Just so there was a Theological Seminary at Gambler, consisting of a 
Junior and Senior preparatory school, a college, and a theological department 
(in posse), so long as the Bishop remained in undisputed authority at the 
head of affairs, not only as President of the Institution, hut as Bishop in im- 
mediate charge and superintendence. But when his authority was questioned 
and the Diocesan Convention took sides with the " Professors of Kenyon Col- 
lege " against him, and accepted his resignation, then the Institution founded 
by him suddenly became defunct. 

Defunct! Why? The schools went on as usual. There was no giving 
up of any established department. But there had been a change in the mat- 
ter of the relation of the . Bishop to the Institution. He tells us explicitly 
that he resigned his position because the Convention " declared the govern- 
ment and mode of discipline of the Seminary to be entirely changed, consider- 
ing it as a literary institution to be governed as such usually are, and not as a 
Theological Seminary with collegiate powers annexed, to he forever connected 
with the Church through the Bishop.'' (See "A Few Plain Questions An- 
swered by Bishop Chase, A.D. 1848.") The difference in Bishop Chase's mind 
between a theological seminary and an ordinary college was not the difference 
between a professional school and one leading up thereto. It was not a differ- 
ence in instruction or studies, but a difference in government. The fundamental 
conception of a Diocesan " Theological Seminary " with him required that the 
Bishop should be its head. " It is as the blaze of day," he said, " on the face 
of the whole transaction of founding the Theological Seminary that the Bishop 
of the Diocese should have the immediate superintendence thereof. Without 
this proviso, there would have been no Institution." (Rem., Vol. 2, p. 126.) 



KENYON COLLEGE. gj 



Hcitinv c^n^ purpose of the rsnstitution at (Bambier 

'I'll.- question of tlie nature and purpose of the Institution for the educa- 
tion of younii- men, which Bisliop Cliase established at Gainl)ier, was l)rouglit 
before the Board of Trustees at a meeting held at Gambier June 23, 1885. 
The subject was referred to a committee for careful consideration and study. 
Bishop Bedell, the President of tiie Board, appointed the following as the 
committee : Rev. Dr. Burr, Hon. Golumbus Delano, and Hon. M. M. Granger, 
and, l)y unanimous consent of the Board, added to the committee Hon. Rufus 
King. On the Uth of January, 188(!, the Board met at Golumbus. when Rev. 
Dr. IJiiiT, I'roni the committee, made tlie following report : 

••Your committee have had the subject committed to them, under very 
carefid consideration; they have e.\amined the papers submitted respectively 
by Doctors James and Tappan. and beg leave to report as follows : 

"As a preliminary they would state that they do not deem it expedient to 
enter into minute details (,f the sul)ject; as such details, witli reasons and 
arguments in full for the c(,uclusi„n. to wliich they have come, would require 
a more voluminous report than llial c(,rlemplale(l, as thev conceive, by the 
Board. 

"The Theological Seminary of I he Diocese of Ohio was estaldished chielly 
for the purpose of educating men tor the ministry of tlie Protestant P:piscopal 
Churcli. This fact is not questioned by any. 

" It is probable that the original founder. Bishop CHiase, when he went to 
England to solicit funds for this purpose, had in Ids mind only what he teriued 
in his circular to the Bishops, 'a htimble school,' or, as lie expressed his mind 
lo Bishop White, 'It is understood that the institution is to be under the im- 
mediate care of the Bishop, for the time being, or his substitute, assisted by 
two (,r more professors of sacred learning, and a grammar school teacher.' 
Hut such large success attended his application in England that his views 
seem thereby to have been greatly enlarged. He would have means for 
a much broader foundation than he at first contemplated. When he returned 
t(> his Diocese the idea of a college with a full course of study had grown into 
Ills mind. Less than eight montlis after his return he holds this significant 
language to his convention asseudded at Zanesville, June 1, 1825. 'It is 
un.lerstood Ihut our Seminary is to go into operation in the house and on the 
Jilacc of my ])rcsenl residence near Worthington, immediately after the risiuii 
"I' Ihc ], resent convention. Here the Seminary in all its branches, from the 
gramniiir s,dio.,l Ihrougli all the course of collegiate instruction to those of 
theology, ;is re(| Hired by (lur canons, might proceed.' * * * * 



38 KENYON COLLEGE. 



'• This, as your committee think, sets at rest the question as to what was 
in the mind of tlie founders of the Seminary at that early period. Did their 
views accord with those of the English donors and the conditions on which the 
donations were madei* This question is also set at rest by the next paragraph 
but one, of the same address, in which the Bishoj) makes this emphatic 
declaration: "If I were to judge in tliis matter by my present feelings, and 
if it were proper to express them liere, I should be compelled to declare my 
great dislike to the confining of our views within the contracted sphere 
marked out by some for a city seminary. And that both my feelings and my } 
judgment accord with the expressed opinion of benefactors in England. I 
myself am witness, and here do testify.' 

" The institution, then, Avith the unanimous sanction of the Convention 
of Ohio, was founded and went forwaixl in accordance with this plan. Right 
or wrong, as to jjrinciple and expediencj^, it grew up and has continued to the ; 
present time with its several departments — Preparatory, Collegiate, and i 
Theological. It may be tliat at times one branch has received more attention 
and absorbed more of the means at hand than its just proportion. It would 
be strange if no mistakes had been made in this and other respects. In the 
great scarcity of means to meet pressing demands and keep up the several 
branches ol' tlie institution, it is likely that funds have been used (temporarily 
at least) for one purpose that were designed for another. The excuse for this 
must l)e souglit in the fact that the several branches of the institution have 
all along been regarded as constituting one united whole, in law and in fact , 
one, in government one, in purpose entirely one. And hence, that the in- \ 
tei'est of one branch involved, to a greater or less degree, the interest and 
welfare of the others ; that if one member suffered, all the members would 
suffer with it. And this, your committee think, indicates the relations which 
the several departments were to liave and to bear to each other. 

" Primarily and suljstantially their aims are one — to prepare men tor the 
ministry of t-lie Church. However much the College may have occupied public 
attention, the authorities of the institution, it is believed, have always re- 
garded this (education for the ministry) as the paramount design, and have 
always had that design chiefly in view. At the same time they have not over- 
looked a subordinate purpose, viz.: general education. The college, wliile 
preparing students for the seminary proper, could at the same time and with- 
out the least detriment to the chief design, prepare them for other purposes 
and pursuits. It could educate the sons of Episcopalians (not necessarily in- 
tended for the ministry) under influences favorable to the Church, in which 
they had been baptized and nurtured; and in the hope that some, perhaps 
many, might, under such influences, have tlieir minds turned to the sacred 
calling. And such a result has been realized to a considerable, if not to a 



KENYON COLLEGE. 39 



liilly satisfactory, extent. The number of those wlio have entered our semi- 
nary from the college does not show that result in its fullest extent. Many 
have gone to other seminaries for their divinity studies, some at once, and 
others from influences which they came under at our college, and which were 
at k'ngtli operative and decisive upon their minds. • Others still, and not a few 
ol' those not reared in tiie Episcopal Church, have, while in our college, so 
k-ai-ned to appreciate and love its doctrines, worship, and ways, that they 
liave. in consequence, l)ec()me useful and in many instances distinguished 
members of its fold. 

■• The relations tlien subsisting between the several departments of our 
instiiution are those of members of one and the same body. As such they 
are close and intimate. These members are actually dejjendent upon each 
otlier. They are intended to subserve one general purpose. They must, in 
alfecting or failing of this purpose, stand or fall together. The preparatory 
(K-partment, so called, must supply the college, and to that end must be well 
sustained. The college (which in its general purpose is but another prepara- 
tory department) must supply the seminary and should, therefore, be vigor- 
ously supported. The semimiry must supply the Church with able and well- 
equijjped ministers, and as this is the paramount design of all, its efficiency to 
the fullest extent possible should command the most unremitting exertion 
and care. 

•'In the spirit of tliis relationship the Trustees should exert a rigid and 
paternal regard for each department. All depends primarily on their faithful 
and vigilant guardianship. Tlie professors and instructors of every grade 
should cheerfully and heartily co-operate in all measures aftecting the general 
welfare; holding themselves in readiness to take work in any department 
(though not peculiarly their own), so far as their time and qualifications 
will permit and exigencies may require. 

"All of wliich is respectfully submitted. "ERASTUS BFKK 

C. DELANO, 
M. M. GRANGER, 

CoDtniitfee.''' 

" ]\Ir. King was not present at the meeting of the committee.'' 

lliiantmous itction of the 3oal•^ of (Erustocs 

"After hearing tiie report, the Board adjourned until evening, when llie 
following resolutions, offered by Mr. Delano, were unanimously adopted: 

'"First. Resolred^i That the several institutions at Gambler, known as tlie 
tirammar School, Kenyon College, and Seminary, are in law and in fact one. 
all being embraced in the corporation denominated 'The Theological Semi- 



40 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



nary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio.' That Bishop 
Chase, the founder, intended to establish an institution for the education of 
young men for the ministry, and deemed it advisable and necessary, in order 
to train and prepare men for the ministry, to furnish them with a liberal edu- 
cation, and this intent was fully made known to, and approved by, the English 
donors before they permitted their donations to come to this country. 

. ''^Second. Resolved, That it was also the purpose and intent of Bishop 
Chase, in founding the Seminary, to afford opportunities for a general educa- 
tion for all professions, as well as to prepare those who desired or intended to 
adopt the ministry as a profession. 

^^ Third. Resolved, That, in order to carry out the purpose of the founder, 
it is necessary that all three departments of the Seminary receive support and 
encouragement from the Trustees and Faculties having the same in charge. 

'"''Fourth. Resolved, That this Board approves and adopts the conclusions 
to which the Committee appointed to inquire into the relations of the several 
departments at Gambler have arrived, and the Board directs that the report 
of said Committee, with a statement, to be prepared by it, of the facts upon 
which it is based, and these resolutions be printed and circulated under the 
direction of the Secretary of the Board." 

3ll^gc (Braitcjer's (£onbeitseb Statement of ^acts 

In pursuance of the foregoing resolutions, Hon. M! M. Granger, LL. D., at 
the request of the other members of the Committee, prepared and submitted 
the following summary of facts, upon which their report was based : 

" It is very plain that the English donations made to Bishop Chase on his 
first visit to England were intended l)y the donors for a Theological Seminary 
to be established bj' him in Ohio. 

" The words ' Theological Seminary,' «.« understood at that time hy those 
English donors, describe the institution for which those funds might lawfully 
be expended. 

"On January 7, 1824-, a meeting of London clergy, called to sanction and 
further Bishop Chase's application, — 

" ^Resolved, That appropriate and adequate provision for the supply of 
the spiritual wants of the said Diocese requires the establishment of an insti- 
tution on the spot, in which natives of the country may be trained for the 
ministry at an expense within their reacli, and in habits suited to the sphere 
of their labors.'" (Chase Rem., 281.) 

" TJie English Trustees of the fund were Lords Kenyon and Gambler and 
Messrs. George Gaskin and Ileurv Hoare. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 41 



"• Lord (iambier, in his letter to Bishop Cliase, called the institution a 
'college'; see Chase Rem., p. 248, "the proposed colleiie"; II).. j). 488, 'the 
college.' The Bishop of London, in a letter (|iiotcHl hy Lord Kciivdu (Ih., 
41)0), called it 'Bishop Chase's Establishment.' SiK'h ([uotations can be miilli- 
plied; they show that the English donors were not accustomed to llie words 
' Tiieological Seminary.' They were not thinking of a school limited to 
divinity students alone. They did tliinlv of an institution in wliicli candidates 
lor the ministry could be educated. 

"Tliey knew that Ohio was then c<ini])aralively destitule of scliools; that 
i( had none of our Church except the one at Worthington. On February 14, 
is-i;"), Bishop Chase, in a letter to William Sparrow, wrote: 'Your father 
asked me, as Mr. Wells has asked me, if I intend to make a kind of college of 
our Seminary. My answer uniibrmly is, yes, the very best of colleges. It 
sliall combine all the benetits of a college and a theological seminary together, 
in that it shall be something like an Englisli college — the theological students 
answering to their fellows.' Bishop (Jhase, addressing the Convention at 
Zanesville, June 1, 1825, spoke thus (lb., pp. 446, 447) : 'Here the Seminary 
in all its branches, from the grammar school through all the courses of colle- 
giate instruction to those of theology, as required by our canons, might pro- 
ceed. I should be compelled to declare my great dislike to the confining of 
our views within the contracted sphere marked out by some for a city semi- 
nary, and that both my judgment and my feelings accord with the expressed 
opinion of benefactors in England, 1 myself am witness, and do hereby tes- 
tify.' His allusion is to the ditference of opinion between himself and Mr. 
Hammond." 

"The latter had so drawn the original charter as to limit the institution to 
a Theological Seminary, and advocated a city location in the teclinical legal 
sense of those words. To correct what he considered a mistake, the Bishop 
secured the passage of the act of January 24, 1826, declaring Dial tiie Presi- 
dent and Professors of said Seminary 'shall be considered as the lAu-ulty of a 
College, and as such have the power of conferring degrees in the arts and 
sciences.' 

"This he <lid not as an altertiiought, but as carrying out the original 
design of an ' Institution.' 

"He carried on an active correspondence with (lie English trustees and 
jirincipal donors; sent them flic journals of conventions containing his ad- 
dresses; made known to Iheni Ilie presence in his school at Worthington of 
more students looking to other proi'essions than tiiere wei'e divinity students ji 
iiis beginning of Kenyon College on a plan lor live hundred students; his 
jturchase of the eight thousand acres of Knox County lands; his appointment 
of professors in chairs oilier than di\inity. His corresi)ondenls replie(l to him 



42 KENYON COLLEGE. 



freely ; all approved his actions ; not one wrote or spoke one word of com- 
plaint. 

"No careful reader of Bishop Chase's reminiscenses will fail to become 
satisfied that the Bishop concealed nothing from the English donors ; that they 
were fully informed that the larger part of their gifts was l)eing expended 
upon Kenyon College ; that ' the College,' ' the Institution,' ' Bishop Chase's 
Establishment' consisted of three parts — Grammar School, College, Divinity 
School — and that pay pupils looking to lives as laymen were sought for, and 
received into the two former departments. 

" The evidence is conclusive that Bishop Chase and the English donors 
contemplated the establishment, in Ohio, of one Institution, comprising three 
departments, to-wit : 

(a) A Grammar School, 

(i) A College, and 

(c) A Theological School; 
That students for the ministry might receive in tiiis institution their educa- 
tion, prei^aratory, collegiate, and theological; that pay pupils not looking to 
the ministry, might also be received into the Grammar School and College ; 
that while the main purpose of the institution was the training of ministers, 
the admission of others, as pay pupils, was treated as an aid, lessening the 
expense of maintaining the two lower departments. 

"It is thei-efore the duty of the Trustees to so use all funds (not devoted 
by their donors to some special object), to maintain tiiis Institution in all its 
departments, treating it as one." 

i3ist]op iUcSIfatne's (Eonsccratioit 

Bishop Mcllvaine was tirst elected Bishop of Ohio by the Diocesan Con- 
vention of 1831. The question was not then settled whether a Bishop had the 
right to resign his jurisdiction, and could not be settled until the next meeting 
of the General Convention. Dr. Mcllvaine, therefore, was not consecrated at 
once, nor indeed did he signify his acceptance of his election. He was re- 
elected by the Diocesan Convention of 1832, and the question of his consecra- 
tion was discussed at length by the General Convention of that year. The 
Bisho^DS declared that they were "deeply impressed with a consideration of 
the evils which may result to the Church from capricious and unregulated 
resignations of Episcopal jurisdiction." (See Journal Gen. Conv., 1832, p. 83.) 
It was finally decided, however, to consent to Dr. Mcllvaine's consecration. 
At the same time the House of Bishops directed the following declaration to 
be entered on their journal and communicated to the House of Clerical and 
Lay Deputies for their information : " The House of Bishops, in concurring 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



witli the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies in reference to the consecration 
of the Reverend the Bishop-elect of the Diocese of Ohio, desire it to l)e under- 
stood that they do not give their sanction to any provision of the College at 
( iambier which can be construed as making a necessary connection between 
the Presidency of the said institution .ind the Episcopacy of the Diocese, it 
seeming to the House of Bishops an incongruity that the occupant of the 
latter should be dependent for Ins continuance in his station on any autiiority 
not recognized in the Canons." (Journal, p. '.*;!) 

Soon after his consecration Bishop Mcllvaine spent a niontli in Oliio, 
dui-ing one week of which he remained in Gambler "inspecting the condition 
of the College." He reached Brooklyn upon his return early in January, 1H?,'S, 
and almost at once set about the work of raising funds for Ganil)ier. 

Five lengthy letters addressed to llev. Dr. Tyng, and puljlished ( See Epis- 
copal Recorder, January 20 to Manrh 9, 1S33), contain the statements wliich 
hrought large returns. The subjects presented are (1) Design of the Inslitu- 
ticui, (2) The Situation of Kenyon College, (3) The Faculty of Kenyon Col- 
lege, (-1) Wants of Kenyon College. The wants were declared to be "addi- 
tional College buildings — a building for the preparatory school, a Theological 
seminary, a Church, and accommodations for four professors and their fami- 
lies, besides books and apparatus." Thirty thousand dollars was asked for, of 
whicli nearly twenty-eight thousand dollars was obtained. 

'I'iie great spiritual want of the West was declared to be ininistcrs of 
C/iriKt. It was insisted (1) The clergy for the West must in a great measure 
he from the West^ (2) The clergy for the West must he educated in the West. 

The closing statements were (1) "Consider the institution in reference to 
common education, planted in the midst of the most powerful State of the 
West, endowed with a full complement of literary and scientific instructors ; 
it cannot fail, if room be given it to work, and grace be given its conductors to 
work in faith and prayer, to send out a most wholesome and permanent in- 
lluence of Christianized education into all departments of the Western com- 
munity; (2) Consider the institution in reference to theological education. 
Should a building be erected for students, a young man for $50 per annum 
can complete his theological studies and have no other expense than Ihnl 
of his clothing. A system of manual labor may and, it is hoped, will be set 
up, by which even the above amount may be very greatly reduced. A youth 
contemplating the ministry may be trained from the lowest step of his pre- 
paratory studies to the day of his ordination, on the same ground, under tiie 
same intluences, and in the midst of the missionary field ; (3) Consider the in- 
stitution in reference to missions, and especially the missionary cause in the 
West. * * Wlien teachers are ready shall pupils be kept away for waul of 
acconinindalions to receive them? Shall we have mo Theological Seminary — 



44 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



no Chiirchf Must instructors be discouraged and go away because they have 
no houses to live in? Must we be restricted to a mere gi'ammar school and 
college on a small scale under the greatest inconveniences, when the great 
demand of the Church and the country and the world is not for men well 
furnished for the occupations of literature and science, but for ambassadors 
of Christ? I must leave the subject with the hearts ol' men and the Spirit of 
God. May His blessing be given, and all will be well." 

3isl|op 2nc3lDatne at fjomc in cBainbier 

With his family Bisliop Mcllvaine reached Gambler on the 24th of July, 
1833, and took up his residence there. For a time his thoughts were ''prin- 
cijjally devoted to such changes in the organization and discipline of the 
College as would naturally be required after its having been so long without a 
head, and almost without hope." (Conv. Add., 1833.) 

His first important change was the separate organization of the Theolog- 
ical department, or, as he called it, the Theological Seminary. The announce- 
ment, published in the summer of 1833, was as follows: "The course of 
instruction in the Theological Seminary of Kenyon College under a new 
organization will commence at the beginning of the next College term, the 
1st of November next. The several departments will be sustained by Bishop 
Mcllvaine, as President and Professor of Church Government and Pastoral 
Duties, the Rev. William Sparrow, Milnor Professor of Systematic Divinity 
and Ecclesiastical Historj^, and the Rev. Joseph Muenscher, Professor of Sa- 
cred Literature. The regular course will occupy three years, and will be 
divided with reference to three classes of students — Junior, Middle, and 
/Senior.'''' 

Bishop Mcllvaine was a graduate of Princeton College, and also, for 
nearly two years, a student of the Princeton Theological Seminary. Tliese 
schools, although located in the same village, are distinct and separate institu- 
tions. It is not to be wondered at, therefore, that Bishop Mcllvaine made a 
distinction between the Theological Seminary and Kenyon College, which was 
entirely foreign to the mind of Bishop Oliase. Bishop Chase used the words 
" Tiieological Seminary " and " Kenyon College " as ecpivalent terms. Not so 
Bishop Mcllvaine. With him the Theological Seminary meant the theological 
department, and Kenyon College meant the collegiate department. Accord- 
ingly, there is a change in the Diocesan Journal. BisIiop Chase was " Presi- 
dent of the Theological Seminary and Kenyon College, Gambler." Bishop 
Mcllvaine is " President of the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church in the Diocese of Ohio, and Kenyon College, Gambler." The 
comma is introduced before the phrase " and Kenj-on College," imi:)lying a 



KENYON COLLEGE. 45 



(listiiictioii between the Seraiiiiiry and College, and implying also that the 
newly established theological department succeeded to the rights, privileges, 
and immunities of "The Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopiil 
Ciiurch in the Diocese of Ohio." 

Tile catalogue printed lor ls;!l was a "catalogue of tiie oflicers and 
students of Kenyon College and (irammar School." The catalogue printed 
lor 1883 was a " catalogue of the othcers and students of the Theological Semi- 
nary of. the Diocese of Ohio, Kenyon College, and Grammar School." The 
liy laws for 1S31, were of " Kenyon College and Grammar School." Those for 
IS-'Jo, were "Laws of Kenyon College, and Theological Seminary of Ohio." 

Cbe ^£oniiccttoit of the proi•t^c^cl^ of Kenyon ColIet3e untb tl]e 
^Episcopate of the Diocese 

This question was discussed by Bishop .Mcllvaine in Ids address before 
the Diocesan Convention of 183.5. 

"According to the present arrangement," he said, "the Bishop must sur- 
render his mind and care, and study, exclusively, either to the Diocese, in 
general, or to the institution at which as President, he resides, in particular; 
or else be divided between the widely different, and therefore emliarrassing 
descriptions of duty attached to both. To be exclusively devoted to the insti- 
tution is, of course, out of the question. To be exclusively given to the 
Diocese, except as the institution and vicinity may be considered as having a 
parochial claim on the attention of tlie Bishop, would be neither consistent 
with tiie expectations of the Church, the responsibility under which the public 
must regard the ofRce of President, nor the fact to which I solicit special at- 
tention, that the whole maintenance and all the accommodation of the Epis- 
copate of the Diocese are derived from its connection with the Presidency of 
tlie College. 

" To pursue the middle course, to l)e divided between the Diocese and the 
( 'dllegiate claims, is the only one consistent with a conscientious view of the 
j)resent arrangement. 

" But against the further attempt on the part of the Diocesan to pursue 
this course, there are several important objections: 

" ( 1) The spiritual interests of the Diocese require all the attention and 
<'are that any one Bishop is capal)le of affording in the most unencumbered 
circumstances. 

" ('2) The interests of the College require that its President, as he must 
bear in the eye of the public all the responsibility of its management, should 



46 ItENYON COLLEGE. 



have all his time and care, and his best thoughts and elForts concentrated 
upon its concerns. 

"(3) By the present arrangement the whole support of the Bishop of 
this Diocese arises out of his connection with the College. I object to the 
continuance of this mode of sustaining the Diocesan on several grounds : («) 
He does not, and ought not to, pay sufficient attention to the concerns of the 
College to warrant any such return, (b) The College is not in circumstances 
to warrant any such expenditure ; it needs much more from the Diocese than 
the latter needs from it. (c) The natural dependence for the maintenance of 
the Episcopate is upon the parishes of the Diocese. * * * One thing, 
however, is to be understood in all proceedings based upon the foregoing re- 
mai'ks, viz.: That in whatever changes the parties concerned may consent to, 
there shall remain so much relation l^etween the Episcopate of the Diocese 
and the management of the College and Theological Seminary, as to afford all 
reasonable security against the turning away at any time hereafter of any 
branch of tlie institution from that distinct and entire subservience and con- 
formity to the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States in doctrine, 
discipline, worship, and interest, on the assurance of which its endowments 
were given, and on the continuance of which its great value depends."' 

It was determined by the Convention " that the best interests of the 
Church, as well as the more enlarged usefulness of the Diocesan, require that 
his connection with Kenyon College as President thereof should cease," and 
the Convention pledged itself, in humble dei^endence upon Divine Providence, 
to raise an annual salary of fifteen hundred dollars for the Bishop. 

Pledges for the Bishop's salary, covering a period of five years, were 
received within the year, and his support thereafter was provided by the 
Diocese. 

Cbe (Il7anges of 1839=40 

The era of 1839-40 was an era of important change for Gambler. On the 
26th of March, 1839, the Ohio Legislature passed the following: 

'' An Act further supplementary to an act entitled 'An Act to incorporate 
the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese 
of Ohio.' 

" Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of 
Ohio, that the Trustees of the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episco- 
pal Church in the Diocese of Ohio shall have j)ower to establish, in connection 
with said Seminary, a College, and Halls for preparatory education ; that they 
shall have the care and management of all jDroperty which has been or may 
hereafter be given, or is otherwise possessed for the use and benefit of the 



KENYUN COLLK(iE. 47 



same, and to ap])oint a President and Professors, and all necessary officers Cor 
tlie purposes ot government and instruction in said College and Halls. 

■'Skc. "2. The President and Professors of said College shall constitute a 
Faculty, witli llie [Kiwer of conferring Degrees in the Arts and Sciences, and 
of performing all sncli oilier acts as pertain to the Faculties of Colleges for the 
encouragenieul and reward of learning ; and the name and style by which the 
said Degrees siiall be conferred shall be that of ' The President and Professors 
of Kenyon College, in the State of Ohio.' 

'' Skc H. Tiie President and Professors of said Theological Seminary 
shall also constitute a Faculty, with the power of conferring Degrees in Tlie- 
ology, and of doing all such other acts as appertain to such Faculties for tlie 
encouragement of theological learning; and the name and style ])y whicii 
said Degrees shall be conferred shall be that of "The President and Profes- 
sors of the Tiieological Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio. 

"JAMES J. FAR AN, 

"Speaker of the House of Rejjrcsetilittives. 
" WILLIAM HAAVKINS, 

" March 2(1, 1S39." ' Spe<iker of the Senate. 

This legislative action was discussed by Bishop Mcllvaine liefore tlie 
Convention which met September 12, 1839. The Bishop declared that he 
desired the change of Presidency for his own sake and that of his Diocesan 
supervision; "but,'' he added, "I desire it only on condition that, in surren- 
dering the Presidency, the Bishop shall receive a substitute of authority quite 
equivalent for the purposes originally contemplated, only on condition that 
the College shall remain in its new position quite as much bound to be strictly 
Episcopal in its principles, and aims, and influences as it is at present bound 
to be; only on condition that, while such College shall be situated on the 
lands and in the buildings belonging to the Theological Seminary, whatever 
is now the property of said Seminary the Trustees shall not be permitted to 
make in any sense the property of the College." 

This matter of the constitutional changes necessary by reason of the new 
legislation, was referred to a committee of three clergymen and two laymen. 

The committee reported recommending three changes, which were sub- 
stantially adopted. 

By the first change, no officer of the Institution, except the Bisiiop, was 
thereafter eligible to a seat in the Board of Trustees. 

By tiie second change, it was provided that during the recess of the 
Board the Bisho]i should ))e the I'rudential Committee in all secular matters 
of the Institution. The Prudential Committee had been composed of the 
Bishop, Rev. l)rs. Sparrow and Wing, residing in (lambier, and three promi- 



48 KENYON COLLEGE. 



nent laymen residing in Mt. Vernon. Now the Bishop alone was to be in 
authority as business manager of the establishment. 

By the third change, it was provided that the President oi' the College 
sliould be appointed on the nomination of the Bishop of the Diocese; and 
" provided, also, that his Episcopal supervision and authority be understood as 
embracing the spiritual interests of the College and its preparatory schools, 
and that the present property of the said Seminary, whatever use the Trus- 
tees may permit the College to make of any part thereof, shall always remain 
exclusively the property of the Seminary." 

These constitutional changes were approved by the Board of Trustees, as 
was also the legislative act of 1839. 

i^isl|op Cl^ase 0ppo£.c!5 to tl]c (£l-jangcs 

Bishop Ciiase, however, opposed the separation between the Seminary 
and [College, and when he was called upon, with the other Bishops of llie 
Church, to sanction it, he stoutly refused, " believing it to be contrary to the 
fundamental law of tlie Seminary." (See Rem., vol. 2, p. ISO.) Even as late 
as 1849 he expressed strongly his feelings as to the separation in a document 
addressed to the Convention of the Diocese of Ohio, entitled, "An expedient 
of benevolence to save Kenyon College." (See the Motto for Sept. 20, 1849.) 
"If the Convention of Ohio agree," he said, "it will be good evidence, not- 
withstanding all tliat is past, that they are desirous to return to the original 
design., and wish to carry out the long approved plan of the Founder of the 
Theological Seminary, alias Kenyon College." 

His urgent requests were four: — 

1. That the legislative action of 1839, and the constitutional changes 
tlieu made, should be annulled, that so the Institution might be brought back 
to its original form and design. 

2. That the Bishop of the Diocese of Ohio should be the head and Presi- 
dent of tiie wlu)le Institution, and for this purpose reside on Gambler hill, 
either personally or by his representative, the Vice President. 

3. That there should be but one faculty of the Institution, empowered to 
confer degrees in theology and in the arts and sciences, all being clergymen. 

4. That the lands and tenements within a parallelogram containing nine 
hundred and sixty acres, should be all owned in fee simple by the corporation, 
thus to keep from the premises all gambling houses, dram shops, and other 
infamous dwellings, so detrimental to the morals of youth. 



^%t 




V_-- / 



> 



WiU. 




JAMES, LORD GAMBIER, ADMIRAI, OF THE HLFE. (See page 313.) 



ii 



KENYON C0LLE(;E. 49 



£lI]c Special donrontioii of 1842 

Tliis C'ouventioii was held in A'ewark, on the 2!tth of Deeemher. In Iiis 
call, Bishojj Mcllvaine said: "Our Diocesan institution at Gambier has, you 
wt'll know, been greatly embarassed with pecuniary difficulties Irom its earli- 
est history. These difficulties have now reached a crisis for which the Trus- 
tees have no means of jiroviding. In a short time, a large amount of debt 
must be disposed of, or a ruinous sacrilice of property must ensue. The insti- 
lulion is possessed ol' a trad of funr lliousaud acres of land, in the center of 
wiiich its buildings stand, and which was annexed to it as an endowment. 
S/i(tll the presvnt crisis be met by a sale of llui.t I a nil, or of an// pari thereof V^ 

The Bishop's address contained a full statement of the case. After much 
consideration, it was resolved by the Oonvention — 

"(1.) That the Rt. Eev., the Bishop of this Diocese be requested to 
midvc an etlbrt, in such manner as he may deem expedient, to procure pecuni- 
ary aid, by (hniation or loan, to relieve the institution at (Tambier from its 
l^resent eml)arrassnients. 

"(2.) That, in the opinion of this ('onventiou, it will be expedient and 
necessai-y for the Board of Trustees to sell the lands of the institution at Gam- 
bier whenever it is ascertained that efforts to raise funds by loans and dona- 
tions are found to be unavailing, and not liefore; jjrovided, that such portions 
be sold and in such mode and to such persons as may least contiict with the 
preservation of good morals in the vicinity of tlie institution." 

Bishop 2nc3Ii\iiTie'5 ^Earnest IPorb 

The Bishop went forth, iiearing his burden, entreating tor help. He 
called his plea "an earnest word." (See Sjiirit of Missions, August, 1843.) 
Looking back, he said that, " in order to obtain the benefit of a retired posi- 
tion, a large protective endowment of land, which, while affording a liarrier 
against injurious neighborhood, should have much growth to make in value, 
and tiius ultimately enhance the means of the institution, it was necessary to 
establish it on new ground, where no facilities were already furnished. 
Hence, where its buildings and its village and farms are now seen, there was 
only a forest without population when the institution was commenced. Had 
it been eret'ted in a town, there would have l)een no need of all the expendi- 
ture which has been required for the erection of a church, of professors' 
houses, ot' store houses, of farm-houses, and accommodations for all the people 
and (radcs which such an establislinieni i-e([uired. besides all the liuildings 



50 KENYON COLLE(iE. 



exclusively appropriated to education in its several branches — preparatory, 
undergraduate, and theological. None of these could be expected of those 
who were to use them, because they must all be on the lands of the corpora- 
tion, and every inhabitant a tenant at will. Hence, the peculiar plan of the 
institution in regard to locality, however important, was of necessity more 
than usually expensive in its immediate demands." 

Looking on, he said: "Tlie buildings owned by the institution are of no 
use for the payment of debt. They are worth nothing but for a college. We 
must keep them or perish. 

"Eastern colleges have large endowments or annual grants from the 
States for the support of instructors. We have nothing but our land. The 
sale of the land would be the death of the institution. Here, then, is Church 
pi-operty, valued at between $16.5,000 and $185,000, certain of being lost to 
the Church, to the cause of Christian education, the cause of tlie Gospel, if 
the friends of religion and learning do not come to its rescue. Nothing can be 
done by loan, because interest could not be paid. There is no shadotv of hope 
but in the raising of the debt of $30,000 by donation. This is the precise state 
of the case — alarming, painful, and, to me, most oppressive. Have compas- 
sion upon us, brethren ! Think on us for good, and make speed to help us ! " 

We should like to c[uote tlie whole of this earnest, burning plea. We 
wonder not tliat it was successful, and that the needed money was raised. 

Clscension fjall, anb Hen? profcssorsl^ips 

"About the year 1855" (see Dr. Bronson's Memento), "It became evident 
that increased accommodations would soon be needed for college students. 
This was deemed a just ground of application for friendly aid from abroad. 
With the demand for more room also arose a demand for an increase of pro- 
fessors. To obtain such aid, and meet these demands. Bishop Mcllvainc 
issued the following statement and appeal in behalf of Kenyon College : 

" Bishop McHvaine solicits the kind attention of his friends, and of all ' j 
who desire the extension of our Church in the West, to the following respect- ' : 
Jul appeal and statement. It is in behalf of Kenyon College, situated at Gam- 
bier, Ohio, under Trustees appointed by the Convention of that Diocese, and 
devoted to the promotion of Christian education, and more especially to that 
of candidates for the ministry in tlie Episcopal Church. For convenience, we 
here speak of the College and connected Theological Seminary, both of them 
at Gambler, and essentially united under the same trustees and corporation, 
under the one name of Kenyon College, because, altliough the corporate name 
is 'Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio,' the other is the name most 
familiar to the public. It is not to deliver this institution from debt that aid 



ICENYON COLLEGE. 51 



is now soiiiilit. There is no debt. But (here is an unprecedented i)i"Osperity, 
and iience arises the present necessity. Tiie present accommodations are so 
occupied witli students that there is i"oom for only a very few more. The 
nundier of midci'qrcuJvntes is between one hundred and forty and one hundred 
and lilty. It is a remarkable and cheering' fail, that of that number sewwi//- 
sci'cn are communicants, forty of whom are preparing to enter, when they 
graduate, on theological study for the ministry, while there is reason to expect 
that of the remainder many will make up their minds in the same direction. 
Ill these times of need as to laborers in (Jod's vineyard, how encouraging and 
important these facts. 

"Never before has Kcn\(iii ('ollege liccn the olijcct of so much attention 
Kasl and West as an institution to be relied u))iin by mcndiers of our (Jhurch 
for the education of tlicir sons. Never has there been so strong and wide a 
i'eeling among (dergy and laity that Kenyon Cidlege, iiowever local and I)io- 
c(>san as to its control, is National as to its importance and the usefulness to 
lie expected from it, and the interest that should center upon it. * * * 

"Then what does Kenyon need i' We answer: Means of Enlargi'tncnt. 
Ill what ' 

"First — In the number of its professorshiiis. It needs endowment for 
two professorships: one in the Theological Department, the other in the Un- 
dergraduate Course. 

"Secondly — Enlargement //; /(«//r///((/.s. * * * 

"Thirdly — Enlargement as to means of in.sfrnctlon. Suitalde apparatus 
for instruction in Chemistry, in Natural Philosojihy, and other departments of 
jdiysical sciences, is absolutely needed. 

"Fourthly — The means of providing residences for two prol'essors " * * 

This ajipeal met with a most generous response. 

i^ishop i^o^cI^i. Successful pleas for (5ainbier 

In 1S()4 Bishop Bedell began an earnest eti'ort to raise two hundred 
thousand dollars for the development of the Church's work in education at 
(iambier. His friends rallied to his support, and he was very successful. 

The elfort began in Ciiiciiinati with the publication of the following 
document : 

"Diocese oe Ohio, Cincinnati. May 7, 1864. 

"The Institutions at (iambier were founded by Bishop Chase, and perma- 
nently established by Bishop Mcllvaine. During forty years they have 
received contributions to the amount of $23.5.000; of this sum Ohio has con- 
tributed :ibout !|!'_'0,flO(). Three years ago a committee of laymen, considered 



52 KENYON COLLEGE. 



competent judges, estimated the property, in l)uildings, lands, and vested 
funds, as worth )ii2S2,i)S0. Under careful management the property has in- 
creased !)! 47,000 beyond the sum contributed. The vested funds, included 
above, amount to $92,000, yielding an income of a little more than 6 per cent. 
All the investments are subject to the approval of J. W. Andrews, of Colum- 
bus, Judge Hurd, of Mt. Vernon, and Kent Jarvis, of Massillon, a committee 
of the Trustees. The general management is confided by the convention to 
the Bjshops and a Boai-d of twelve Trustees, six of whom are laymen. With 
these means gradually accumulated and wisely husbanded, the Trustees have 
been carrying ibrward the purpose of tliese institutions, under a constant 
blessing from God. 

" The three departments, Theological Seminary, Kenyon College, and 
Grammar School, are well officered, and furnish thorough training. 

" But the need is felt for a still larger and more lil)eral education. We 
ought to furnish attractions and facilities for study in all departments of 
academical and scientific learning; keeping j^ace witli the rapid advance 
of our State in intellectual culture, preparing men for the highest walks of 
business and professional life, and laying a broad foundation for a highly cul- 
vated ministry. 

"The West demands sucli an institution; it is in tlie power of our Church 
to furnish it; we should appreciate the pi-ivileges of taking the lead in so 
nol^le a work, and we enter upon it with peculiar advantage, since we build 
upon a Ibundation already liberally laid. 

" We need a much greater endowment, and funds for developing the cab- 
inets and apparatus, and for rendering the library (at present mainly theolog- 
ical) more general. For these purposes it is proposed to raise $ 200,000. The 
first effort is to be made in Cincinnati. 

'• Feeling deeply its importance to the cause of sound education under 
tlie influence of religion, to the welfare of our State, and to the prosperity of 
our beloved Church, I rejoice that a committee of earnest friends of Gambler, 
have undertaken to present the subject in this city. Their names will be 
a guarantee that the project is discreet and promises success. I commend 
their appeal to your enlightened considei-ation, and I pray God, for the glory 
of Christ, to awaken a large-hearted liberality in Cincinnati toward these 
institutions. "Respectfully, q_ -y BEDELL 

"Assistant Bishop}-" 

" Cincinnati, May 6, 1864. 
" We have carefully examined the list of present investments of the 
funds of Kenyon College, which (independent of the lands and buildings 
appraised at $2-3.5,000) amount at par to $92,400; and we find that tliese 



KENYON COLLEGE. 53 



investments have been judiciously made. In our judiiinent and within our 
knowledge, we would state, tiiat so large an amount has rarely if ever been 
invested in the same period witii so little loss. 

•• ^\'e lurther state, that the management of the finances of Kenyon Co\- 
lege is intrusted to a committee of three gentlemen, whose experience and 
prudence entitle the friends of tlie insiiiution to feel the most entire and 
])erfect confidence in the safe and judicious administration of the funds now 
sought to be raised for the full endowment of the College and its Professor- 
>^liil>^- "LARZ ANDERSON, S. S. L'HOMMEDIEU, 

''RUFUS KIN(i, (J. TAYLOR, 

"E. T. OAKSOX, HENRY PROBASCO." 

The ellbri was continued in Philadelphia, New York, and Boston with 
most satisfactory results. The statement most frecpiently used was a written 
statement in the following words: 

•■ 1 aslv leave to lay before you a statement concerning a sul)ject in wiiich 
I think yon will be interested as one who desires the highest progress of tiie 
West, and as an Episcopalian; and in which I, as one of the Bishops of Oiiio, 
iiiiturally feel a deep concern. 

"As a In'ief preface to what I want to say, alhiw me to sketch the 

"'history of Till-: gajiuier institutions. 

" Al)out 45 years ago Bishop Chase obtained funds in England with which 
lie purchased 8,000 acres of land for an endowment of Episcopal schools in 
Oluo. Subsequently he erected Kenyon Hall. Ten years later the Trustees 
determined to sell a portion of the land in order to improve the remainder, 
and, indeed, to save the existence of the College. Their policy was successful. 
Tiie remainder of the land increased in value, and the College was saved. 
l!ut the aged Bishop left the Diocese. 

" Bishop Mcllvaine succeeded him, and built Rosse Chapel ; also Bexley 
Hall for theological students. Subsequently he built Ascension Hall lor the 
College, mainly by contributions of members of Ascension Church, New York. 
Houses were also completed for the Professors, and Milnor Hall to accommo- 
date the Grammar School. 

" By these various efibrts sutficient buildings were provided for students' 
rooms, lecture rooms, etc., for the three departments. Theological, T'repara- 
tory. and the College. 

"Other lands were sold, and occasional donations received. Whatever 
was not immediately needed for buildings was carefully invested, giving us a 
fund which yields interest at (i per cent, on .1;100,000. 

•• Before the war the average number of students in the College was 1'20. 
During the war about (JO left the College, either to volunteer, oi- to take tiie 



54 KEN YON COLLEGE, 



IDlace of elder brothers who had volunteered. Our late President Andrews 
was the first to raise a company in this State, and it has often been said by 
Governor Dennison that his energy, patriotism, and decision did much to fix 
the position of Ohio in the crisis. He became colonel of the Fourth Ohio 
Volunteers, and lost his life as the result of the Western Virginia campaigns. 

Wants. To instruct these young men in all the departments we employ 
four theological professors, five college professors, a principal and tutors at the 
Grammar School. The cost is far beyond the income of our fund, viz : $6,000. 
We are therefore obliged to charge comparatively high tuition fees, viz : $ 45. 

"But it is desirable to bring a thorough education within the reach of all 
who desire it. We aim, therefore, to reduce the College fees. For this pur- 
pose, as well as to secure the independence of the faculty in exercising disci- 
pline it is necessary that every professorship should be endowed. Twenty-five 
thousand dollars is the least endowment which will support a Professor. 

" But in order that our Church should exercise its rightful influence as a 
leader in Western education our Institution must be prepared to give instruc- 
tion in- all branches of complete culture. We need, therefore, to add a Pro- 
fessor of English Literature and Belles-lettres, and a Professor of Modern 
Languages who will teach Engineering. We also need to divide the over- 
crowded chair of Natural Philosophy, for Chemistry ought to l)e taught 
practically, especially in its relations to agriculture, and Geology in its re- 
tions to mining. 

"Besides these we need: 

" ]. A practical chemical laboratory, where students may study by prac- 
tice, as they are enabled to do at Yale, Harvard, Williams, University of 
Michigan, and elsewhere. This will cost $25,000. 

" 2. A college library. We have a good theological library of 7,000 
volumes, ])ut none for tlie College. A fund, the interest of which shall be 
expended annually, will he of far greater value to us than a similar sum 
expended in one year. If we might expend .$1,000 or $2,000 every year, the 
books would., be more judiciously selected, and the library be exceedingly 
valuable. 

"We have no library building; no building for our valuable mineralogical 
cabinet; no suitable observatory. 

" Without all these appliances no college can be considered in good work- 
ing order, nor can possibly take a commanding position. Two hundred 
thousand dollars will barely supply these needs, and yet we must be prepared 
at every point if we, as Episcopalians, are to be privileged to stamp the 
forming mind of the West with a high culture, and for God. 

■' Progress. Towards this sum we have already received a large sub- 
scription, as appears l)y the accompanying list. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 55 



"The object has been to complete endowments previously commenced, 
and next to obtain new endowments. 

''After thus providing for etticient and a tinished instruction, we desire to 
obtain a library, practical laboratory, and necessary buildings. 

"The object is so large that we can apply only to those who have large 
means, and the appeal can be successful only with those who take broad views 
of the importance of a finished education for directing the Western mind, and 
who appreciate the mission of our Church as a leader, and its privilege as thus 
impressing youths. All these young men ai'e brought directly under the in- 
lluence of religious teaching and under the guidance of our Church. Nor can 
I conceive of any more promising method of spreading and confirming 
Episcopacy in Ohio, nor any surer mode of recruiting our ministry from 
among the best young minds of the State. 

"With these views I lay this statement betbre you, trusting the facts to 
your considerate attention." 

Cunouiit of IlToncy (Bireii to the €^ucationaI VOovh at (Sambtcr 

The amount received througii Bishop Chase was about sixty-five thousand 
dollars, of which amount more than one-half was given in the United States. 

The amount received thi-ough Bishop Mcllvaine was about one hundred 
and filty thousand dollars. 

The amount received tiirough BisJiop Bedell has been about one hundred 
and seventy thousand dollars. 

The amount received through Rev. Dr. Sparrow was about five thousand 
dollars. 

The amount received througii Kev. Dr. Brooke was about eleven thousand 
dollars. 

The uHKiuiit received through Robert S. French, Esq., for the Cliinies 
Fund, was about five thousand dollars. 

The amount received through President Bodine has been about one hun- 
dred thousand dollars, given liy citizens of Ohio. 

(Il]e present financial Situation 

The real estate at (iamliier consists of the buildings belonging to the In- 
stitution, including "Old Kenyon," Ascension Hall, Rosse Hall, Hubbard 
Hall, the Church of the Holy Spirit, Bexley Hall, Milnor and Delano Halls, 
the College Hotel, and ten dwelling houses for Professors, in addition to about 
three hundred and fifty acres of land, remaining from the original i)urchase. 
Of the eight thousand acres bought of Wm. Hogg, the north section of four 
thousand acres was sold, part in 1832 and part in 1S37. The amount received 



50 KENYON COLLEGE. 



therefor was $22,500. In his circuhxr letter of March 23, 1826, Bishop Chase 
had said: " It is understood to be the wish of the Trustees of the Institution 
to retain but half of the eight thousand acres of land ; and it is hoped by the 
sale of the other half the original cost of the whole may be realized." Not 
allowing for interest, the original cost of the whole was more than realized — 
allowing for interest, it was not fully realized. 

In 1850, after much discussion, it was determined to sell most ol' the re- 
maining four thousand acres, and to invest the proceeds in an interest-bearing 
fund made permanently secure. The land was sold, some of it at once, and 
the rest in subsequent years. The two thousand and twenty-nine acres first 
sold (including some town lots) brought i|i 61,635.88. The estimated value 
of the remaining land was then $58,262.20. 

Unhappily, most of the money received from the sale of lands was not 
permanently invested, but was used piece-meal for general expenses. More 
than twenty-five thousand dollars went to the payment of old" debts. The 
annual expenditure continued to be, and in an increasing degree, much larger 
than the receipts, and this was partially met by the proceeds of the sale of 
lands. From 1857 to 1871, the "excess of expenditure above receipts of all 
fees and donations for expenses, exclusive of repairs and improvements," was 
$38,555.34. A new slate roof was put upon '' Old Kenyon," at an expense of 
more than eight thousand dollars. The report to the Convention says con- 
cisely, " This expenditure will be placed to the debit of our land account." A 
new school building was erected for the use of Milnor Hall at an expense of 
about five thousand dollars, charged to the same account. Bexley Hall and 
Ascension Hall were not in a finished condition. To complete these build- 
ings, and to put a new roof upon Eosse Chapel, about eight thousand dollars 
were used. Two additional Professors' houses were secured. No exact account 
is accessible of the expenses for ordinary repairs, but it is known that in the 
aggregate, it amounted to many thousands of dollars. 

The results of the '" land endowment " visible to-day, besides the com- 
Ijarativeiy \'e^' acres remaining unsold, are: (1) the two additional Professoi's' 
houses; (2) the improvements in Kenyon, Ascension, Milnor, and Bexley 
Halls; (3) about fifteen thousand dollars permanently invested in the endow- 
ments of the Milnor and Lewis, the Griswold, and the Bedell Professorships. 

In 1872, chiefly through the' exertions of A. H. Moss, Esq., and Judge M. 
M. Granger, there was a change of policy. It was resolved that thereafter the 
current expenses should not exceed the current income. During the last 
eighteen years it has been necessary to raise a great many thousand dollars 
to meet current expenses. But this has been done, and more, the Institution 
is now better off" hy a hundred thousand dollars than at the time when this 
resolve was made. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



According to tlie last liiiaiicial re])()rt (ISSD) the eiifin' pi-opci-ty of llie 
Institution is valued at iji 554,260.59 ; not counting certain valuable lots in 
( 'olunihus ; of this, $27T,!)75.()8 is the estimated value o1' tiie real estate, sf 10,100 
of the li))rary and apparatus, and .+ 2(>(j,185.51 was in the Treasurer's iiands in 
cash, stocks and bonds and bills receivable. 

or Ihe buildings, the central part of < )id Keiiyoii was erected by Bishop 
Chase, the wings b.y Bisliop Mcllvaine. Kossc Hall was begun by Bishop 
Ciia.se, but completed by Bishop Mcllvaine with I'unds secured in 1833. Mil- 
iior Hall (tile old building) was paid for through the gifts of 1833, as were 
most of tile Professors' houses. Bexley Hall was built through the liberality 
of English friends to Bishop Mcllvaine during his visit abroad in 1835. 

Most of the funds for the erection of Ascension Hall were obtained by 
Bishop Mcllvaine in 1857, chielly from members of tiie Ciiurcji ol' (he As- 
cension, New York. 

The Church of the Holy Spirit was erected in 1869, by members of this 
same Church as a token of their loving appreciation of Bishop Bedell who 
was for many years their Rector. To their gifts many thousand dollars were 
added for the beautifying of the sanctuary by the good Bishop and Mrs. Bedell. 

Delano Hall, erected in 1881. was tli,e gift of Hon. Columbus Delano, 
LL. D., secured through President Bodine. Hubbard Hall, erected in 1884, 
was the gift of Mi's. Ezra Bliss, also secured thniugh President Bodine. 

*"ist of ^£ll^omlncnts 

IN THE DIVINITV DEPARTMENT 

Milnor and Lewis, Profe-ssorship $25,000 00 

Griswokl, " 2.5,000 00 

Bedell, " 28,436 24 

Eleutheros Cooke, " 30,000 00 

Tot.al $ 108,436 24 

IN THE COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT 

Si)encor and VVolfo, ProfessorsJiip 1 25,000 00 

Ptabody, " 25,000 00 

Bowler, " 31,122 00 

Mcllvaine, " 13,900 00 

Tru.stees, " 3,000 00 

Boardnian, " , 1,500 00 

Alumni, " 1,615 00 

Total $ 101,137 00 

SPECIAL 

Vanghan, Library Fund .f .500 00 

HotVman, " " 5,000 00 

Belts, '^ " 1,000 00 



58 KENYON COLLEGE. 

Carried ova- « 6,500 00 

St. George's Hall Libraiy Fund 3,182 50 

Hanuah Move, Scholarship 1.205 55 

Clark, Scholarship 1.071 00 

Bedell, Lecture Fund 5.000 00 

Henry' B. Curtis, Scholarship Fund 15,360 07 

Bowler, Philosophical Fund 7,963 00 

Delano Astronomical Fund 1.000 00 

J. H. Mcllvaine, Scholarship 4,187 50 

Austin Badger, Scholarship 1,434 75 

Chimes Fund 500 00 

Ormsby Phillips Fund 1,000 00 

Total $48,404 37 

Certain valuable lots in the city of Columbus, donated by Hon. John W. Andrews, 
are not included in the foregoing. The bequest of live thousand dollars from the late 
Charles T. Wing, should also be added. 

This was originally the Milnor Prolessorship, Ibuiuled in 1829-30, and 
named in honor of Rev. Dr. Milnor, Rector ol 8t. Cieorge"s Ohurch, New York. 
His biographer tells ns that "his interest in Kenyon Oollege was great," and 
atlils that "among the various eftbrts lor the endowment of that institution, 
one resulted in founding 'The Milnor Professorship of Divinity." This pro- 
fessorship was endowed partly by members of St. George's, partly by Bishop 
Chase and his brother, and partly l)y individuals of 8t. Luke's, Rochester, 
and elsewhere; and the endowment was presented to Kenyon Oollege, subject 
to the condition that the nomination of the incumbent should reside in Dr. 
IMilnor during his natural life." The amount subscribed was ten thousand 
dollars, of which about seven thousand dollars was actually paid. The prin- 
cipal of the fund has always been held by the vestry of St. George's Church. 
Seven hundred dollars per annum was paid by this vestry to the Institution 
up to lS7-t. Then a friendly controversy arose, which was settled by the ves- 
try giving their bond to pay live hundred dollars annually upon the order of 
the incumbent of the Milnor Professorship. 

In the year 1867. the sum of nine thousand' four hundred dollars was 
received from the Executor of Mrs. Sarah Lewis, of Cincinnati, who had be- 
queathed ten thousand dollai's " to the Theological Seminary of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church, connected with Kenyon College, at Gambler, Ohio, for the 
purpose of founding and forever maintaining a I'rofessorship, to be called the 
Lewis Professorship, in such department of the theology and faith of the Pro- 
testant Episcopal Church as the Trustees of said Seminary may appoint." 
By vole of the Trustees this was added to the Milnor Professorship, to be 
thenceforth known as the Milnor and Lewis Professorship. The remaining 
live thousand six hundred dollars was taken from the general funds of the 
Institution. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 59 



ill]c (Brisiuolb Professorship 

This was rmimli'd in liS;")!, witli a jiift of ten thousand dollars IVoin Kcv, 
Archibald M. Morrison, then a student at tlie Alexandria Theolo.i?ic'al Semi- 
nary, as tlie (iriswold rrofessorshii) of i'astoi-al Divinity and Sacred Rhetoric, 
and named in honor of Hishoj) (iriswold. .Mr. .Morrison was careful to stipu- 
late lliat, to tlie y:reatest extent legally ])ossil)le, his endowment should lie jint 
upon " a distinctly evangelical footinsi," ami the continuance thereof •• made 
conditional upon such a state of things.'' 

Under date of September 22, 1S7(J, however, he communicated to the 
Trustees the following documeid. duly signed and sealed : 

"-1,200 Pink St., I'hii.adkm'hi.v. 
" To the TrusU'i's (if the TheotiKjii-dl Sendiuuij of Ihf f roles! < ail Episcojjdl Chiin-li of Uk iJioce.ie 
of Oldo and of Kenyan CoUeye : 

"Gentlemen — It being my wish and pur])ose hencefortli \(> /t/jrof/ir/n :i\\ 
and singular, the condit/oiis attached at its foundation to the endowment of 
the (iriswold rrofessorship of Biblical Literature, interjiretation and the 
Evidences of Christianity in your institution, to divest myself of any kind or 
degree of control over the said endowment, antl the same to vest solely and 
absolutely henceforth and forever in yourselves and your successors, as by law 
constituted, I hereby communicate^ to you over my signature my full {;onsenl 
and my will that henceforth all the conditions attached to the original gift and 
endowment, as found expressed at large in Articles 1. to IX., inclusive, of the 
Deed of Endowment, shall (U'teriuiue'^ rea.s(\ (ind become forever inoperatirc 
to the intent that the entire and sole control of the endowment shall hence- 
forth rest with yourselves as completely as though the gift had been from the 
first free, alisolute. and without conditions, and in witness thereof 1 hereunto 
set my sign manual and my seal at the place and date as above. 

"ARCim. M. MORRISCJN. |seai..| 

Seven hundred and twenty-five dollars was ()))tained for this Rrofessorshii) 
in 1S57. (See Dr. Hronson's Memento, page 68.) In 1863, Dr. Asa Colenuin 
gave to "the College at (Jambier," a thousand dollar bond of the Dayton and 
Mi(diigan R. R., to be held by the Trustees, and the proceeds ai)plied as 
Risliop Mcllvaine should direct, or the acting Bishop of the Diocese, reserving 
the privilege of the free insti'uction of any grandson of the donor at any future 
time. At tiie suggestion of Bishop Mcllvaine, the 1'rustees diri-cled that this 
donation shoidd be applied to the (iriswold Professorship fund. 

In 1864, a subscript i(»n of a thousand d(jllai's, made in 1857 by Nicholas 
Luquier, of Brooklyn, was ri'cei\cd. and. by direction of Bishoj) Mcllvaine, 
added to the (iriswold Fund. 



go KENYON COLLEGE. 



Ill 1866, a donation of ten thousand dollars, made by Robert H. Ives, of 
Providence, was used to increase the endowment of this Prol'essorship. Mr. 
Ives's letters bearing upon this subject are as follows : 

" Providbnce, May 23, 1865. 

'•My deak Bishop Bedkll — I take this mode to confirm my verbal en- 
gagement to you in behalf of Kenyon College, Ohio, with a view to co-operate 
in the important undertaking which you have entered upon of raising the sum 
of two hundred thousand dollars for that institution. 

" Whenever you have secured by gifts or responsible pledges the sum of 
one hundred and forty thousand dollars, I will add ten thousand dollars to 
make a total of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars for Kenyon College. 
This sum of ten thousand dollars not to be payable by me until three months 
hence, and reserving to myself the right to designate any specific appropria- 
tion which shall be approved by the proper college authority ; provided, how- 
ever, that the total aforesaid one hundred and fifty thousand dollars be secured 
prior to January, 1866. In the event of my decease, this pledge is hereby 
made obligatory upon my executors. 

" 1 remain very truly, your obedient friend, 

"EGBERT II. IVES.'" 

" Providence, September 7, 1865. 

" I write by this mail to M. White, Esq., Agent Gambler College, and 
enclose an order upon New York for $ 10,000 U. S. 7-30 bonds held for me, 
bearing interest from fifteenth June last. I have requested Mr. White, when 
he collects interest upon these bonds, to pay over to you the accrued interest, 
and to hold the bonds with subsequent interest for account of Gambler Col- 
lege, the same being in fulfillment of my pledge through j^ou to that 
institution." 

In 1867, tills endowment was increased to twenty-five thousand dollars 
from the general funds of the Institution. 

During most of the years since the establishment of the Professorship, it 
has been named in the catalogue as the Griswold Professorship of Biblical 
Literature and interpretation. In 1883, it was changed by vote of the Trus- 
tees, and is now the Griswold Professorsliip of Old Testament Instruction. 

CI7C Bebell professorst^tp 

This Professorship was named in honor of Rev. Dr. Gregory Townsend 
Bedell, of Philadelphia. It was begun by Bishop Mcllvaine. About seven 
thousand dollars were received in response to his efforts. For the completion 
of its endowment. Bishop Bedell received the following subscriptions: 

Thomas H. Powers .f 6,000 

William Welsh 1 OOO 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 61 



Jolin Bohlen 1.000 

C. M. Bohlen 1,000 

VV. A. Franciscus 1,000 

Joliu D. Taylor ."jOO 

Li-miiul Cofiia OOO 

John Wflsh 250 

A. G. Collin 200 

Churles E. Lux 100 

Tlic Mmuinil nece.ssary to increase this Prol'essorsliip to twcnly-livc tiioii- 
s.iihI (liillars was made up I'rom tiie general i'linds (if the Iiislitiilioii. ll was 
afterwards still I'lirllu'i- increased liy adtlitional gilts amounting to $ :2, 54*). ;i4 
received from Si. Andrew's ('liurch, riiiladelpliia, and Iiy a legacy of I S!K) 
fnim ^frs. (iumbes. 

Ill 1S(>0, tlu^ name given lo this rrdfessdrsliip was the " Be(U'll I'rofessor- 
ship (if Ei-clessi,-islical llislory." In ISHS, il liccame the'-Uedcll I'rofessor- 
sliij) (if I'astoral Theology," aiid so remaiiuMJ up lo ISSM, when, by vote of the 
Trustees, it became the "Bedell Professorshi]i of I'astoral Theology and New 
Testament Instruction." 

ilhc €leutbcros (£ooRc profcss.orsbtp 

This ProfessfU'shij) was estaldished l)y .lay Cooke, Esq., in honor of his 
falhcr, the late Hon. Eleutheros Cooke, of Stindusky. His original promise, 
wiiich was a conditional promise, was made to Bishop Bedell. The Bishoji's 
understanding of the promise was, that Mr. Cooke would give !|! 25,000 for the 
endowment of a Professorship in the Theological Seminary (the divinity 
department ). upon condition that three other Professorships in the Seminary 
(the Griswold. the ]\Iilnor, and the Bedell Professorships) should be fully 
endowed, each to the amount of $25,000, and that no other condition was 
made. The correspondence shows that Mr. Cooke had in his mind the com- 
pletion of six Professorships, which may have referred to both Seminary and 
College. Sucli was Dr. Bronson's interpretation of the understanding, made 
Id Mr. Cookt'. and by him accepted as satisfactory, before the funds were 
transferred to llie Institution. 

The letters written at the time show clearly that, in addilion Id Ihc honor 
Id be paid to his father's memory, Mr. Cooke desired — 

1st. To strengthen Cambier "in its noble position as an Evangelical 
institution." 

2d. To provide a lile-posilidu iil' dignity and usefulness I'or his friend and 
the friend ol' his father and mother, the Rev. Dr. Bronson. 

The money was w'ell invested by the donor, so that thirty thousand dol- 
lars became the pcnnaiient endowment. 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



The following document was received from Mr. Cooke in May, 18SS: 

''To the Board nf Trustees of the Theological Scminari/ of the Protestant Episcopal Church 
in the JJioccsc of Ohio: 

(Jentlemen — Whereas, in llie year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
dred and sixty-six, I gave to your institution tlie sum of thirty thousand dol- 
lars in Ijonds of the Warren & Franklin Railroad Company for the endowment 
of a Professorship, to be called the Eleutheros Cooke Professorship; and, 
whereas, there is not known to be in existence any document or paper which 
exactly states the conditions of this gift, I hereby declare that my purpose 
therein was — 

" 1st. To glorify Clod by the estalilishment of a fund to aid in the educa- 
tion of young men lor the Christian ministry at Gamliier. Ohio, my native 
State, under Evangelical teaching and influence. 

''2d. To lionor perpetually the memory of my father, Eleutheros Cooke. 
' •"?)([. To provide a position in which my honored friend, the Rev. Dr. 
Sherlock A. Bronson should be supported in usefulness for life, or so long as 
he retained in fair measure his strength and vigor. 

'' My expectations in this endowment have not hitherto been fully real- 
ized. Still, 'forgetting the things that are behind,' and influenced by a desire 
to have my donation accomjilish the largest usefulness practicable, I hereby 
declare, over my signature, my full consent and my will that any condition of 
the original gift which expressed or implied that the work to be done by the 
Eleutheros Cooke Professor, or by any other Professor in the Seminary, should 
be done exclusively in the divinity department of your institution, shall 
henceforth determine, cease, and become forever inoperative; and that the 
Board of Trustees of tlie Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the Diocese of Ohio may hereafter freely designate the work to be 
done by the occupant of the Eleutheros Cooke Professorship, not only in the 
divinity department, but also in the collegiate department of the institution 
under their control, as in their judgment may be deemed advisable in order 
to promote my wishes and the purposes of my donation. 

•• In witness whereof, I have hereunto placed my hand and seal, at Phila- 
delphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, on this Tth day of May, in the year of 
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight. 

"JAY COOKE, [seal.] 
" J. E. Fuller, 

"J. M. Butler. ]- Witnesses. 

"J. P. Hutchinson, 



KENYON COLLEGE. CP, 



dhc Spencer atl^ IPolfe professorship 

This \va- cstMlilislicd in l>:)S liy.I. I). Wdllc. Ksq., of New Y<iris. and his 
\vil(\ and \>y licr sisler, ^Irs. SjuMicf)-. It was oriiiinally the l.nrilhinl and 
Wolfe Prolessorsliip, ol' Menial and Moral Pliilosoj)liy. 'i'lie nanu' w as (•liani;<'d 
al the s]K>('ial reqnesl of Mrs. Spencer. 'IMie jiil't was lor llie coiiciiiale depart- 
incnl. il was, from lime to t ime, increased iiy llie donors, niil il, in jsi;"), it 
readied liic present amonnt. twenty-li\-e Ihonsand dollars. 

Che peabo^l^ professorship 

This was endowe(i liy (ieorjre I'ealiody. The foilowinit letter cxjdains his 
jiurpose therein : 

Zanesville, Novemher (1, ISdti. 

'/''( the Board of Trustees of the. Tlwological ISeniimiry nf the ProUslant Kiiisniinit Church in 
the Diocese of Ohio, and of Kcnyon College : 

"(Jentlemen — Out of a desire to mark my iiigli esteem anil warm rej^ard 
lor my friend. Bishop Mcllvaine, and, at the same time, to show my apj)reeia- 
tioii III' the course and advantages of the institution which has been so deeply 
indelited to his eilbrts, in this country ;ni<l abroad, and whose well'ar(> he has 
so mncii at heart, as w^ell as to assist in the promotion of useful learning by 
means of Kenyon College, I, in isf)!-!, made a codicil to my will lie((neathiug 
.t2r),000 to the College. 

" W'isiiing to carry out, before returning to England, certain chei-ished 
purposes for the lienetit of my native land, I now ofter and present to your 
lionorable liody, through Bishop Mcllvaine, that sum of twenty-tive tiiousand 
dollars as the endowment of a Professorship of Mathematics and Civil Engi- 
neering in said College, which shall have in charge the duty of instruction in 
the branches nf scientific learning thus designated, stipulating that tiie fund 
tlius pri'sented shall be ke])t safely invested in United States government. 
New York or Ohio State securities, and only the interest annually accruing 
tiiereon to be liable at any time to be expended." 

•■ Wishing, gentlemen, the blessing of Divine Providence upon your im- 
portant charge, and that Kenyon College may ever enjoy the highest prosperly 
and usefulness as one of the chief inst rumenis of lufiral and intellectual cul- 
ture in onr beloved country, .. j .,„|^ ^vjtj, gj-gat respect, 

"Your humble servant, 

"GEORGE PEABODY." 



(34 KENYON COLLEGE. 



iri]e 23oi»Icr professorstjtp 

In 18fi5 Mrs. Susan L. Bowler, of Cincinnati, convej^ed to Messrs. William 
Procter and George H. Pendleton certain valuable property in Cincinnati to 
be held by them in trust, and sold from time to time, until the amount of 
twenty-five thousand dollars should be obtained, and the sum so obtained, and 
any further sums thereafter accruing from the sales of the property, should be 
paid over to the Trustees of "The Theological Seminary of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio," to l)e appropriated to the endow- 
ment of a Professorship, to be called the Bowler Professorship of Natural 
Philosophy. 

The sum of money resulting from these sales of land, remitted to M. 
White, Treasurer, between July, 1870, and June, 1S82, amounted in all to 
$51,435.29. Under date of March 27, 1870, Mrs. Bowler had authorized the 
Trustees of the fund "to pay over to the proper officers of Kenyon College 
for the support of the Bowler Professorship all interest which may hereafter 
be realized on the proceeds of sales of said property, now in your hands, over 
and above the amount necessary for taxes and other charges." 

It was difficult to determine how much of this $51,1:35.29 should be re- 
garded as "interest" and how much should be set apart for a permanent fund. 

For abundant caution a friendly suit was instituted before the Superior 
Court of Cincinnati. By decree of this Court, dated April 25, 1884, it was 
ordered that $31,121.97 should be set apart as the endowment of this Profes- 
sorship, " and the income expended for no other purpose but preserving the 
said fund undiminished, and paying the said Bowler Professor of Natural 
Philosophy in Kenyon College such salary as from time to time shall be au- 
thorized and appropriated out of such income by the Trustees." The sum of 
$7,963.00 was also set apart as a separate fund, the income to be applied an- 
nually "to the purchase of apparatus and books appropriate for instruction in 
the department of Natural Philosophy in Kenyon College under the charge 
of said Bowler Professor." 

<Z\}i ilTc^lDaiiiG profesborsl^ip 

Por " a Professorship in Kenyon College to be called the Mcllvaine Pro- 
fessorship," the following sums were received from gentlemen in Cincinnati : 

Larz Anderson 1 5,000 

Henry Probasco 3,000 

Messrs. Kilgour 2,500 

Griffin Taylor 1 ,000 

Wm. Proctor 1^000 



ki;nyon college. (55 

S. S. L'Hominedieu 1,000 

Robert Mitchell 500 

R. B. Braunan 500 

E. T. Carson 200 

Benj. Honianti, Jv 100 

ill^' (Trustees' professorship 

Towards a 'J'nislees' rrolVssursliip Hishop Heilell, A. II. Moss, Es(|., ami 
Jud.ii'e JI. M. (iraiiger each conl i-iljiited a thousand dolhirs. 

<Iho ix^arbiiuin professorship 

Towards this Prolessorsliip a thousand doHars was given by Hon. Win. W. 
Hoardnian and five iumdred doUars by Wni. J. Boardnian, Esq. 

<Il]e cThiiniii professorship 

Towards this Professorship more I iian sixteen iiundred dollars have been 
given by the College Alnnmi. 

iihe rauakiii library ^un^ 

This is a fund ol' live hundred dollars received from the estate of the late 
Rev. John A. Vauglum, D. JJ., for the library of Kenyon College. 

CI]e fjoffman ^^utib 

The Hoffman Fund of five thousand dollars was given in 1867 by Frank 
E. Ricdimond, Esq., of Providence, R. I., for the library of Kenyon College. 

St. 05eoroie's lyill ^un^ 

This sum, amounting to more tlian three thousand dollars, was given, in 
1857, by St. George's Church, New York, to be increased to ten thousand dol- 
lars when the Trustees are ready to proceed with the building. (Dr. Bron- 
son's Memento, page 73.) In his Convention address in 1858, Bishop Mc- 
Ilvaine said : " The rest I look upon as quite as secure as if it were deposited 
in a liank to our credit." 

I'jannal] Illore 5cholcirsl]ip 

"The venerable 'Sirs. Hannah More, at the close of her life, remembered 
Ohio, and bequeathed to Sir Thomas Ackland two hundred pounds in trust for 
its Bishop; the particular object to be named by her Executor. It -was desig- 
nated as the foundation tor a sidiolarship in the Theological Seminary, the 
interest being always applicalile to the support of a student in that depart- 
ment." ( Memento, page 50. ) 



g6 KENYON COLLEGE. 



"Charles D. Betts, Esq., of New York, left, for chai'itable purposes, in the 
bands of Rev. Dr. Antlion, the sum of a thousand dollars. This sum was 
given by him, the interest of which is to be applied, under the direction of the 
Faculty, to the purchase of theological books." (Memento, page 66.) (See 
also Journal Diocese of Ohio, 1850, p. 16.) 

(ri]c ^ebcll €ecturesl]ip ^unb 

This is a fund of live thousand dollars, given by Bishop and Mrs. Bedell 
ibr the "establishment of a lecture or lectures in the Institutions at Gambier, 
on the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, or the Relations of Science 
and Religion." 

l^enry "S. Curtis 5cl]oIarship ^un& 

This is a fund of fifteen thousand dollars given " for the collegiate depart- 
ment" by the late Henry B. Curtis, LL. D., the income to be devoted to 
scholarships for the assistance of meritorious students, to be selected by the 
Faculty of the College. 

Cl^e Delano Ctstronomical ^nnb 

This is a fund of a thousand dollars given by Hon. Columbus Delano, 
LL. D., the income of which is to be used for the College Observatory. 

Clie 3- ^- HlcSIoainc Scbolarsl-jtp ^unb 

This scholarship in the Theological Department was founded by Bishop 
Mcllvaine, through a bequest in memory of a beloved son, who was deeply 
attached to Gambier. 

Cbc '^ol}n W. Qnbviws, 3^-, Scl^olarsljip ^unb 

The purpose of this fund, given by Hon. John W. Andrews, LL. D., is 
explained in the following letter: 

Bev. Dr. W. B. Bodine^ President : 

"My Dear Sir — I deliver to you herewith, for the benefit of Kenyon 
College, a deed for some real estate in the City of Columbus, which must, I 
think, in the course of a few years, have considerable value. My elder son, 
John W. Andrews, Jr., died in May last, and my wish- is to make such dispo- 
sition of this property as I have reason to suppose would have been most 



KENYON COLLEGE. (57 



gniteful to him. I request, tliereCore, tliat, the net annual income of the liind 
arising from the sale of these premises, which sale is left in all respects to tJie 
Trustees of the Seminary, shall be applied exclusively in aiding faithful, 
industrious young men of at least fair ability who, while pursuing their 
studies in Kenyon College, may need pecuniary aid: such application of the 
income of said, fund to ))e always under the ((introl of the Faculty of said 
College, and subject to such rules and regulations as they may prescribe. 

"Trusting that this gift, in memory of my son, may prove of some value 
in furthering the work of sound Christian i<'ai'ning, in which he always mani- 
fcslcd a deep interest, 

'"I am, my dear sir, mosl truly yours, 

"CoL.MiUTs, February 12. issi. "•f<»II^^ W. ANDREWS." 

(Ibc pldtt i^eiicMct ^lul^ 

By llu> will of the \;i\v I'lalt Benedict, of Xorwalk, his store-room in 
"W'hiltlesy Block was left in trust to the Wardens and Vestry of St. Paul's 
('liin-ch in that city, the annual income of which should be paid over, "one- 
lil'lh ])art to the proper authorities of Kenyon College, to aid in the sup])orl 
anil educalidu of young men preparing themselves for the ministry in the 
theological department of said College." 

(El]e ©rmsbij pl]tlltps ^unb 

This is a fund of a thousand dollars established by Mr. and Mrs. Bakewell 
Phillips, of Pittsburgh, to be loaned, from time to time, to a superior student 
who is pre])aring for the ministry. 

<Il]e cTustin 25abacr 5cl]oIarsbip 

This is a fund, l)equeathed l)y the late Austin Badger, of Medina, "to the 
Trustees of Kenyon College, at Gambier, Ohio, the income to be expended in 
defraying the expenses of such dependent and needy students in said College, 
preparing for the ministry in the Protestant Episcopal Church, as said Board 

of Trustees may designate." 

(The dluirlcs (L. lV'uK\ ^^unb 

This fund cdines through a bequest of the late Charles T. Wing, of New 
York. 

The following is an extract from Mr. ^\'iug's will, and explains the piu-- 
pose of the donation : 

"1 give and l)e(|neath unto llic Trnslces of Kenyon College, of which I 
am a graduate, at (iamliicr. Knox Count v. ( >lii(i. and to their successors in 



68 KENYON COLLEGE. 



office, in trust, the sum of five thousand dollars, to be invested and re -invested 
at their discretion; the annual income whereof shall be expended, under their 
direction, in beautifying the streets and suburbs of Gambler, my native vil- 
lage, in the planting of trees, turf, and shrubs, but not in grading or other 
work usually performed by the local authorities ; provided, however, that a 
sufficient sum be first used for the neat and orderly preservation of that por- 
tion of ground occupied by the graves of my dear parents, my brothers, and 
my sisters at Gambler.'" 

^Extracts from a Statement anb clppeal in ^el|alf of lienyon 
dollege, G. D. ^882, Signed by 

Bishop G. T. Bedell Cleveland^ Ohio. 

Mr. a. H. Moss Sandusky, Ohio. 

Ex-Gov. H. P. Baldwin Detroit, Mich. 

Ex-Gov. J. W. Stevenson Covington., Ky. 

Hon. Rufus King '. . . . Cincinnati., ■ Ohio. 

Pres. Wm. B. Bodine Gambier, Ohio. 

Committee of the Board of Tmstees. 

" Kenyon (Jollege was one of the first educational instit-utions established 
in the West. It has been in existence but little more than half a century, yet 
it has already accomplished great things. The sons of Kenyon have reached 
and filled positions of the highest eminence and the largest usefulness in 
Church and state.'' 

" To-day Kenyon has a splendid foundation in its unsurpassed location, 
its superior buildings, its reputation for thorough work. Nothing is needed 
but development that Kenyon may become the peer of any college in the 
country." 

" A great college, however, cannot be made without large gifts of money. 
Colleges are like hospitals in that they do not so much depend upon fees as 
upon endowments. All our great colleges are largely endowed." 

" Kenyon College has now property and endowments valued at nearly 
five hundred thousand dollars. In natural beauty its college park is unex- 
celled in the United States. Its buildings are architecturally attractive, as 
well as permanent in sti'ucture. Bishop Coxe (than whom in matters of taste 
no better judge could well be found), writes of 'the massive dignity of Ascen- 
sion Hall and the Church of the Holy Spirit, as not unworthy of Oxford or 
Cambridge.' " 

" The cause of higher education is of the very first importance. In a land 
like ours one moves the masses bv moving; tlie leaders. How necessary, then. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



that those who are to be leaders sliould be wisely guided and riiilitly trained, 
liiat so 'peace and happiness, truth and justice, religion and piety may l)e 
establisiied among ns for all generations.' " 

" In our Eastern States this is now widely felt and largely recognized, so 
that public-spirited and liberal citizens of those States have of late contributed 
millions of dollars to their leading colleges. Increased facilities have thus 
been provided, and great advances have been made. Has not the time come 
for a lil^e movement in this portion of our country, which is now its centre of 
population, and which is already great in manufacturing establishments, in 
agricultural resources and mineral treasure, and also in accumulated capital?" 

" Tlie foundations at (Jaml)ier were laid in faith and prayer. Our fathers 
liave built wisely thereupon. We are called to carry on their work. Kenyon 
CiilU'ge 1(1 day offers a splendid foundation for a great educational institution. 
Lcl ( he superstructure speedily rise for tiie good of man and the glory of God." 

(£om^ncll^atory IPorbi. 

FROM EX-PRESIDENT HAYES. 

'' Kenyon College is now out of debt. Its property and endowments 
amount to about a half a million dollars. Its location is central and accessi- 
ble, and in a region of unusual healthtulness and beauty. It is upon sudi a 
liasis liiat all who contribute to its endowment fund may contidently expect 
tliat their <lonations will essentially advance tiie cause of thorough moral and 
inlelleclual training in our country." 

FROM I'HIEE .JUSTICE WAITE. 

'' I congratulate you on the improved condition of things at Gambler. I 
felt sure last summer that you would be successful in your efforts to get more 
students, and you know it was my prophecy that money would come if you 
got the boys. There is no reason why Kenyon should not become the leading 
Ki)iscopal College in the United States, and I cannot but believe that, if your 
liealth and strength are spared, you will make it so. Trinity is overshadowed 
by Vale and Harvard, while Kenyon stands comparatively by itself in an open 
Held. The objection once made to its type of churchinanship no longer exists, 
and liiere is no reason in the world why all should not unite to help you in 
.the work you have so well l)egun. It gave me very great pleasure to hear of 
liie donalions you have received from Mr. Delano, Mrs. Bliss, and others, and 
you may rest assured they are Ijut the forerunners of more that are to come. 
Vou deserve success, and ought not to be ])ermitte(l to fail for want of money." 



70 KENYON COLLEGE. 



FROM GENERAL SHERMAN. 

* * * '' Surely it is time for Ohio to take a prominent part in univer- 
sity education, as prominent as she has fairly earned in the highest branches 
of political and military government, and no place in the State is more appro- 
priately located, or is surrounded by more beautiful rural scenery than Gam- 
bier ; therefore, although I have no claims on Kenyon College, or she on me, I 
■ wish her all honor, glory, and success." 

FROM MR. JUSTICE SWAYNE. 

" I know no institution more deserving, and none where money can be 
applied with more beneficial results. Nothing is wanting but pecuniary 
means to enable it at once to take a commanding position, and to exercise a 
very large influence for good throughout the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys, and 
the Northwestern States of the Union. The foundations, well laid, already 
exist ; only the superstructure is wanting. Those who give may rest assured 
that the money will be wisely and well applied, and faithfully according to 
the direction of the donors." 

FROM HON. .JOHN SHERMAN. 

" Your letter of yesterday, calling my attention to the efforts about to be 
made to advance the growth and to increase the endowment of Kenyon Col- 
lege, has been received. I heartily sj^mpathize with this movement. I con- 
sider the location, surroundings, buildings, and condition of Kenyon College 
as among the most favorable in Ohio. It would in my opinion have been 
wiser to have had fewer colleges in our State, and to have concentrated our 
efforts to the foundation and support of one or two universities. With the 
growing wealth and population of Ohio, we may yet hope that from our pres- 
ent colleges one or two such universities may spring, where students may 
gather in greater numbers than the founding of our colleges will allow, and 
where they will have the advantages of the highest culture, and the assistance 
of the ablest- professors. Kenyon College has many advantages. Besides its 
unsurpassed location, it has a history of which we may all be proud. It has 
furnished fa'om among its presidents, professors, and graduates some of the 
most distinguished citizens of our State and Country. While it is the chief 
institution of the Episcopal Church of Ohio, if has always been conducted 
with a spirit of just and generous toleration for all forms of religious belief. 
I therefore will heartily second your efforts for its further endowment." 

FROM HON. GEORGE H. PENDLETON. 

"I am rejoiced to hear of the increasing prosperity of Kenyon College. 
I am told by my good friends in the Board, that in the number of students, as 



KENYON COLLEGE. 71 



well as ill response to appeals lor aid, the a\vakeiiiii>i interest of the jteople ol' 
our State is very manifest. 

"■ The history of the foundation of Kenyon College endears it to all Epis- 
copalians. Its graduates, eminent in the State and in the Nation, have made 
its honored name familar at many firesides. Its exceptional advantages of 
location, combining so much of beauty of scenery and healthfulness of climate, 
commend it as the home of studious, aspiring youth. The broad and liberal 
si)irit in which its theological doctrines have been taught has disarmed all 
sectarian oi^position. 

" I congratulate you most sincerely that your assiduous lalior and self- 
denying devotion has been already so successful. 

" I am sure that this is the beginning of the full measure of success which 
will eventually, I trust very soon, crown your efibrts." 

FROM ilON. WILLIAM WINDOM. 

" Kenyon (Jollege is well known to me, inasmuch as my youth was spent 
in Knox County, and so I grew up under the shadow of the College. Your 
College park is one of the loveliest spots on earth, and there are few things 
that would give me more pleasure than to revisit the place, with which are 
associated so many happy memories. You have every advantage at Gambler 
for the upl)uilding of a great educational institution. Your location, your 
buildings, your record, are all of the best. I hope that you will be successful 
in your eft"orts to strengthen and enlarge the influence of the College l)y adding 
to your endowment fund.'' 

FROM REV. DR. 11. DYER. 

" If I had any life and strength in me I should like to take hold and make 
dear old Kenyon all that it is capable of being made. With its beautiful 
situation, attractive buildings, and favorable surroundings it ought to be and 
can be made the best and grandest educational establishment west of the 
Allegheny Mountains. God grant it." 

The following from the editorial columns of the Cincinnat! Gazette was 
written by Hon. Richard Smith immediately upon his return from the Com- 
mencement exercises of 1881 : 

'* Gambler is one of the best locations in the country for a tirst-class edu- 
cational institution, and rich men ought to rally to its support. If the latter 
who want to do something for the public while they live would visit (Tarabier, 
we feel sure that an income of one hundred thousand dollars annually would 
be speedily assured; if it could be made double that sum, as it ought to be, 
then the \\'est could coiii])ete successfully with Yale, Harvaid, and Princeton. 



72 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



Gentlemen who have money they can spare ought to take this matter into 
serious consideration. The President of Kenyon is deeply in earnest, and if 
Mr. Bodine is properly sustained, the institution is bound to flourish." 

Extract from the remarks of Hon. Stanley Matthews at the Commence- 
ment exercises, June 24, 1880 : 

" I take great pleasure in embracing the opportunity now ofl'ered me of 
expressing in brief words the very great delight I have experienced in this 
visit to these old scenes. I rejoice especially in the power of the visible 
aspects of Kenyon as I now see her, for, in addition to the buildings which 
have been added, I think I have discovered here the presence of something 
worth more to Kenyon even than her buildings, and that is the spirit of a new 
life which will make buildings where forests only grow. I feel very proud 
that I am a graduate of Kenyon. I feel very proud of Ohio. I am a Buckeye, 
even of the second generation, and I am glad that all my education, academic 
and professional, was received from institutions of Ohio. Here, at Gambler, I 
received the best and most lasting impressions of my life. The formation of 
whatever character I have was laid in these halls, and, therefore, it would 
rejoice me beyond measui'e to see Kenyon not only living and prospering, but 
growing to be great and commanding — the institution of the centre of the 
West. There is no reason why this should not be; there are many reasons 
why it ought to be ; tliere are many reasons why I think it will be." 

At the Commencemet exercises of 1881, there were present Ex-President 
Hayes, Hon. John Sherman, Hon. Columbus Delano, Murat Halstead, Esq., 
and Richard Smith, Esq., editors of the Ciiicinnati Commercial Oazette; 
John King, Jr., now President of the Erie Railroad ; Hon. Theodore Cook, 
and other distinguislied visitors. All expressed themselves as greatly 
charmed with the inspiring views and pure, bracing air of Gambler, and tlie 
beautiful and massive buildings of Kenyon College. 

Among other things President Hayes said 

A TRUE AND EARNEST WORD TO CHURCHMEN. 

" The force, the aggressiveness, the influence of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in this central region of the West is fast hound up with Kenyon Col- 
lege. This Church ivill be a poxner for good in these States in proportion as 
Keiigon College is made strong and commanding. 

VOhai Kenyon (Eollegc Heebs Co=bay, G. D. 1890 

For the Endowment of the Professorship of the Latin Language and 
Literature, $ 30,000. 

For tlie Endowment of the Professorship of the Greek Language and 
■ Literature. !{! 30.000. 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 73 



For the P]iido\vmeiit of the Professorsliip oC Moileru L;uii;iia,!ies, $30,000. 
For the increase of the Endowinent of (he IMcIlv^iiac I'mfessorsliip ol' the 
English Language and Literature, 1 15.000. 

For the endowment of a new Professorsliip of Hiological Science, .1;30,000. 
In addition to tiiese endowments for professorships ])eriiai)s the greatest 
l)resent need of Kenyon College is: 

money for Scholarsl^tps 

The word scholarship, as thus used, is defined by Webster to mean 
"maintenance for a scholar; foundation for tlie support of a student." 

The great Universities of Oxford and ('aml)ri(lge in England count amonii' 
their most valuable possessions endowments for several hundred scholarships. 
iSome of these scholarships perpetuate the memory of men and women who 
have been dead for many centuries, but who yet have lived and sp(jken 
llirough the well-trained men they have helped to educate. 

The scholarship endowments of some of the Xew England colleges are 
as follows : 

Harvard $ 350,000 Brown 1 140,000 

Yale 1300,000 Williams .$120,000 

Amlierst 1 200,000 Dartmouth 1 100,000 

The scholarship Endowments of Cornell University are very large, and 
were founded through the liberality of the Hon. Ezra Cornell, John ;\lc(ira\v, 
Esq., the Hon. Henry W. Sage, (he Hon. Hiram Sil)ley, and (lie Hon. .Vndrew 
1). White. 

At Johns Hopkins University there are twenty fellowships, each yielding 
$500 and free tuition; twenty university scholarshij^s, each yielding $200 
without free tuition; twenty ordinary Hopkins scholarships, each yielding i'vee 
tuition, and eighteen honorary Ho])kins scholarships, each yielding $ i'50 and 
free ttiidon. 

Through (he lil)erality of the Hon. Henry B. Curtis and the Hon. John 
VV'. Andrews, Kenyon College is in possession of scholarship funds amounting 
to about (wenty-iive thousand dollars. It is greatly to be desired that these 
funds shall be increased. The endowment of a scholarship may vary from 
one thousand to five thousand dollars. The ordinary sum for such an endow- 
ment in Kenyon College shotUd l>e about three thousand dollars. For one 
who has lost a son by death, and who desires to perpetuate his memory and 
his usefidness on earth, what moiv litting memorial could possibly he found! 



74 ICENYON COLLEGE. 



Hec>. Dr. Bronson on Scl^olarsl^ips 

A cLuarter of a century ago the Rev. Dr. S. A. Eronsoii delivered an ad- 
dress during commencement week at Gambier, in which lie sketched what he 
hoped might some day come to pass : 

" Under the control of the Trustees or Faculty of this Institution, or of a 
board of fellows, constituted for the purpose, is the income arising from 
$1,000,000. This would support two hundred students and enable them to 
pay well their professors and tutors and all other necessary conveniences for 
study. These students are furnished and the I'unds for their support provided 
in a way something like this: A benevolent person in Mt. Vernon, for in- 
stance, has accumulated some means, and as liie draws to a close, instead of 
leaving it all to be the ruin of his family, he gives to the Vestry of St. Paul's 
Church, .t 5,000, the interest of which is to be paid to the best student in Knox 
County, to maintain him through a full course of study at Kenyon College, 
the examination and the award to be made by the faculty or board of fellows. 
* * * Let the same thing that is supposed to have taken place in St. 
Paul's, Mt. Vernon, be extended to all parts of Ohio, and life, spirit, and 
ambition will be infused into every school in the State. * * * The 
institution that shall secure one, two, or three hundred such foundations, and 
the church that shall be blest with such an institution, will si and far above all 
others in the land." 

Ought we not to have at Gambier scholarships for boys from Cincinnati, 
Cleveland, Columbus, Toledo, Dayton, Akron, Sandusky, Youngstown, Spring- 
field, and other cities and towns of Ohio, endowed bj^ wealthy men and women 
living in these towns and cities, and open for competition to students of high 
character? A liberal donor could thus help at once his own city, a deserving 
youth, and the cause of human progress. 

5cl]oIarsl)tps at fjarixirb 

The report of President Elliot of Harvard College, ibr 1877-78, gives 
much valuable information concerning the beneficial results of scholarships. 
Letters were written to about two hundred and fifty persons, who had received 
aid from scholarships during their college course at Harvard. The letters writ- 
ten in reply "give a very strong impression of the general respectability, use- 
fulness, and worth of the writers as a body. The letters almost unanimously 
express a sense of obligation for a great benefit enjoyed, a belief that scholar- 
ships at Harvard were good for the writers and are useful to the college and 



KENYON COLLEGE. 75 



llu' pulili(\ and a purpose to repay, or traiisiiiit to ollieis, lli(> hciicrai'tidii 
received." 

A lew liriel' extracts tVoiii J'residenl Kllinl's report will he read willi 
interest : 

"The earliest l)enefit which schohirshijjs confer is the inspiration of a 
iiojie. The hope of getting a scholarship carries many young men to college 
wjio, without a hope, would never — to their k)ss and that of the college and 
the community — have tried to get a liberal education." 

"The incuml)ents of scliolarsliijjs, il' ot herwise they would he |)('uniless or 
UHudi straitened, are relieved of anxieties, distresses, humiliations, or hard 
slu])s, which at the best are serious impediments to study, and which have 
often been so extensive as to endanger bodily or mental health. They relieve 
young men from wearing anxiety al)()ut the necessaries of life, and enable 
them to live cond'ortably enough to study." 

•'The existence of scholarships in the college is a great comfort to parents 
who were themselves well educated but whose means are scanty ; and when 
the sons of such parents actually win scholarships, the income therefrom 
relieves what would otherwise be the distressing burden of their college ex- 
penses. ' Mine,' says one, ' was of great hel]) to my lather, a cdergyman. living 
on a moderate salary." " 

" It is the general testimony of the men who have held scholarships, thai 
the acceptance of the aid did not inipaii' their self-respect, or exert any other 
unfavorable influence upon their character and lives. A scholarship is gener- 
ally regarded as an honorable prize to be won, as an inceidive to exertion, 
and a just reward of fidelity."'' 

"When a highly cultivated man, whose whole life has apparently been 
determined by the nature of his education, says of himself, 'my life has been 
very materially intiuenced by my holding a scholarship; I should not have 
entered college if I had not lieen assured, in advance, of receiving one; and 
without that assistance I should not have been able to finish ray course,' he 
describes an obligation which can only be compared with the debt every one 
owes to father and mother." 

••The greater part of the letters received from the men wlm have held 
Harvard scholarships, contain strong expressions of gratitude; but the record 
of their honorable and useful lives already shows, although still short anil in- 
coni])lete, that scholarship endowments yield a sure and rich return in services 
ren<lered to the public."" 



76 KENYON COLLEGE 



5cI]oIarsl]tps at Kcityon 

The following letters bearing upon the subject of Seholarshijjs in Kenyoii 
College are interesting and valuable : 

from ex-president hayes. 

'' State of Ohio, Executive Department, 
■'Columbus, 12th June, 1868. 

"My Dear Sir — Since I saw you on Commencement day, I have been 
thinking of the project you named to me of establishing a system of prizes, 
by which a few of the best scholars in the public schools of the State would 
liave an opportunity of obtaining a liberal education at Kenyon College. The 
more I think of it, the more desirous I am that the plan should have a fair 
trial. There can be no doubt of its success, if some public spirited and liberal 
friend of education, and of Kenyon College, can be induced to furnish the 
funds. Our public schools are now excellent, and are improving. The offer 
of such an inducement as you suggest will put a large number of their scholars 
diligently to work preparing to compete for the scholarships. Any gentleman 
who desires to do a great good, and at the same time to have his name widely 
and permanently cherished in connection with a most meritorious public bene- 
faction, will hardly find a better way of doing it, than the one which you 
propose. I feel an especial interest in it both for the sake of our public 
schools, and for much loved old Kenyon. If in any way I can aid you, do not 

hesitate to call on me. 

" Verv respectfullv your friend, 

"K. B. HAYES. 
" Rt. Rev. G. T. Bedell, Gambler, 0." 

FROM BISHOP KERFOOT. 

" Bishop's Home, No. 11 Cliff Street, 
" Pittsburgh, March 27, 1879. 

"My Dear Dr. Bodine — I am very decided in my opinion that scholar- 
ships ought to be always prizes, won either in competitive examinations, or, 
what would be better, by record of absolute, not merely comparative, excel- 
lence. If any young man cannot prove his real excellence and intellectual 
power, the Church had better leave him as a pious layman to become a doctor, 
lawyer, a merchant or mechanic, and not tempt mediocrity to try to enter the 
ministry to her loss and his own. I would give a scholarship, or society 
stipend, to a promising young man in real, but yet not too severe examination 



KENYON COLLEGE. 77 



TO STAKT WITH ; but stringent demands of excellenfe each year afterwards are 
essential to any wise dispensation of sucli helps. Umisual moral force and 
conscience will quicken any solid youth to reach such demands on his l)rain ; 
il' not — if his heart and head together can not or do not bring him up to the 
hi^iliiT line — the Church does wrong to encourage or sustain him in seeking 
till' niinisn-y. ff \\ be (lliis I ddulil ) that tlius some pious soul whd iniglil 
<l<i gddil in llie ministry is not duly helped — then his usual zeal will win 
unusual imliviilual help, but no wise si/s/cin will emlirace Ids case. I hesitate 
:iii()ii) s|H',-iking cunlidenlly as to the condition of 'need' coming in. Hut I 
very much incline to the idea lliat (■(ini]>e1i(ivc prizes sliouhl be open to ti// 
who will compete. This makes j)rizes honorable in every sense, and they 
would be generally won by the plucky, talented, religious youth, who seeks 
the ministry. Anyhow, we don't want many who could not, or would not win. 
College youths for years past have said — with some reason — that the future 
parsons in their classes, whose piety was tlieir sole merit, were generally 
feeble fellows, without pluck, force, or brain. Exact ci'cellence, absolute or 
comparative, year by year, and we will win men worth ordaining, and other 
men will esteem the ministry more duly and seek it at their own cost. 

'• Yerv trnlv vours, 

J. B. KERFOOT." 

REV. DR. STANGER ON SCHOLARSHIPS AT KENYON. 

A few years ago a prominent clergyman, an alumnus of Kenyon (College, 
in a communication to the Standard of the Cross, said: 'There are many 
churchmen within the bounds of the dioceses directly interested in Kenyon 
who might immediately establish such scholarships to be under the wise con- 
trol of the faculty of the institution. And, let me say further, there are many 
of the alumni of the college who, having been trained to think and act within 
her halls, have gone forth into useful and successful lives in the world, might, 
and we think ought to, consider seriously whether it is not possible for them 
now or hereafter to place such a memorial in Kenyon. I am free to confess 
that I believe there are many of us who owe so much to her loving care and 
training that we are morally obligated to work towards this end.' " 

BISHOP I!E1)ETJ,"S PERSONAL TESTIMONY. 

" While reading what you press on the subject of Scholarships, it occured 
lo nie that, so far as now appears, I owe my education, and, consequently, my 
present opportunity of influence and work for our Lord Christ and his Church, 
to the aid given me by Scholarships. P^xcept for the small amount which I 
made as private tutor in I'hiladelphia during one year, I am indebted entirely 
to liic Church lor twelve years" instruction in school, college, and theological 



78 KENYON COLLEGE. 



seminary. Nor do forty years of work in the interests of the Church diminish 
my sense of obligation to Dr. Muhlenberg, and others like-minded in Phila- 
delphia, who cared for me then. Surely, if any one may plead the cause of 
Scholarships at Gambler, I may. You have not said one word too much or 
too earnestly. I pray God that many a Christian and many a Churchman Avill 
be led by your words to establish for both the College and Theological Semi- 
nary these fountains of opportunity." 

ilho 5u^^cn an^ 'Caroic PcDcIopineitt of Cafaycttc (£olIcac 

Lafayette College at Easton, Pennsylvania, is an old college under the 
control of the Pres.byterian synod of Philadelphia. For many years its classes 
were small indeed. So very small were tliey that in 1863 it -was strongly 
urged upon the Board of Trustees to close the college doors. At that date the 
total available income was reported at not more than $ 4,000. 

What a change has since been wrought I Splendid buildings have sprum: 
up, and the number of students has increased tenfold. But why i Because 
Ario Pardee and other benevolent gentlemen, realizing the stewardship of 
wealth, have given thousands and hundreds of thousands of dollars to bless 
humanity througli the large development of a great educational institution. 

€btx)tn m. Stanton 

Edwin M. Stanton once said : " If I am anything or have done anything 
in the way of usefulness, I owe it to Kenyou College." Does not the college 
which so trained Edwin M. Stanton, the college in which his gifted son, Edwin 
L. Stanton, was the valedictorian of his class, and which both father and son 
devotedly loved, deserve well of his countrymen ? In the dark days of our 
civil war Edwin M. Stanton wielded tremendous power for the good of his 
country. He labored unselfishly and untiringly, with herculean mind and 
will, and Ave -share the fruit of his labors. Ought there not to be some fitting 
memorial of Stanton at Kenyou College '. 

S)cnxi\ IDintor Davis 

Henry AVinter Davis was another gifted son of Kenyon. He has well 
been called " tlie most accomplished parliamentary orator of his generation." 
But more than this, he was the friend oi' the down-trodden and the oppressed, 
the eloquent apostle of truth and righteousness. In the halls of Congress he 
served his country magnificently well. There ought also to be some suitable 
memorial of him at Kenvon. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 70 



And so oC David Davis, United Stales Supreme Judge, and Senator IVoni 
Illinois, and tlie intimate friend of Aliraiiam Lincoln. 

And so of Stanley Matthews, also I'nited States vSuprenie Judge and 
Senator. 

And so also of many who have tilled less conspicuous places than these 
and other great sons of Ktnyon, but who were faithful as College students, 
and who filled useful places in life, and whose memory is dear to friends and 
relatives; brave, true, nolde men who have helped to make tlie world better 
than they found it. 

Kenyon College is rei)eating today the experience of Harvai'd, Val(>, and 
Princeton HIty years ago — an experience of insulficient means and of an 
earnest struggle for an adequate endowment. In the Eastern colleges the 
struggle has been successful. Let ns see to it that it shall lie similarly suc- 
cessful in the case of Kenyon College. 

|Fi-om the Ciiifinruiti D^iily (iazctli-, January 30, 188','. ] 

(Due (Ohio (£olloac — Koiiijon's cTcbicromcnts cln^ prospects — i^giher 

£biicatioix itt cTmcrica — cRifts of 3n^iln^uclIs to (£ollccnos — 

Kenyott's Higl?t to "Cecib in i£oIlcaiatc €bucatioit in ®l]io 

The Rev. Dr. Bodine, I'resident of Kenyon College, conducted the service 
and preached in Christ (P. E.) Church, East Fourth street, yesterday morning, 
a sermon that was intended to be rather a statement of the prospects of Ken- 
yon College. The attendance was large, and the; music, as usual, very fine. 
Alter the service Dr. Bodine spoke as follows: 

I wish to speak to you to-day, my friends, about a matter which I am 
wont to present from time to time, as opportunity offers, to intelligent and 
Christian men and women — a matter about which in times past I have said 
something from this place, but which I wish this morning to discuss with 
greater plainness and fullness. I mean the matter of Christian education as 
that work is being carried on at Gambler. I am frank to say that this work 
interests me deeply, and that it concerns me; but it also concerns you. It is 
not my work alone. The men who laid the foundation of this Church in Ohio, 
the men who have given of their toil and their means and prayers for the 
Church and for humanity, have been the men who have cared most for Gam- 
bier. I believe this to be the most important single work in which our Church 
is at this time engaged — in the language of ex-President Hayes, used at our 
last commencement: ''The force, the aggressiveness, the influence, of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church in this central region of the West is fast bound 
\\\i with Kenyon Colleiie. This Church will be a power for good in these 



80 KENYON COLLEGE. 



States in proportion as Kenyon College is made strong and commanding." 
In my judgment Gambler sustains to our Church's life in this part of our 
country very much the same relation that the heart sustains to the body. Let 
the life pulses beat vigorously at this Church center and there will be " more 
life and fuller" in all our churches and in all our parishes. 

As some of you know, I have been relieved from all administrative duties 
at Gambier for some months to come, that I may give my time and energy to 
the I'urtherance of an effort which is being made to procure tor Kenyon Col- 
lege the money which is needed for its present development. In connection 
with this work I have reached the conclusion that it will be of value if I try 
to tell the story of the needs and claims of Gambier to some of our 
congregations. 

The truth is that this matter of the Church's duty to the cause of educa- 
tion has not been brought before our people as it ought to have been, and the 
result is that misconceptions, altogether natural and excusable, abound. For 
example, it seems to be not generally known and understood that a college is 
founded and must be carried on, not alone upon business principles, but upon 
benevolence. Our colleges are not self-supporting an}'' more than our hos- 
pitals are self-supporting. A college can not begin its life, nor can it continue 
its life, without gifts from the State or from wealthy men ; in a Avord, without 
endowments or gifts of money a college can not exist. I do not know of a 
single self-supporting college in the United States or in Europe. 

WHO SHOULD SUPPORT COLLEGES? 

This being so. the question arises, who ought to help our colleges — the 
State, or wealthy individuals, or both ? 

A glance at the history of higlier education in our land will throw light 
upon this question. 

Harvard is the oldest of our American colleges. It was established in the 
year 1636 by an act of the Legislature of the colony of Massachusetts Bay, 
appropriating thereto the sum of £400. To us this sum seems very small 
wherewith to begin to found a college; but it was larger than an entire year's 
taxes for the colony. Thousands then were comparatively greater than mil- 
lions to-day. 

In the year 1638 John Harvard, a young clei-gyman, was called to his rest. 
More than half of his property (300 books and £800 in money) he bequeathed 
to this infant college. He was a wise and cultured man, and knew the value 
of education. He was a greathearted man withal, and longed to bless his 
fellow-men. He dreamed not of undying fame; but the fame is his. By this 
one act he has made himself immortal upon the earth. The name of Harvard 
College was at once fixed upnii. The money which he left was verily a god- 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



81 



send; l)iit besides, his example was weiglity and contagious. The magistrates 
snhscriljed £200. The common people gladly followed. One reads with 
curions interest to-day the list of some of their gifts — a fruit .lisli, a sugar 
si)oon, five shillings. Their gifts were small; hut like the widow's mite, some 
of them to-day are, no doubt, remembered in heaven. 

Harvard College was thus in tiie ])eginning aide.! by the Stale, and also 
l>y individual men and women. Until long after the revolution yearly grants 
were made by the Legislature; l)u( lei it be noted that whereas the State has 
given to Harvard College an aggregate of several hundreds of thousands of 
of dollars, individual men and women have given as many millions. 

In the year 1700 several Congregational ministers met in New Haven. 
Kach had brought with him a few books, concerning which he said as he laid 
llicm upon the table: "I give these books for founding a college in Con- 
necticut."" 

<iov. Yale, a distinguished Englishman, gave friendly aid, and thus the 
name was given Vale College. Bishop Berkeley did even more for the college 
than Cov. Yale. Other friends followed, and the Legislature of Connecticut 
at once granted an annuity of ffiO. 

The history of Princeton and Columbia, and of the other older colleges of 
our land, is much the same. No one of them has ever been self-supporting. 
Tiiey have been aided by the State, and more largely by benevolent and 
pliilanthropic men. 

The older educational institutions of our land were none of them either 
sujijiorted or controlled exclusively by the State— clergymen had much to do 
Willi l)oth their establishment and guidance. A godly and well trained min- 
istry was looked upon as a thing of primary concern. Moreover, it was 
accejited as a principle true for all callings and professions — 

" Ti.s uducation forms the common mind, 
Just as the twig is l^ent the tree's inclined." 

And, tlierefore, these men, noble, self-sacrificing men, gave of their labor and 
llieir wealth for collegiate education. 

So far as I know, the first professorship founded by a single individual 
was that established in Harvard in the year 1760 by Thomas Hancock. All 
liniior to his name. Much larger gifts have since been' made, but none more 
wortliy of the highest praise. Such men as he were the first to appreciate the 
worth ol' education, both to the individual himself and to the nation he is 
called to serve. The example of such men has been largely followed ; so that 
to ilay the stream of benificence toward education flows like a mighty river; 
bill let us not forget tlie little rivulets among the hills from which all our 
ginry and success in higher ediicatiiin have come. 



82 ICENYON COLLEGE. 



GIFTS TO COLLEGES. 

I notice that, according to the report of the Commissioner of Education, 
in a recent year more than $12,000,000 were given to our American colleges- 
No wonder that some of these colleges are becoming strong. Look at the list 
of their endowments to-day. I give them in round numbers: 

Cohimbia (all schools) $5,000,000 

Harvaid (all schools) 4,000,000 

Johns Hopkins 3,000,000 

Lehigh University 2,000,000 

Cornell 1,500,000 

Princeton 1,000,000 

Yale 1,000,000 

[Note — By judicious investments the endowments at Cornell have been 
increased to more than five millions.] 

And others reaching well up toward a full round million. And how munifi- 
cent have been the gifts of individual men and women : 

George Peabody $ 5,000,000 

Johns Hopkins 3,000,000 

Judge Asa Packer 3,000,000 

Isaac Rich 3,000,000 

Mrs. Valeria G. Stone 1,500,000 

Henry F. Durant 1,000,000 

John C. Green 1,000,000 

Samuel Williston 1,000,000 

While I'eaching up into the hundreds of thousands, we have such names as 
Ezra Cornell, Henry W. Sage, Jos. E. Sheffield, Ario Pardee, Nathaniel 
Thaj'er, Judge Tajjpan WentM^orth, W. W. Corcoran, Sophie Smith, Erastus 
Corning, Wm. Thaw, Thos. A. Scott, Amasa Stone, of Cleveland, who has but 
recently given $500,000 to an Ohio college, and Alexander Agassiz. 

Such, men give dignity to wealth and ennoble the possession thereof. Well 
has Lieber said that to "call such gifts princely, or even imperial, were simply 
to use a sinking figure of speech. Princes never bestow such gifts of that 
which is their own. May we not call it American republican munificence?" 

The Father of his Country set a good example in this regard. After pro- 
viding for his wife, and giying direction for the manumission of his slaves, he 
proceeds in his will, first, to give $4,000 to an academj^ in Alexandria, and 
then to dispose of his shares in the James River and Potomac companies 
(which had been given to him by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and the par 
value of which was $35,000) for educational purposes, part to Liberty Hall 
Acadeni}^ and part to a University. 

John Adams, the second President of the LTnited States, bequeathed to 
tlie academy at Quincy a lot of land and his library of more than 2,000 
volumes. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 83 



And over the grave ol' Uie third, rresident of the United States you can 
read to-day these words: "Here was buried Thomas Jelferson, autlior of tlie 
Declaration of Independence, of tlie statute ol' Virginia for reliirioiis freedom, 
and I'ounder of the ['niversity of Viriiiiiia." 

All) TO OHIO COLLEGES. 

Tlie men wlio laid tlu' Iniinil.itidn of our iinverninent were men who knew 
the wortli of ediicalidn. It is nol, (licn'fore to he wondered at that. when in 
ITS") the ordinance for the government of the JS'orthwest Territory was passed 
it should have contained this noteworthy provision: "Iteligion, morality, 
II ml knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of 
in.inkind, schools and the means of education shall be forever encouraged." 
In iiccordance with this provision, as you know, certain sections of land were 
scl .ipiirt tor the support of common schools; and a grant of a township of 
hind was made to the ( )liio University at Athens, and a similar grant to Miami 
I'liiversity at Oxford. Then followed the charter of Kenyon College, and then 
ill iinler Western Reserve, Granville, Marietta, Oberlin. and Delaware. 

The State of Ohio has done something in the matter of gifts for collegiate 
('(Incation. but individuals have done vastly more. Patriotic iiiid philanthropic 
men and women have thus far given $5,000,000 in all to our leading colleges; 
so that to-day, in the matter of endowments for collegiate and university edu- 
cation, Ohio stands fourth among the States — (1) New York, (2) Pennsylva- 
nia, (3) Massachusetts, (4) Ohio, (5) Illinois. 

Concerning the future of collegiate education in Ohio, this much, I think, 
may fairly be said: Beyond question, we are going to have several strong 
colleges in Ohio, and these colleges must be amply endowed. Ohio has to-day 
more than 3,000,000 of iieople, while New England has 4.000,000. Now, New 
England has at least ten colleges, some of which we recognize as great, and 
all of which we deem respectable. If New England sustains ten good col 
leges, can not Ohio sustain six or eight 'i 

However, this is to me and to you a matter not of primary concern. The 
question for us to settle, a question in which we ought to have a deep and 
abiding interest, is, whether Episcopalians of Ohio Jiud the contiguous States 
can not make Kenyon College strong and great, and whether we ought not to 
do so at once. Now concerning this question as thus expressed there can be 
no ])ossible doubt. It must be answered in the affirmative. 

POSSESSIONS OF KENYON COLLEGE. 

Let us look for ;i inoinent at wind Kenyon College has to-day : 
First of all, Kenyon ( 'ollegi' h;is nciiuired :i right to live; and more than 
this, a riiiht |o load in rollcgiate ('iliicalion in ()liio. Uidess a college lo-dav 



84 KENYON COLLEGE. 



starts with an immense endowment fund, running up into tlie millions, the 
question of continued and useful existence is very doubtful. Simply to settle 
the question whether the college has a right to live must ordinarily take a 
quarter or half a century. This has been already settled for us at Gambier. 
We are alive to-day, hearty and vigorous, ready and eager to push toward a 
splendid success. In one word, we have a history, and we have a constitu- 
ency. Let a new paper start in Cincinnati to-morrow. With large capital it 
might succeed, but without it, never. Such newspapers as the Gazette, and 
Commercial^ and Enquirer have acquired the right to live, and with advancing 
years to grow stronger and stronger. They were founded long ago, and have 
pushed their way with difficulties great and apparently almost insurmountable 
before them, but with an unfaltering courage that never knows defeat. Just 
so with our greater colleges. Their first years must be years of conflict and 
struggle, but if they bear this conflict well, if they conquer in the struggle, 
then large success must surely come. Spealdng simply as a business man. 
interested in higher education, I would not take to-day, half a million dollars 
for the good will of Kenyou College. Besides this, however, we have the best 
buildings belonging to any college in Ohio, the best location, and a fair begin- 
ning in the way of endowment. And more; as John Sherman puts it: "Be- 
sides its unsurpassed location, it has a histors" of which we may all be proud. 
It has furnished some of the most distinguished citizens of our State and 
country." Yes, indeed, Kenyon College has a record ; a splendid record. Men 
who love their country will not willingly let die a college that bears upon its 
rolls such names as President Hayes, and David Davis, and Stanley ilatthews. 
Edwin M. Stanton, and Henry Winter Davis, that peerless parliamentary 
orator. Kenyon's sons, good and true, are to-day filling positions of honor 
and trust both in Church and State. 

My friends and fellow Churchmen, the truth of the matter is that we have 
to-day a splendid opportunity at Gambier for doing great things in education. 
and so helping to lift our work to a level of far higher usefulness. As Chief 
Justice Waite says : " There is no reason why Kenyon College should not 
become the leading Episcopal college in the United States." In New England 
we began too late ; in the Middle States we failed for years to occupy the 
ground ; but in Ohio we began among the first, and to-day we stand confess- 
edly among the foremost in the race. Let us push forward with still greater 
vigor, and great glory shall be ours; while on the other hand, let us 
but fold our arms in lazy lock and we must ignominiously fall behind. A col- 
lege must have a constituency. It must have a governing body, an organiza- 
tion that is responsible for its control and support. We have a few successful 
State institutions in our land — not many — the danger of falling a prey to 
self-seeking politicians has been too great. So, almost naturally, the control 



KENYON COLLEGE. 85 



III' colley.iate ediiciitioii has passed into the liaiids ol' tliose (•oniiected witli 
some one ol' the dill'erent religious bodies of our hind. Harvard is controlled 
liy Unitarians, Yale liy Congrejfationalists, Princeton by Presbyterians, Colum- 
liia, by Churchmen, and, in Ohio, our leading colleges have each given a con- 
I rolling interest to some one of our great religious bodies. We might possibly 
wisli that this were otherwise, but our wishes will not avail. It is too late, 
even if it were desirable, for the State to take control of collegiate or univer- 
sity education in Ohio — our leading colleges will not pass under State control. 
Alliens and Oxford are beacon lights to warn from this. They will continue 
lo be controlled by men of intelligence, chosen either for their religious belief 
or their weight of character, or both combined. The Methodists realize this, 
and are pushing forward vigorously. The Presbyterians are not asleep. The 
IJaptists are fairly wide awake. Some years ago Mr. Parney and a few others 
in Dayton gave them $75,000 towards .$200,000, which was raised for an en- 
dowment. And, witlun a year past, I am told that they have raised $200,000 
more. Western Reserve College moves to Cleveland, and one generous man 
gives half a million. And shall nothing be done for Kenyon, or next to nolli 
iiigi' With the vast wealth belonging to Churchmen, shall we fail to do our 
sliare, and thus lose the vantage ground, which, beyond question, we now 
havei* Are we less patriotic, less intelligent, less benevolent than other men? 
There are a dozen men of large wealth iu Cincinnati who, if led to give to 
any collegiate institution, would naturally choose to give to Kenyon College. 
1 can not but believe that if such men could realize what other wealthy men 
ill various parts of our land have been doing, and what an impetus to our good 
work at Gambler would come with added means, they would speedily deter- 
mine to build in connection with Kenyon College an educational monument 
liiat would stand for light and strength all through the ages. We are today 
at Gambler like some great mill owner who has secured a magnificent site, 
with water power almost limitless, has put up splendid buildings, and yet 
lacks for machinery. Fifty per cent, of added capital would quadruple that 
machinery, and so bring a fourfold return. Our property and endowments at 
Gambier to-day amount to half a million dollars. Give us the additional 
quarter million our Trustees appeal for. and four times the good can be done 
lliat would be otherwise accomplished. To stand still with us is ruin. To go 
back ought not for a moment to be thought of. The only voice that should 
ring in our ears is the voice of the great Father above: "Speak unto the 
children of Israel, that they go forward."' 

CONSIDER.\TIONS IN GIVING. 

II remains for nie to speak of tlie considerations by which in giving of our 
money, our interest, or our prayers, to this higher education we sliould be 
fliiellv moved. 



86 KENYON COLLEGE. 



I appeal to you, first as citizens of Ohio. I appeal to all, because all have 
some intluence, and all can give something of value. 

Beyond question Ohio is a great State — great in the influence of her pub- 
lic men, great in her agricultui'al resources and mineral treasure, great also in 
her accumulated capital. She has to-day a larger pojjulation than the United 
States had at the time of the revolution. In the words of E. D. Mansfield : 
"Ohio will at no remote period reach nearly the density of Belgium, which 
will give her nearly 10.000,000 of people. Long before another centur\' shall 
have passed by, the single State of Ohio will present four-fold the population 
with which the thirteen States began their independence, more wealth than 
the entire Union now has, greater universities than any now in the country, 
and a development of arts and manufactures which the world now knows 
nothing of." 

Ohio will have — must have — ^great colleges and universities. Let us see 
to it that they come quickly, for they are greatly needed to-day. The sons of 
Ohio, in the main, must 1-eceive their education at home. The rule is that 
young men must, mostly, go to college at some place near at hand. Three- 
fourths of the graduates of Harvard College are natives of New England. Of 
the 830 at present in College, 500 are from Massachusetts. Three-fourths 
of Princeton's sons have, I suj)pose, been born within a radius of a hundred 
miles. And so, largely, with the alumni of Yale and Columbia. These pro- 
portions have changed somewhat of late, but I fancy that for generations yet 
to come they must continue much the same. The last Harvard Catalogue has 
among its undergraduates the names of twenty-three who are from Ohio. 
There are probably 100 Ohio studentsin the leading Eastern colleges, whereas 
there are not less than 1,500 or pos'sibly even 2,000 Ohio young men attending 
our Ohio colleges. Stanley Matthews said, not very long ago: "I feel very 
proud that I am a graduate of Kenyon. I feel very proud of Ohio. I am a 
Buckeye, even of the second generation, and I am glad that all my education, 
academic and professional, was received from institutions of Ohio." Either 
i'rom choice -or necessity Ohio's sons will mainly be educated in Ohio. And 
will you not see to it, my friends, that some of these j^oung men have given 
to them opportunities for the very best educational training? In your judg- 
ment is there anything too good for the sons of Ohio to receive at home? Aw 
you proud of Ohio, arid do you desire the continuance of her present strengtli 
and glory? Then see ye to it that in education she shall continue to advance 
and prosper. 

THE WELFARE OF SOCIETY. 

I appeal to you in the second place, as intelligent men, interested in (he 
welfare of society, and. having strong personal interests at stake, interests thai 
concern yourselves and vour children. 



KENYON COLLEGE. S7 



"Forty millions at your tirst century,"' said Prof. Huxley, in his address 
;it the opening of the Johns Hopkins University; "at the second, two hundred 
millions. 'You and your descendants will have to ascertain whether this great 
mass will hold together. As population thickens in your cities, and the pres- 
sure of want is felt, the gaunt specters of pauperism will stalk among you, 
and Communism and Socialism will claim to be heard. Truly America has a 
great future before her — great in toil, in care, and in responsibility; great 
in true glory, if she be guided in wisdom and righteousness; great in sliauu', 
il' she fail. It is for the highest interest of mankind that you should succeed. 
Hut the one condition of success, your sole safeguard, is the moral worth and 
inlellectual clearness of the individual citizen. Now, education can not give 
llicsc, but it may cherish them and bring them to the front, and the universi- 
ties may be and ought to be the fortresses of the higher life of the nation." 

I believe this, my friends; 1 believe, moreover, that in a land like ours 
one guides and controls the masses by guiding and controling their leaders. 
Where are we to look for our future Congressmen and Senators, our profes- 
sional men, our editors, and our judges? Where, but to our colleges'^ A large 
])ortion of these leaders in times past have been college men, and so it will be 
in the days to come. Your property interests are going to be aflected by the 
actions of these men. And can you afi'ord to neglect to help an educational 
institution at your very doors, which has claims upon you, and which labors to 
u])hold the standard of thorough mental training and high and noble char- 
acter? A Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States recently testified: 
"At (Jambier I received the best and most lasting impressions of my life. The 
formation of whatever character I have was laid in these halls." 11 must 
ordinarily be so. The days of college life are critical days. The seed of truth 
and honor and righteousness sown then bears fruit in after life an liuuilrc(l 
fold. As good citizens, simply, we ought to do what we can to help in this 
work of higher education. 

THE LIFE HEREAFTER. 

I appeal to you in the third place as men who are not going to live here 
on earth ibrever; as men pressing on to the eternal life beyond. "Make to 
yourselves friends," says our Divine Master. I quote from the revised version, 
" Make to yourselves friends by means of the mammon of unrighteousness, 
that when it shall fail they (that is, the friends whom you have made) may 
receive you into the eternal tabernacles." The time is coming when lor 
each one of you the power of money shall fail. Death will call, and there- 
after you can not use your money as you choose. Meanwhile, says Christ, 
make to yourselves friends with your money, that when your hold of il shall 
cease, and your feet press the cold, dark river, these friends may l>e waiting to 
receive vou on the other side. I l)elieve, mvself, that tiiere will lie many an 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



unexpected meeting in the heavenly land that will bring great joy. A gentle- 
man wrote me a note one day after listening to a sermon which had impressed 
him, in which he said that if he did not meet me again on earth, he should 
make it his business to look for me in heaven. 1 was naturally amused by the 
form of expression, but after all, 1 could not doubt that the man had the right 
idea. There are men whom I have never seen on earth whom I love. I ex- 
pect to meet them, and know them, and tell them of my gratitude and affec- 
tion in the better life beyond the grave. There are men whose writings have 
been to me a light in darkness. There are men whose noble lives have in- 
spired me and cheered me on. I have never seen them here, but I shall see 
them and thank them in the great hereafter. Qualities of intellect and heart 
may thus leave their impression after one has passed away from earth, and 
money may do the same. The Bible never underrates money. It always 
recognizes its tremendous power. But it does warn men against covetousness, 
which is idolatry. It urges men to be its master, and not its slave, and it does 
tell them most earnestly of a bank of deposit which can never fail, though the 
earth be removed and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the 
sea. It tells them that treasure used for noble and unselfish ends is so much 
treasure laid up in heaven. 

Edward Everett has beautifully said : " Well does the example of John 
Harvard teach us that what is thus given away is in reality the portion best 
saved and longest kept. In the public trusts to which it is confided it is safe 
as far as anything human is safe from the vicissitudes to which all else is ' 
subject. Here neither private extravagance can squander, nor personal 
necessity exhaust it. Here it will not perish with the poor clay to whose 
natural wants it would else have been appropriated. Here, unconsumed 
itself, it will feed the hunger of the mind, the only thing on earth that never 
dies, and endure and do good for ages after the donor himself has ceased to 
live in aught but his benefactions." 

I should like to be able to give money that would help young men to get 
an education through all generations. I am sure of the gratitude and the 
service with which they would amply repay me in the ages to come. If I 
were rich, I believe that I should feel as Samuel Williston did when he gave his 
hundreds of thousands of dollars, and wrote : " Believing that the image and 
glory of an allwise and holy God are most brightly reflected in the knowledge 
and holiness of his rational creatures, and that the best interests of our coun- 
try, the Church, and the world are all involved in the intelligence, virtue, and 
piety of the rising generation ; desiring, also, if possible, to bring into exist- 
ence some permanent agency that shall live when I am dead, and extend my 
usefulness to remote ages, I have thought that I could in no other way more 
effectually sei've God or my fellow men than by devoting a portion of the 



KENYON COLLEGE. §9 



properly He lias iiiveii iiie to the estalilishineiit and ample ondowmeiit of an 
institution for the intellectual, moral, and reliitiou.s education of youth." 
Ah, my fi'iends, endowments like that outlast the ajies ! 

cm RCIl.MKX .\NI) CUKISTI.\N8. 

I appeal to you, lastly, as Churchmen, and as ('hristians. When Henry 
Clay's last earthly days had come, he said that there were two things that 
irave him hope for the future of our lancL Tlie one was the Supreme Court of 
the United States. The other was the Protestant Episcopal Church. This 
Church is our heritage — a heritage enriched with the wisdom and the jjiety of 
eighteen Christian centuries. No Church is so well qualified to take the lead 
in higher education. Gov. Dennison tells me that Mr. Lincoln said to him one 
day : " It is very reinarkal)le that so many members of my Cabinet have been 
Episcopalians — Seward, Cliase, Stanton, Blair, Father Welles, yourself, all 
Episcopalians." As you know, iriends, this Church is attracting to itself more 
and more of such men, and when they do not themselves go so far as to leave 
the religious bodies with which they have been connected, how olten do we 
hear them say, " If I had my life to go over again I should join the Episcopal 
Church, and I should l)e glad to see my children memliers of that Church to- 
day." This (.Uiurch of ours is a grand bulwark of lilierty and righteousness. 
It is the Church that holds fast to the form of sound words. The value of its 
liturgical service is being more appi'eciated every day. And it is beginning 
to be found out that it is the " roomiest Church in Christendom." It does not 
put its communicants into a straight jacket. It does not require their assent 
to a complicated system of religious doctrine. It simply asks them if they 
))elieve the articles of the Christian faith, as contained in the Apostles' Creed, 
and pledges them to strive through God's help to obediently keep His com- 
mandments. In a word, this Church is catholic, broad, liberal, and at the 
same lime soundly and thoroughly Christian. Our young men must be edu- 
cated under the intluence of some religious teaching. Let us rejoice that we 
are able to give them the best. Well do our Trustees say in their appeal: 
" C:hristian character is worth more than any measure of mental endowment, 
worth more as a personal possession, worth more as an outward intluence, 
worth more even as mercantile capital. In these days of rich insolvencies, 
and respectable defalcations, and cultured embezzlements, real Christian char- 
acter is to be more and more at a premium. In too many of our colleges 
Christianity is overlooked, and in too many others it is so presented that it does 
not attract the noblest natures, nor do the best work. AVhen rightly appre- 
hended it is an adequate cause ibr the production of all that is strongest, and 
truest, and bravest, and noblest in human character. It ought to be so pre- 
sented that it will be seen to be such a (uiuse, and felt to be such a cause. 
We believe that it is so i)resented at (ianil)ier."' Kenyon College thus 



90 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



appeals very strongly to Churchmen. Our men of means should rejoice 
to be able to help so good a cause. But, more than this, there must be 
men outside the pale of any C'hurch, who have money they would like 
to use to bless their fellow men, and help their country. I wish that 
such men might be led to consider the great value of this foundation 
which has been already laid by Kenyon College. Upon tiiis foundation 
let them build their enduring monuments. The Trustees of Kenyon College 
have always been among the best men of Ohio. Our leading business 
men and lawyers (one of tliem now Chief Justice of the United States) have 
been glad to give of their time and brains and elforts for the good of this grand 
old college. As it has been in the past, so will it be also in the future. The 
man who gives to Kenyon has, in the character of the men who do and will 
control it, the very best guarantee that his money will be, in the language of 
Mr. Justice Swayne, " wisely and well applied, and faithfully, according to 
the direction of the donor." 

COLLEGES OF THE WEST. 

I have spoken this morning chiefly to men of Ohio. In doing so it is pos- 
sible that I may have given the impression that Kenyon College is exclusively | 
an Ohio institution. But I rejoice to say it is now much more. Within a year! 
Trustees have been elected from Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia, j 
and Western Pennsylvania, and to-day such men as Gov. Stevenson, of Ken- 
tucky, and Gov. Baldwin, of Michigan, are cordially working with our Ohio ] 
Trustees that we may all speedily soe Kenyon, in the words of Stanley Mat- 
thews, " not only living and prospering, but growing to be great and command- 
ing — the institution of the center of the AVest." "There is no reason," he 
adds, "why this should not be; there are many reasons why it ought to l)e; 
there are many reasons why I think it will be." 

Our outlook before has never been anything like so good as it is to-day. 
Our students are rapidly increasing in numbers. There has been a gain of 
more than 100 per cent, within three years. Our friends seem to be waking 
up to a realization of the immense worth of Kenyon College. '" Let us make 
it a great college," they say, ''worthy of the great West, and worthy of our 
grand old Church. We do not want one college in Ohio, and one in Indiana, 
and one in Kentucky, and one in Michigan. We want one great college tliat 
shall draw from all these States." Gov. Hendricks recently said : " I shoidd 
regard it as a calamity to see Churchmen attempt to establish a college in 
Indiana. No ! Let us unite and make Kenyon College great." Thank God 
that the wisdom of this policj' has been seen, and that it has been acted upon. 
By this single act Kenyon College has made great forward strides. 

Thirty-five years ago Abbott Lawrence gave i|! 50,000 to Harvard College. 
His brother, Amos Lawrence, thereupon wrote to him in words as follows : 



KENYON COLLEGE. 91 



•■Dkak EudTiiKK AiiiidTT — I lianllv (l;irc- trust mysi-lf 1(» speak wliat I 
leel, and therefore write a word to say that I tliaiik (Jod I am spared to this 
day to see accomplished by one so near and dear to me this best work ever 
done by one of our name, whicii will prove a lietter title to true nobility than 
any from the potentates of the world, ll i> more honorable, more to be cov- 
eted than the hijrhest politi(;al station in our country, pun-iuised as these 
stations olten are l)y time-servinji. It is to impress upon unlmrn millions the 
great trulli that our talents are trusts committed to us for use, and to be 
accounted for when the Master calls. This mafj^nilicent plan is the great tiling 
tiial vdu will see carried out if your life is spared, and you may well cherish 
it as the thing nearest your heai't. It enriches your descendants in a way 
that mere money never can do. and it is a belter investment liiau any you 
ever made." 

1 believe this to be true. Abbott Lawrence was Minister fr) Knjilaml. lie 
"came within one" of being i'resident of the I'nited States. But he has left 
his descendants a better title to noble rank. By reason of this act of benev- 
olence he is counted as among the princes of the earth. But more — the 
Lawrence family in and around Boston is a better family to-day, more liappy 
and more prosperous than it would have been if its founders had not so gen- 
erously given away their hundreds of thousands of dollars. The gifts of 
Abbott and Amos Lawrence were tiie liesi investments tiiey ever made. 

Let us hear, then, tiie conclusion of the whole matter. As Oliver Wendell 
llohnes puts it, 

God bless you, gentlemen, learn to give 
Money to colleges while you live." 

Follow thus the example of Lawrence and PeaVjody, of Durant and 
Packer. But, if this may not be, give money by your wills to bless your 
I'cllow men, and to ])erj)etuate your own meniory ami usefulness througiiout 
all generations. 

IPbat c5ainbiov has Done for the ininistry 

Kenyon College is like most of the older colleges of our country — Har- 
vard, Vale. Princeton, Dartmouth, Williams, Amherst, Trinity — and like most 
of tlie older colleges of Ohio — Marietta, Western Reserve, Oberlin, Delaware, 
(iranville — in that it was established primarily to train men for the (,'hristian 
.Ministry. Has it been successful in this, its first great object? 

The total number of the graduates of Kenyon CVdlege is about six hun- 
dred. Of these graduates, about two hundred, that is about one-third of the 
entire number, have given themselves to the work of the sacred ministry. In 
addition thereto, there have been more than a hundred graduates of the Di- 
vinity departnuMil wlio were not graduates of the Collegiate depai'tnient ; so 



92 ItENYON COLLEGE. 



that more than three hundred clergymen have received either their collegiate 
or their professional training, or both, in Gambler. 

As a body of men, these clergymen have been successful in their work, 
and have done great good in the Master's service. 

Two have become Bishops, the Rt. Rev. J. P. B. Wilmer, D. D., Bishop of 
Louisiana, and the Rt. Rev. J. M. Kendrick, D. D., Missionary Bishop of Ari 
zona and New Mexico. Some of Kenyon's sons, also, have labored faithfully 
as missionaries, not only on the i'rontier of our own country, but in Africa, 
China, and Japan. , 

The Rev. Dr. A. V. G. Allen, Professor in the Divinity School at Cam- i 
bridge, Mass., widely known, at home and abroad, tlirough his books, "Thej 
Continuity of Christian Thought," and " Jonathan Edwards," and one of the ' 
ablest of living theological writers, is a Kenyon graduate of the class of IStli'. 
His gifted and scholarly neighbor at Boston Higlilands, the Rev. Percy 
Browne, is a graduate of tlie class of 1804. 

Of the graduates of the Tlieological department, no one has wielded 
greater influence, or is deserving of higher honor, than the Rev. Dr. Heman 
Dyer, of the class of 1834. The Rev. Dr. John Cotton Smith was graduated 
in 1848. Who that knew him can ever i'orget liis winning graciousness, his 
brilliant conversational powers, his charming eloquence, his vast attainmenis 
in literature and pliilosophy, as well as in Christian Tiieology. He was one ol' 
the mighty men of his generation. The Rev. Dr. Noah Hunt Schenck was . 
graduated in 1853. He too, was a man of mark and power. j 

Two graduates, who are now in the maturity of their powers, are widely ( 
known: the Rev. Dr. David H. Greer, the earnest and eloquent i-ector of St.' 
Bartholomew's Church, New York, and the Rev. Dr. AViliiam S. Langford, the 
efficient General Secretar}' of the Board of Missions. 

It would be invidious to mention the names of Ohio clergymen who have 
reflected honor upon Kenyon as their Alma Mater. They are numbered by 
scores. Some of them are to-day filling positions of prominence and great 
usefulness. -In times past, they have been everything to the Church in Ohio, 
filling very many of her parishes, and nobly doing their heroic work. 

Kenyon College has done great things for the State. Her graduates have 
been honored in the halls of Congress, in the Senate, on the Supreme Bench, 
and one as President of the United States. Four, who were indebted lor her 
training, became Major Genei-als during the War of the Rebellion, and hun- 
dreds fought and suffered for their country, many of them in positions of high 
responsibility. But Kenyon has also done great things for the Church. Some 
of her sons have done martyr service in the cause, of the King of Kings. In 
the future as in the past may she nobly serve the best interests of our coun- 
try, and of that higher, that Eternal Kingdom, which is " not of this world ! " 



kp:nyon college. 



93 



(Bifts to Koiiyon ^lolloao in the past 



The iiiuiilier of persons who have lieiierously contriltuled of I heir nieaiis 
to helj) tlie good work of Kenyon College is very large. The names of 
between three and four thousand donors are printed in Dr. Bronson's 
"■ Menienlo," which was published in the yeai- 18*50. 

The following list contains tiie names of those who have given a thousand 

(l(illai-s or upwards : 



Lord Kenyon England 

Lady Rossu England 

Rev. J. M. Roger.s England 

Mrs. Hannah More England 

Timothy Wiggin, Esq England 

Bishop Chase Ohio 

William Hogg, Esq Brownsville, Pa. 

Arthur Tappan, Esq New York 

Thomas Smith, Esq., King George's Co., Va. 

Charles Hoyt, Esq Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Dr. Abraham Hooe Virginia 

Mrs. Stuart Virginia 

P. G. Stuyvesant, Esq New York 

Charles U. Betts, Esq New York 

Rev. Archibald M. Morrison. . . .New York 

Mrs. C. A. Spencer New York 

John D. Wolfe, Esc, New York 

James F. Sheafe, Esq New York 

Mr. Barclay New York 

E. W. Cunningham, Esq.. .Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Nicholas Luquier, Esq Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Thomas H. Powers, Esq Philadelphia 

Jay Cooke, Esq Philadelphia 

Joseph Harrison, Esq Philadelphia 

John Bohlen, Esq Philadelphia 

Miss Bohlen Philadelphia 

Dr. John Johns Maryland 

Bishoji Mcllvaine Ohio 

Bishop Bedell Ohio 

Mrs. G. T. Bedell Ohio 

Robert B. Bowler, Esq Cincinnati 

Mrs. R B. Bowler Cincinnati 

Larz Anderson, l'",sq Cincinnati 

\Vm. Procter, Esq Cincinnati 

Grillin Taylor, Esq Cincinnati 

Henry Probasco, Esq Cincinnati 

S S. L'Hommedieu, Esq Cincinnati 



Brothers Kilgour Cincinnati 

George Peabody, Es(( England 

Wni. Welsh, E.<q Philadelphia 

W. A. Franciscus, Esq Philadelphia 

E. R. Mudge, Esq Boston 

Robert H. Ives, Esq Providence, R. I. 

Frank E Richmond, Esq Providence 

Wm. H. Aspinvvall, Es([ New York 

Stewart Brown, Es(i New York 

Frederic G. Foster, Esq New York 

William B. Astor, E.s(] New York 

James M. Brown, Esq New York 

Samuel I). Babcock, Esq New York 

Frederic De Peyster, Esq New York 

John Brooks, Esq New York 

Piatt Benedict, Esq Norwalk 

Hon. W. W. Boardman Boardman, O. 

A. H. Moss, Esq Sandusky 

M. M. Granger, Esq Zanesville 

Dr. J. T. Hobbs Sandusky 

Thomas McCullough, Esq Massillon 

Wm. J. Boardman. Esq Cleveland 

Samuel L. Mather, Esq Cleveland 

Mrs. Ezra Bliss Columbus 

Ex-President Rutherford B. Hayes, Fremont 

John Gardiner, Esq Norwalk 

Peter Hay den. Esq Columbus 

H. S. Walbridge, Esq Toledo 

Rev. William Horton Ma.ssachusetts 

Hon. H. P. Baldwin Detroit 

Hon. Columbus Delano Mt. Vernon 

Hon. Henry B. Curtis Ml. Vernon 

Miss Sarah Burr New York 

Hon. John W. Andrews Columbus 

Austin Badger, Escj Medina 

M. A. Hanna, Esq Cleveland 

Charles T. Wing, Esq New York 



94 KENYON COLLEGE. 



dlcrical (Ebucation in (Bambter 



BY REV. H. W. JONES, D. D. 



-A. T^Ei-per, l^r&peir&cl cit the rer/uesf of Sishop HedGll ; rOEid before the ISoeird of 
Trustees at a meeting: Wune S5, 18S3, ancf mode the basis of actfon hy the 
Bosirci. 

I. The day in which we live demands a liberally educated ministry. To 
command respect, to exert the largest influence Jbr good, to lead in safe paths 
the opinions and beliefs of those committed to his charge, the minister of the 
Gospel must be mentally abreast the i'ullest knowledge and culture of a lib- 
erally educated laity. In his annual report to the Board of Trustees of the 
General Theological Seminary, Dean Hoffman speaks strongly of the need of 
maintaining the highest standard of clerical education, and condemns the 
utter want of fitness and preparation on the part of many of those who were 
sent to the Seminary and recommended for Holy Orders. 

"In a day of extended and ever extending education of the higliest sort, 
the ministry can hardly attain the highest success unless exhibiting the best 
culture of the time. 

II. The Institutions on Gambler Hill owe their existence to a devout de- 
sign to furnish ministers for the Church. To any one acquainted with the 
history of these Institutions it will be evident that the wishes and hopes of 
those who founded them, and of many of those who from time to time have 
added their gifts to build further on foundations already laid, will be most 
fully realized if these institutions are in all parts and departments effective 
means for the preparation of young men for the ministry of the Church. It is 
believed that these institutions should offer some peculiar and special ad- 
vantages in this direction. It is believed that there should and can be a 
substantial line and course of study for the clerical office running through 
them all, with the definite aim to cultivate mind and character for the sacred 
calling; and any plan which shall work towards this end, and shall off'er such 
advantages as to induce larger numbers here to apply themselves to study lor 
the ministry will surely best answer the purposes of those to whose prayers 
and gifts these institutions owe their being. 

III. To secure these results the following conditions seem now to be 
necessary : 

1st. That we insist upon a lil)eral education for all those who anticipate 
the ministry. Here, in Gambler, we should require that with but few excep- 
tions all postulants and candidal es for Orders, who have not already received 



KENYON COLLEGE. 95 



a college education, shall enter Kenyon College or the Grammar School and 
conliniic their studies in regular order and take the degree of A. B. 

I'd. By a careful adaptation of the courses of study in the Seminary and 
College to tlie needs of those who seek the ministry. Changes should be 
made in the Curriculum with reference to studies especially necessary, and in 
order to a shortening of the entire course, such as shall enable the student 
to attain the degree of A. B. and pursue those studies required for examina- 
tion lor Priest's Orders iti Ics.s tlian xewn years, the time at present demanded. 

To this end elective studies in the Junior and Senior College years should 
make it possible for the student to pursue at the same time the studies of the 
Junior and Middle years of the Seminary course. 

Such a combination of the two courses is believed to be entirely pratica- 
Iile. The attainment of the degree of A. B. at the end of four years in Col- 
lege is the first result to be provided for. When this is done it is believed 
tiiat time and room may be afforded, sucli as shall enable the student to lake 
during the last two of these years the greater part of the studies of the first 
two years of the Seminary course. 

The exact arrangement of studies suitable to such a combined course may 
lie determined by an examination of the requirements for the degree of A. B. 
in the College course, and of those of the Seminary course for those attain- 
ments demanded by the Canons of those who seek Priest's Orders. 

In respect to the Bachelor of Arts degree it may be said that the require- 
ments for its attainment in American colleges are constantly becoming more 
and more elastic. Harvard College, which takes the lead in this direction, 
offers no presci'ihecl studies during its entire course. Greek, Latin, and Math- 
ematics are required for admission, but the student from the first after his 
entrance is left to choose his studies. And it is entirely possible for him thus 
to pursue his studies and attain his degree of A. B. by a course which exclude? 
Latin, Greek, Mathematics, Natural Science, and Modern Languages. This 
extreme policy of Harvard is not likely to have many imitators. 

A plan such as that lately adopted by Trinity College may be regarded as 
a moderate expedient in this direction. Four leading courses of study are 
offered, viz. : Arts, Science, Letters, and Science. Only the first leads to the 
Degree of A. B. In this course, elective studies are ofiered in the Junior and 
Senior Years. Each student is required to take work to the amount of fifteen 
hours per week in recitations. Eleven hours are devoted to prescribed 
studies, leaving four lioin-s per week for such studies as the student may 
elect. 

Fiflceii hours per week are not considered to be a large or even average 
amount ol' time for recitations, and the whole might be made sixteen hours, 
flins li'a\ing live hours per week for elective studies. 



96 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Were a similar plan adoj)ted at Gambler, it would be possible lor the 
student in the Junior and Senior Years of his College Course to devote five 
hours per week to studies belonging to the kSeminary Course. 

How nearly will these five hours per week thus available supply the 
demands of the Junior and Middle j^ears of the Seminary Course? 

At present, nine to ten hours per week are devoted to recitations by each 
class in the Seminary. Can the hours per week for recitations during the first 
two years of the Seminary Course be reduced from nine or ten to five, and yet 
make it possible for the student to reach the attainments in three years of 
Seminary study which the canons require for Priests' Orders'? The last of 
these three years will be devoted entirely to Theological studies. If the five 
hours per week available during the first two years be too little, may not the 
number of hours for recitation in the Seminary Senior Year be increased from 
nine or ten to twelve |)er week, and thus, in pai-t at least, make up for the 
previous lack of time '? 

And, further, the question arises whether the ordinary course of study in 
our Theological Seminaries does not go beyond canonical demands ? 

It would seem, in the first place, that Sacred History might be dispensed 
with as a separate study. Old and New Testament Introduction very consider- 
ably take its place in any case, and with a slight enlargement of these, all 
demands would be met. Systematic Divinity might be amply taught in one 
year with three recitations per week. Likely, further saving of time might be 
made in other directions. Just what may be omitted ma}^ be left to the judg- 
ment of those competent and authorized to decide. 

IV. A more definite statement of the plan here proposed may be made as 
follows: The end to be secured is the formation of a Course in Arts and 
Theology which shall cover less than seven years' time. A shortening of the 
pi'esent seven years' course to six years seems to the writer obviously prac- 
ticable. A shortening of the course to five years is also believed to be prac- 
ticable. The conditions which must be kept in view and fully met ai-e the 
attainment of' the Bachelor of Arts Degree at the expiration of the College 
Senior Year, and the fulfilment of the requirements of the canons in resjiect 
to preparation for Priests' Orders by the end of the Seminary Senior Year. 

After considerable investigation, the writer believes that during the 
Junior and Senior College Years the following studies may be pursued sulv 
stantially as now : Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy, English Literature, 
Political Science, Logic, History, Mental and Moral Philosophy, and Latin. 
Previous to this, all college studies will have been taken. 

This estimate is upon the basis of a five years' course. 

With the studies above named, the student may take the following 
amount of study belonging to the Junior and Middle Seminary Years, viz. : 






SOME KI';XYON TRTSTKIuS. 



Moses M. Granger. 1,1.. D. 
Morrison R. Waite, I.L. D. 
John W. Stevenson, 1. 1.. D. 



Wni. J. lioarclman, Kmi 
Erastus Burr, D. D. 
H. S. Walbridge, Esq. 



Joseph K. Swan. I.I,. D. 
A. H. Moss. Esq. 
Charles E. Burr. Esq. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 97 



Two Iioiirs per week eacli of Hebrew and New Testament Greek during the 
entire two years. In addition, during the Easter term of his Senior College 
Year, he may take Evidences of Christianity, two hours per week; and in the 
Trinity Term of the same year, two hours per week in Ecclesiastical History. 

Thus having finished his College Course with the elective studies in 
Theology, before named, he enters his Seminary Senior Year prepared to 
devote twelve hours per week to studies entirely theological. In this year 
a plan somewhat like this might be adopted: 

Divinity, 3 hours per week, 1 term. 

Divinity, 4 hours per week, 2 terms. 

Pastoral Theology, 2 hours per week, 1 term. 

New Testament Exegesis, 2 hours per week, 1 term; ;! hours per week, 
two terms. 

Liturgies and rolily, 2 hours ])er week, during the year. 

Ecclesiastical History, ?, hours per week, during the year. 

The above will make uniformly twelve hours per week in recitations. 

Hel)rew is supposed to have been finished when the student reaches his 
Seminary Senior Year. N. T. Exegesis is not given larger place among the 
studies of this year because, according to the plan proposed, it will have been 
studied during the two years preceding with two hours per week in recitations. 

The chief difliculty which the writer discovers in connection with this pro- 
posed course arises in respect to the German Language. If this be essential 
to the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, it must be reckoned as part of the course. 
At present this is taken in Kenyon College as an alternative with Greek. 
But Greek will certainly be an essential for the theological candidate, and in 
taking it he will find no class open for him in German. The employment of 
a tutor in German to assist tlie Professor of Modern Languages would solve 
this difficulty. 

A six years' course in Arts and Theology would differ from the one above 
indicated in that the theological elective studies would be introduced later in 
the College Course, or in less quantity. It seems hardly necessary to describe 
in detail just what the arrangement of such a course would be. 

V. Were the plan, in one of the forms above suggested, adopted in 
Gambler, the two results indicated as desirable at the beginning of this paper, 
would, it is believed, be in some large degree realized. A liberal education 
would l)e secured to those looking toward the ministry. The plan of study 
here olfered would encourage and facilitate tiiis. Systematic and practical 
help toward a liberal training in the Arts would be afforded to those seeking 
the ministry, and hasty and unfitted entrance upon Seminary studies would 
be discouraged. On tlie other hand, a course with elective studies in College 
for tiiose pursuing Tlieologv, would be in entire harmony with the manv 



iJS KENYOiv" COLLEGE. 



present day provisions for specialties in education, and the advantages of such 
provisions would be secured to the study of Theology. Tlie saving of time 
ensured by this plan would weigh as a large consideration with most who seek 
the ministry; and with this saving of time there would, it is thought, lie no 
real loss in respect to studies necessaiy or important. 

But if, in the case of any postulant or Candidate for Orders, a course of 
study longer than five years or six years would seem to be desirable, a Post 
Graduate Course in Theology might be ollered — such as would occupy one 
year. 



dl^anges in tt^c tlonstitution as Xlow proposed 



At a meeting of the Alumni Association, held in Gambler, June 2<3, 1888, 
it was unanimously resolved that it was the opinion of that Association "that 
the corporate name of the Institution should be changed (if it can be legally 
done) from that of 'The Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the Diocese of Ohio,' to that of ' Kenyon College," and that the 
Faculties of the Seminary and the College should be consolidated, and the 
Seminary course should be made a post-graduate course. 

A committee, consisting of Rev. Dr. Ganter, Levi Buttles, Esq., Dr. C. H. 
James, Dr. A. B. Strong, and John Brooks Leavitt, Esq., was appointed to 
bring this matter to the attention of the Board of Trustees. 

After listening to the statements of the committee, the Board of Trustees 
unanimously adopted the following: 

" Whereas, Our Theological Seminary, College, and Grammar School con- 
stitute one institution founded by Bishop Chase for the purpose of supplying 
an educated ministry; and, 

•• Where.\s, The English donors and Bishop Chase usually spoke and 
wrote of the institution as a ' College ' ; and. 

'' Where.\s, The name best known and of most frequent use is Kenyon 
College, while the present corporate name seldom appears except in formal 
publications or legal instruments, 

" Resolved, That we recommend the resolution adoj)ted by the Kenyon 
Alumni on June 26, 1888, to the consideration of the Diocesan Conventions 
of Ohio and Southern Ohio, and that C. Delano. Rufus King, and Charles E. 
Burr, as a Committee of this Board, communicate this action to said Conven- 
tions, and submit to them the draft of such alterations in our Constitution as 
will authorize the proposed alteration of our corporate name without depart- 
ing from the intent which controlled the Ibunding oJ' our institution, and with- 
out affecting our title to any of our property or funds." 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



99 



It so happened that during the summer of 1888, Judge Granger, in com- 
pany with his family, spent a month at Gambier. During this time he read 
the pamphlet literature bearing upon " Kenyon College," which, during more 
than sixty years, has been accumulating. After his return to Zanesville, at 
the request of the Committee, he made a careful study of the legal questions, 
involved in the action contemplated by the Alumni, and sent his opinion to 
the Committee in the form of comments upon the resolutions, as follows: 

3ii^c}c (granger's ©pinion 

"1. Thk change of name. 

" The Statutes of Ohio authorize the change ol' name of a corporation. 
When done, in the statutory mode, the corporation remains the same incor- 
poreal person, precisely as any natural person, whose name has been legally 
changed, continues to be the identical person that he was before such change 
of name; and continues to own his property as if no such change had occurred. 
(See Sections 5855-6-7, Rev. Stat.) 

"Under the Constitution of the corporation, an amendment of the first 
article changing the corporate name is fully authorized l\v the terms of the 
last article of the Constitucion. 

"Such a change of name will in no respect conflict with the terms of the 
English or any other donations. * * * ' 

"We have our ibunders' authority to say that 'Kenyon College' is an 
appropriate corporate name for an institution, consisting of a theological 
school, a college proper, and a preparatory school; in other words, an appro- 
priate corporate name for what is now called " The Theological Seminary of 
the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio.' If we make the 
change, we return to Bishop Chase's original plan instead of taking 'a new 
departure.' Moreover, the Convention of the Diocese of Ohio (beibre the divi- 
sion) at Cincinnati. May, 1872, (see p. 77 of the Journal of that year) adopted 
a resolution suggesting ' to the Board of Trustees of the Theological Seminary 
of the Diocese of Ohio the propriety of changing the corporate name of the 
same, if the same can be done legally and without prejudice to rights of prop- 
erty.' '' 

" 2. The Act of 1839 and action under it. 

" Section 1 of this act give's power ' to establish, in connection with said 
Seminary, a College and Halls for preparatory education,' * * * ' and to 
appoint a President and I'roi'essors and all necessary officers for the purposes 

of government and iiist met ion in said Cdlleiie and Halls. 



100 KENYON COLLEGE. 



" Section 2 makes the President and Professors of the College a Faculty 
with power to confer ' Degrees in the Arts and Sciences,' and perform "all 
such other acts as pertain to the Faculties of Colleges for the encouragement 
and reward of learning.' 

"Section 3 makes the Seminary President and Professor a Faculty with 
power to confer ' Degrees in Theology,' and do • all such other acts as apper- 
tain to such Faculties for the encouragement of theological learning.' 

"But section 2 of the act of 1824 expressly empowers the Trustees 'to 
make Iw-laws and ordinances ' * * ' for regulating the duties and conduct 
of Professors and officers of said Seminary,' * * ' for conducting its business 
and concerns.' These by-laws must be consistent with the laM^s and Constitu- 
tion of our State and Nation, and with the Constitution of the Corporation. 
Article 10 of the existing Constitution gives to the Trustees power to constitute 
Professorships and Faculties. 

" Without any conflict with any of them, it seems clear to me that the 
Trustees may now direct that (except when conferring degrees and honors) 
there shall be but one Faculty — the Faculty of the Theological Seminary, 
etc. (if the corporate name remain unchanged), or the Faculty of Kenyon 
College (if the name be changed) ; that, notwithstanding the name and style 
of any professorship in either department, the Trustees may add to the duties 
of the incumbent of such chair such work, in any other department, as he can 
perform, in addition to the regular work of his chair. Students looking to the 
ministry are to be taught in each of the departments, and as Professor Sparrow 
taught Latin to the College boys while Bishop Chase Avas Bishop of Ohio, so 
also may a Bexley Professor now teach Greek or history in the college proper. 

" While leaving unimpaired the statutory right of ' the" President and 
Professors' in Seminary and College, respectively, to act as distinct Faculties 
in conferring degrees and awarding honors, the Trustees have power, by by-law 
or regulation, to require all instructors in all departments of the institution to 
act upon other matters as one Faculty; the by-law providing, for example, that, 
while so sitting and acting, it shall be styled, " The Faculty of the Corporation 
or Institution, and also providing who shall act as chairman or head. With 
these remarks I proceed to indicate the amendments of the Constitution 
required by such a plan of action." 

Judge Granger's draft of amendments was somewhat changed and en- 
larged by the Committee of the Trustees, and was by them presented to the 
Convention of the Diocese of Ohio in May, 1889. With amendments, the con- 
stitutional changes were approved. 



KENYOiS C'OLLPXiE. 101 



Some of the amendments adopted by the Convention failed to receive the 
approval of the Board of Trustees. Those herewith submitted are the amend- 
ments, in their final shape, as agreed to by tiie Committee of (lonierence, 
re])resenting tne Bishops in Ohio, the Board of Trustees and the Conventions 
of the Dioceses of Ohio and Southern Ohio. 

(Tho 2]lost prominent <Il|anaics. 

The noteworthy changes pro])oseil are three in number. 

(1.) The change of name. 

if is proposed that the pofjular name of the institution — the name given 
by Hisliop Ciiase — shall henceforth l)e the legal name. Cliarles Hammond 
gave to tlie institution its present legal name. 

Ml'. Hammond was a great man — great enough to decline a place on the 
Bench of the Supreme Court of the United States, and to be one of Ohio's 
mighty leaders. He had laid Bishop Chase under great obligations by the 
letter which he procured for him from Henry Clay to Lord Gambler, and he 
he liad vigorously defended his Bishop in answer to " Bishop Hobart's notes 
rehitive to the American Church," published in London, November. 13 and 19, 
1.S23 (see Washington Repertory for Marcli. 1824). Yet in this very defence he 
declared: "'Of Bishop Chase I am no partizan; his mission to England had not 
my jipprobation. I reprobate tlie whole system of religious mendicancy wliicli 
l)revails in the world. It is my opinion tliat mnch more good may be done by 
hdioring faithfully at home than l)y begging abroad." This was written on the 
IMli of Fel)ruary, 1824. Nevertheless, eiglit montlis thereafter, by his draft of 
tlie Constitution, he gave the legal name to the Seminary. But Bishop Chase 
gave it its popular name of Kenyon College. His name had the advantage of 
brevity and simplicity. It was, moreover, a beautilul and attractive name, so 
that, in popular use, it practically superceded the legal name. P]verybody 
spoke of the institution established at Gambler as " Kenyon College." In 
Bishops Chase's pamphlet against West, he spoke once of the Seminary, whilst 
he used tlie words "Kenyon College" or "the College" nearly two hundred 
times. In his thought, "Kenyon College" was an incorporated institution, 
and the property all belonged to "the Corporation of Kenyon College." (See 
p. Ki, Reply to West.) His appeals were made everywhere for "Kenyon (Col- 
lege." It was with him " The Star in the West or Kenyon College^' in 1828. 
In 1849. it was "an expedient of benevolence to save Kenyon College.'" 

Tlie early Trustees naturally followed Bishop Chase's lead. In ls;>l liif 
seal of the Institution was simi)ly marked K. C. in script. In 1835 it was 
"resolved that a seal with this mntXn, • SigiUit/ii ('ollegil Kenyonensis- Ohio 



102 KENYOX COLLEGE. 



Heap..' be and the same is hereby adopted as the seal of the corporation." 
Aud this to-day remains the corporate seal of " The Theological Seminary of 
the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio." 

It is an instructive fact in this connection that Bishop Chase's Illinois 
institution was named by him. not "The Theological Seminary of the Protest- 
ant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Illinois." but " Jubilee College." 

And yet this institution vras almost .precisely such an institution as he had 
been laboring to establish at Gambler. He tells us in his " Reminiscences " 
that in 1835 he went the second time to England, "seeking the same blessing 
lohich he had before received for Ohio, means to found a College of sacred 
learning for the education of ministers of the Gospel.'^ or, in language used 1 \v 
him at the same time, "to establish a Theological Seminarg in Illinois." 
(Rem.. Vol. 2. p. 238.) 

When he returned home the weightiest matter on his mind was " to lay 
the foundation for the education of clergymen hy the judicious location of the 
contemplated Seminary." (p. J:36.) 

In Illinois, as in Ohio. Bishop Chase insisted upon a secluded spot for his 
institution. He bought several thousand acres of land. His students must 
work on this farm. In Illinois, as in Ohio, he must have a printing-press also. 
and provision made thereby for useful manual toil. 

The charter spoke of his Illinois institution as the " College or Seminary." 
Some of his English friends called it a 'Tfieological Seminary. (Rem., Vol. 2. 
p. 350.) He himself called it "a Seminary for the education of young men 
for the Christian ministry in the Episcopal Church of Illinois." and yet. when 
he came to the matter of choosing a name for this institution, he called it 
Juiilee College. In explanation of this choice of name he feelingly wrote : 
•■ You ask me why I call rny Illinois institution JuMlee College. I answer, 
that name of all others suits my feelings and circumstances. I wish to give 
thanks and rejoice that after seven years, passed in much trouble, pain, and 
moral servitude. God hath permitted me, for Jesus" sake, to return unto His 
gracious favor. In September, 1831, I left those dear places by me named 
Gambler Hill and Kenyon College ; in 1838. precisely in the same month and 
the same day of the month, to blow the trumpet in Zion for joy that another 
school of the prophets, more than 500 miles still farther towards the setting 
sun, is founded to the glory of the great Redeemer." (Rem.. Vol. 2. p. M6.) 

(2.) The Elimination of the 9th Article of the present Constitution. 

The last clause of this article is not in the original Constitution. In lieu 
of the first clause it is proposed to give the Bishop of Ohio full authority in 
spiritual things. (See proposed Article 13.) 



KliNV^OM COLLEGE 



103 



(8.) It is proposed that there sliall l)e, not a President oltiie Tiieoloiiical 
Seminary and a President ol' Kenyon Colleiie. luit a President ol' the Insti- 
tntion. 

Bishop Chase insisted to liis dying day that he iiad founded at Ciambier, 
not two institutions, but one. Tiie hnijiuage of the Diocesan Convention of 
isi'fi was, "Kesolved, That the Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio 
and Kenyon College be, and the same hereby is, forever established," etc. The 
vcrl) is not plural, but singular, and refers to but one institution. So when the 
corner stone was laid it was the one corner-stone of the Theological Seminary 
and Ivenyon College. Bishop Chase afterwards spoke of the "Theological 
Seminary, alias Kenyon College ; " of the " Theological Seminary, surnamed 
Kenyon College;" of the "Theological Seminary, for brevity's sake called 
Kenyon College;" of the ''Seminary with collegiate powers annexed," but he 
always insisted that he had established at Gambier only one institution, " A 
Seminary of learning upon Christian principles," legally known as '"The The- 
ological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio," 
lint, tile Bishop distinctly says, ^^ named by me Kenyon College.^' 

As to the wisdom of making the proposed changes there may be room lor 
question. As to the right to make them there can be no question, jtrovided 
tills right is exercised in the constitutional way. In the original Constitution, 
adopted in 1824, provision was made for changes. This the English trustees 
knew, and considered fully helbre their funds were transferred to this country. 
They had no care as to rutiiiv changes, provided it were fixed that the funds 
raised in England should never " be appropriated to any other use (lian the 
education and theological instruction of students for the ministry in the Pro- 
testant Episcopal Churcii." 

It is clear that any change in the Constitution authorizing a departure 
from the objects and purposes of the trust would be unlawful. It is ecjually 
clear that changes affecting only the mode of administering the trust are 
lawful. 




104 



KESYOX COLLEGE. 



donstttution 



Hcu? ilonstitution 



Akticle I. 

The Convention of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church, in the Diocese of 
Oliio, do hereby establish a Seminary 
for the education of Ministers of the 
Gospel in said Church, and also a Col- 
lege, for general instruction in Litera- 
ture and the Arts, with the necessary 
Preparatory Schools; such Seminary 
and College to be founded upon dona- 
tions made, and to be made, in the 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and 
Ireland, and in America, for that pur 
pose. Said Seminary to be known by 
the name of the Theological Seminary 
of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in 
the Diocese of Ohio, in accordance ^^^th 
the original act of incorporation, of 
December 29, 1824; said College, for 
instruction in Literature and the Arts, 
to be known as Kenyon College, in 
accordance with the act supplemental 
to said original act of incorporation, 
passed March 26, 1839. 

JfoTE — Adopted in this form in 1S72. From 
1824 to 1872 the article read: 

Akt. L The Convention of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church for the Diocese of Ohio do 
hereby establish a Seminary for the education 
of Ministers of the Gospel in said Church; 
such Seminary to be founded upon donations 
made, and to be made, in the United King- 
doms of Gre.at Britain and Ii-eland. and in 
America, for that purpose, and to be known 
by the name of "The Theological Semi- 
nary OF THE Protestant Episcopal Chtrch 
IX THE Diocese of Ohio." 



(PROPOSECj) 

Article I. 

The Convention of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church, in the Diocese of 
Ohio, do hereby establish a Seminary 
for the education of Ministers of the 
Gospel in said Church, and also a Col- 
lege, for general instruction in Litera- 
ture and the Arts, with the necessarj* 
Preparatory Schools; such Institution 
to be founded upon donations made, 
and to be made, in the United Kingdom 
of Great Britain and Ireland, and in 
America for that purpose. Said Insti- 
tution to be known by the name of 
Kenyon College, in accordance with 
the original act of incorporation, of 
December 29. A. D. 1S24. and the order 
of Court chanKins: tlie name thereof. 



Article II. 

The said Institution shall consist, 
first, of a Theological School ; second, 
of a Collegiate School ; third, of a Pre- 
paratory School, and such other Schools 
as may be established by the Board of 
Trustees. Appropriate Degrees may 
be conferred by the Faculties of the 
several Schools, respectively. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



105 



Article II. 

The said Institutions shall be estab- 
lished by the Convention of the Dio- 
cese, at such place within the same as 
shall be consistent with the deed of 
donation, executed by the Bishop of 
Ohio, in England, on the 27th day of 
November, 1823, and when once e.stab- 
lished shall Ibrever aiter remain in the 
same place. 

From 1824 to 1872 this read "the said Semi- 
nary," instead of "the said Institutions." 

Article III. 

The direction and management of 
said Institutions shall be vested in a 
Board of Trustees, which shall consist 

I of the Bishop of the Diocese, for the 
time being, in which the Seminary may 
be situated ; the Assistant Bishop of 
said Diocese, if there be one ; the 
Bishop or Bishops of any other Diocese 
or Dioceses which may be taken from 
and eml)race territory now within the 
limits of the Diocese of Ohio ; the Pres- 
ident of Kenyou College, and other 
Clerical and Lay Trustees as follows, 
to-wit : Four Clerical and four Lay 
Trustees, who shall remain in office in 
the first instance, two of them, to-wit : 
one Clergyman and one Layman, for 

. the term of tw^o, four, six, and eight 
years, respectively, and thereafter their 

L successors shall hold their offices for 

. the term of ten years respectively. 
Said Clerical and Lay Trustees shall be 
members of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church, and shall be chosen in the first 
instance by the Convention of the Dio- 
cese of Ohio; and all vacancies that 



Article III. 

The said Institution shall be estab- 
lished by the Convention of the Dio- 
cese, at such place within the same as 
shall be consistent with the deed of 
donation, executed by the Bishop of 
Ohio, in England, on the 27th day of 
November, 1823. 



Article IV. 

The direction and management of 
said Institution shall be vested in a 
Board of Trustees, which shall consist 
of the Bishops and Assistant Bishops, 
if there be such, of all Dioceses witliin 
the limits of the State of Ohio, the Pres- 
ident of the Institution, and other Cler- 
ical and Lay Trustees as follows, to-wit: 
Four Clerical and four Lay Trustees, 
who shall remain in office in the first 
instance, two of them, to-wit, one 
Clergyman ami one Layman, for the 
term of two, four, six, and eight years, 
respectively, and thereafter their suc- 
cessors shall hold their offices for the 
term of ten years, respectively. Said 
Clerical and Lay Trustees shall be 
members of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church, and all vacancies that shall 
occur in said number of Clerical and 
Lay Trustees, or their successors, by 
death, resignation, or otherwise, shall 
forever, as often as the same may occur, 
be filled by the remaining members of 
the Board of Trustees, a majority of the 
members so remaining being necessary 



106 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



shall occur in said number of Clerical 
and Lay Trustees, or their successors, 
by death, resignation, or otherwise, 
shall forever, as often as the same may 
occur, be filled by the remaining mem- 
bers of the Board of Trustees, a major- 
ity of the members so remaining being 
necessary to such choice ; provided, 
that in case the Diocese of Ohio shall 
be divided, all vacancies shall be so 
tilled as to give, as far as practicable, 
an equal number of such trustees to 
each of said Dioceses. And the Boai'd 
of Trustees may, in its discretion, 
declare the olBce of any trustee so 
chosen for ten years, to be vacated, 
whenever, having been duly notified, 
he shall have failed to attend a meet- 
ing of the Board for two consecutive 
years, and his place shall be filled by 
the remaining members of the Board, 
as hereinbefore pi'ovided for filliug 
vacancies. 

This article, as adopted in 1824, read: 

Art. ni. The direction and management 
of said Seminar}- sliall be vested in a Board of 
Trustees, wliich shall consist of the Bishop of 
the Diocese for the time being, and of four 
Clerical and four Lay Trustees, to be chosen 
by the Convention of the Diocese, and to re- 
main in office for the term of three years, and 
until their successors are chosen. This arti- 
cle, so far as it respects the number of Clerical 
and Laj- Trustees, may from time to time be 
amended by a concurring resolution of the 
Convention, and of the Board of Trustees of 
the Seminary, so as to increase the number of 
Clerical and Lay Trustees, until the number 
of each may be twelve; which number shall 
thereafter constitute the permanent Board of 
Clerical and Lay Trustees. 

In 1839 it was amended to read: 

Art. m. The direction and management 
of said Semimiry shall be vested in a Board of 
Trustees, which shall consist of the Bishop of 



to such choice ; provided that all vacan- 
cies shall be so filled as to give, as far 
as practicable, an equal number of 
such Trustees to each of the Dioceses 
in the State of Ohio. And the Board 
of Trustees may, in its discretion, de- 
clare the office of any Trustee so chosen 
for ten years, to be vacated, whenever, 
having been duly notified, he shall have 
failed to attend a meeting of the Board 
for two consecutive years, and his place 
sJiall be filled by the remaining mem- 
bers of the Board, as hereinbefore pro- 
vided for filling vacancies. Provided 
that nothing herein shall be so con- 
strued as to remove from office any 
member of the Board of Trustees as 
now constituted. 



KENYON COLLEGE 



107 



the Diocese for the time being, .and of four 
Clerical and four Lay Trustees, to be chosen 
by the Convention of the Diocese, and to re- 
main in office for the term of three years, and 
i' until their successors are chosen. 
t Provided that no officer of the Seminary, or 
j of any Institution that may be annexed there- 

I to, shall be eligible to said Board. This arti- 
cle, so far as it respects the number of Cler- 

'ical and Lay Trustees, may from time to time 
be amended by a concurring resolution of the 
Convention, and of the Board of Trustees of 
the Seminary, so as to increase the number of 
Clerical and Lay Trustees, until the number of 

II each may be twelve; which number shall there- 
after constitute the permanent Board of Cler- 
ical and La3' Trustees. 

I In 1845 this proviso thus added was amended 
Ho read: "Provided that no officer of the Sem- 
inary, or any Institution that may be annexed 
thereto, except the President of Kenyon Colleye, 
shall be eligible to said Board." 

In 1857 the number of Trustees was changed 
to six Clerical and six Lay Trustees, instead of 
four. 

Article IV. 

There shall be also six additional 
members of said Board, to-wit, three 
Clerical and three Lay Trustees, to be 
chosen by the Convention of the Dio 
cese, as follows : At the first election 
occurrinii under this amended Consti- 
tution, one-third of said Clerical and 
Lay Trustees, so to be elected, shall be 
designated to hold their offices for the 
term of one year, one-third for the term 
of two years, and the remaining third 
for the term of three years; and sub- 
ject to this provision, the term of office 
of said Trustees shall be for three years. 
or for a shorter period in case of an 
election to fill vacancies occurring be 
fore the e.xpiration of a full term. In 
case the Diocese of Ohio shall hereafter 
be divided, then, as to said last men- 



Article V. 

There shall be also six additional 
members of said Board, to-wit: three 
Clerical and three Lay Trustees, to be 
chosen in equal numbers by the Con- 
ventions of the Dioceses in the State of 
Ohio. The term of office of said Trus- 
tees shall be for three years, or for a 
shorter period in case of an election to 
fill vacancies occurring before the expi- 
ration of a full term. 

In case either of the Dioceses in the 
State of Ohio shall hereafter be divided, 
then, as to said last mentioned six Trus- 
tees and their successors, all vacancies 
that shall occur thereafter shall be so 
filled as to divide said last mentioned 
six Trustees, as nearly as may be, 
equally between- and among all the 
Dioceses in the State of Ohio, in the 



108 



KENYON COLLEGE, 



tinned six trustees and their successors, 
all vacancies that shall occur thereafter, 
shall be so filled as to divide said last 
mentioned six Trustees, as nearly as 
may be, equally between and among all 
the Dioceses into which the present 
Diocese of Ohio may be so divided, in 
the order of seniority. But if said Dio- 
ceses shall increase to four or more, 
then each of said Dioceses shall be en- 
titled to a representation of two Trus- 
tees in said Board, which shall be ipso 
facto enlarged to that extent for such 
purpose. Said Trustees shall be elected 
by the Conventions of said Dioceses by 
ballot, or in case the Convention of any 
such Diocese shall at any time adjourn 
without filling a vacancy whicli it may 
have the right to fill as aforesaid, then, 
and in all such cases, vacancies may be 
filled by the Convention of the Diocese 
in which said Seminary may be situated- 
Adopted in 1873. 



order of seniority. But if said Dioceses 
shall increase to four or more, then each 
of said Dioceses shall be entitled to a 
representation of two Trustees in said 
Board, which shall be ipso facto en- 
larged to that extent for such purpose. 
Said Trustees shall be elected by the 
Convention of said Dioceses by ballot, 
or in case the Convention of any such 
Diocese shall at any time adjourn with- 
out filling a vacancy which it may have 
the right to fill as aforesaid, then, and 
in all such cases, vacancies may be filled 
by the Conventions of the Diocese in 
which said Institution may be situated ; 
provided, that nothing herein shall be 
so construed as to remove from office 
any member of the Board of Trustees 
as now constituted. 



Article V. 

Four additional Trustees may be ap- 
pointed by the joint vote of the Alumni 
of the Theological Seminary of the Dio- 
cese of Ohio, and the Graduates of Ken- 
yon College, who shall be graduates of 
three years' standing respectively, to 
wit : Two Clerical and two Lay Trus- 
tees to be selected from said Alumni 
and Graduates, respectively ; said four 
Trustees to be elected by ballot. The 
vote to be given under such rules and 
regulations as to secure a fair expression 
of the will of said Alumni and Gradu- 
ates, and, to time, place, and otherwise, 
as the Presidents of tiie Board of Trus 



Article YI. 

Six additional Trustees may be ap- 
pointed by the joint vote of the Alumni 
of the Theological School and the Grad- 
uates of the Collegiate School who shall 
be graduates of three years' standing 
respectively, to-wit : Three Clerical and 
three Lay Trustees to be selected from 
said Alumni and Graduates, respect- 
ively, said six Trustees to be elected by 
ballot; the vote to be given under such 
rules and regulations prescribed hj the 
Board of Trustees as to secure a fair 
expression of the will of said Alumni 
and Graduates. A majority of the votes 
cast shall be necessarv to a choice, and 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



109 



tees and ol' Keiiyon College tor the time 
being shall prescribe. A majority of 
the votes cast shall be necessary to a 
choice, and in the election of said Trus- 
tees, in the first instance, the ballots 
shall specify one as elected for one 
year; one for two years; one for three 
years; and one four years, and, subject 
to this provision, the term of oilice of 
said Trustees shall be for four years, or 
for a shorter period in case of tilling 
vacancies occuring liefore the expira- 
tion of a full term. 
Adopted in 187'i. 



in the election of said Trustees, in the 
first instance, the ballots shall specify 
two as elected for one year; two for two 
years; two for three years; and, sub- 
ject to this provision, the term of office 
of said Trustees shall be for three years, 
or for a shorter period in case of tilling 
vacancies occurring before the expira- 
tion of the full term. 



Article VI. 

Every Trustee elected under Article 
III and IVof this Constitution shall be 
a citizen ot' Ohio; and if such Trustee 
shall, during the term tor which he was 
elected, cease to be a bona fide resident 
of the State, his otfice shall be thereby 
vacated, and his place shall be filled as 
in other cases; and no officer of any 
Institutio7i under the control of said 
Board of Trustees, except the I'resi- 
dent of Kenyon College, shall be eligi- 
ble to said board. 
Adopted in 1872. 



Article VII. 

Every Trustee elected under Article 
IV and V of this Constitution shall be 
a citizen ol' Ohio; and if such Trustee 
shall, during the term for which he was 
elected, c-ease to be a bona fide resident 
of the State, his otfice shall be thereby 
vacated, and his place shall be filled as 
in other cases; and no officer of the 
Institution except the President, shall 
be eligible to said Board. 



Article VII. 

Two additional Trustees, one Clerical 
and one Lay, may be appointed liy the 
Diocesan Convention of each of the 
Dioceses of Pittsburgh, West Virginia, 
Kentucky, Indiana, and Michigan, for 
such terms as said several Conventions 
may determine. Eleven Trustees shall 
constitute a quorum of the Board. 
Adopted in 1881. 



Article VIII. 

Two additional Trustees, one Clerical 
and one Lay, may be appointed by the 
Diocesan Convention of each of the 
Dioceses of Pittsburgh, West Virginia, 
Kentucky, Indiana, and Michigan, for 
such terms as said several Conventions 
may determine. Eleven Trustees shall 
constitute a quorum of the Board. 



110 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



Article VIII. 

The Bishop of the Diocese in which 
the Seminary may be situated, shall be 
President of the Board, and if present 
shall preside ; but in his absence the 
Senior Bishop present shall preside, 
and in the absence of all the Bishops a 
President pro tem. shall be appointed 
by ballot, whose office shall expire on 
the final adjournment of the meeting 
of the Board at which the appointment 
was made. 

From 1824 to 1873 this article read: 

Art. IV. A majority of tlie whole number 
of Trustees shall be necessary to constitute a 
quorum to do business. The Bishop, if pres- 
ent, shall preside. In his absence a President 
pro tem. .shall be appointed by ballot, whose 
office shall expire with the final adjournment 
of the meeting of the Board at which the ap- 
pointment was made. If any vacitncy shall 
happen in the Board of Trustees, such vacancy 
shall be filled by the Convention that may meet 
next thereafter. 



Article IX. 

The Bishops of the several Dioceses 
in Ohio shall share an equal relation- 
ship to the Board. They shall each 
hold the office of President of the 
Board during one year in rotation, and 
in the absence of all the Bishops, a 
President pro tem. shall be appointed, 
by ballot, whose office shall expire on 
the final adjournment of the meeting 
of the Board at which the appointment 
was made. 



Article IX. 

The Seminary shall be under the 
immediate charge and superintendence 
of the Bishop who may be President of 
the Board, and during the recess of the 
Board he shall be the Prudential Com- 
mittee in all' secular matters of said 
Seminary. 

In the original Constitution of 1824 this arti- 
cle read: 

Art. V. The Seminary shall be under the 
immediate charge and superintendence of the 
Bishop of the Diocese for the time being, as 
principal Professor and President; and the sal- 
ary to be received for his service shall be fixed 
by the Board of Trustees, at their annual meet- 
ing preceding the commencement of such sal- 
ary. 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



HI 



In 1820 it was chaDged to read: 

Akt. V. The Seminary sliall be under tlie 
immediate charge and superintendence of the 
Bisliop of the Diocese for the time l)eiiig, a.s 
President of the Institution. 

In 183'J the words were added: ''And ditr- 
iiiy the recess nf llie Board the Bishop shall he the 
J'ruiliiiHal Committee in all secular 7)iat(ers oj the 
Iiislitution" 

Article X. 

Tlie Board of Trustees shall have 
power to constitute Professorships and 
Faculties, and to appoint and remove 
the Professors, and to prescribe courses 
of study, and to make all rules and reg- 
ulations and statutes, which may be 
necessary for the government of the 
Institutions, or either of them, and to 
secure their prosperity ; provided, that 
all such rides, regulal ions, or other pro- 
ceedings shall forever be in conibrmity 
to the doctrine, discipline, constitution 
and canons ol' the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the United States of Amer- 
ica, and, in respect to the Seminary, to 
the course of study prescribed, or to be 
prescribed, by the Bishops of the said 
Church, and subject to the provisions 
of the Xlth and Xllth Articles of this 
Constitution. 

Adopted in 1824, except the hitter clause: 
"And subject to the provisions of the Xlth 
and Xllth Articles of the Constitution," which 
was added in 1873. And that the word Semi- 
nary was used instead of "the Institutions." 



Article X. 

The Board of Trustees shall have 
power to constitute Professorships and 
Faculties, and to appoint and remove a 
President of said Institution and Pro- 
fessors, and to prescribe courses of 
study, and to make all rules and regu- 
lations and statutes, which may be 
necessary for the government of the 
Institution, and to secure its prosper- 
ity, provided, that all such rules, regu- 
lations, or other proceedings shall for- 
ever l)e in conformity to the doctrine, 
discipline, constitution, and canons of 
the Protestant Episcopal Church in the 
United States of America, and in re- 
spect to the Theological School, to the 
course of study prescribed or to be pre- 
scribed l)y the Bishops of the said 
Church, and subject to the provisions 
of the Xlth and Xllth Articles of this 
Constitution; and provided, also, that 
no course of study shall be prescribed 
for the Theological School without the 
assent thereto of a majority of the 
Bishops of the Dioceses in Ohio. 



Article XI. 

If at any time the General Conven- 
tion of the Protestant Episcopal Church 
in the United States of America, shall, 
by resolution entered in their journals, 
declare any rule, regulation, statute or 
other proceedings of the Hoard of Trus- 



Article XI. 

If at any time the General Conven- 
tion of the Protestant Episcopal Church 
in the United States of America, shall, 
l)y resolution entered in their journals, 
declare any rule, regulation, statute, or 
other proceedings of the Board of Triis- 



112 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



tees hereby constituted, to be contrary 
to the doctrine, discipline, constitution, 
and canons of the Church, or to the 
course of study prescribed by the Bis- 
hops, such rule, regulation, statute or 
other proceeding shallthenceforth cease 
to have ell'ect, and shall be considered 
as abrogated and annulled. 
Adopted in 1834. 



tees hereby constituted, to be contrary 
to the doctrine, discipline, constitution, 
and canons of the Church, or to the 
course of study prescribed by the Bis- 
hops, such rule, regulation, statute, 
or other proceeding, shall thenceforth 
cease to have effect, and shall be con- 
sidered as abrogated and anulled. 



Article XII. 

The Bishops of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church in the United States of 
America, shall individually, and any 
two or more of them, be visitants of the 
Seminary, to take care that the course 
of discipline and instruction be confor- 
mable to the preceding provision;^ 
And it shall be lawful lor any one of 
the Bishops aforesaid, at any time, to 
institute, in his own name and character 
of Bishop, any proper legal process to 
enforce and secure the administration 
of the Seminary, according to the foun- 
dation herein prescribed. 
Adopted in 1S24. 

Article XIII. 

The Board of Trustees having hereto- 
fore established a College with the ne- 
cessary preparatory schools as hereto- 
fore in the 1st Article hereof recognized, 
and subject to the Xlth and Xllth 
Articles of this Constitution, and with 
a President and Faculty, and with power 
to make all needful by-laws, and to 
appoint and remove all Professors and 
other olficers necessary to the govern- 
ment and prosperit.v of said College, it 
is hereby declared that the College and 



ARTIChE XII. 

The Bishops of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church in the United States of 
America, shall, individually, and any 
two or more of them, be visitants of the 
Institution to take care that the course 
of discipline and instruction be con- 
formable to the preceding provisions. 
And it shall be lawful for any one of 
the Bishops aforesaid, at any time, to 
institute, in his own name and charac- 
ter of Bishop, any proper legal process 
to enforce and secure the administra- 
tion of the Institution, according to the 
foundation herein prescribed. 



Article XIII. 

The Bishop of the Diocese in which 
said Institution shall be situated shall 
have power to exercise Episcopal super- 
vision over the sjiiritual interests of the 
Institution. The present property and 
funds of the corporation shall continue 
applicable only to such uses and pur- 
poses as were lawful and appropriate 
prior to the change of the name to 
" Kenvon College. " 




SOMl', KICNVO.N lilv.NI';!' ACTORS. 



Rev. ArchibaUl M. Mc 
Mr.s. Kzra lili.ss. 
Jay Cooke, Hsq. 



Henry U. Curtis, LI, I). 

Lord Bc.\lcy. 

Columbus Delano, LI. I). 



C.eorse IValxxly, I.L. 1). 

.Mrs. K. H. Ho«lir. 

John W. .Andrews. I.L, I) 



KENYON COLLEGE. 113 



Preparatory Schools mentioned in the 
1st Article herein, are a continuation of 
the same; and it is hereby provided, 
that the President of said College be 
appointed on the nomination of the 
Bishop who may be President of the 
Board, and, in case he shall not so nom- 
inate within two months after being re- 
quested so to do by the Board of Trus- 
tees, then they shall proceed to elect a 
President without such nomination ; 
provided that his Episcopal supervision 
and authority be understood as embrac- 
ing the spiritual interests of the College 
and its Preparatory Schools, and that 
tlie present property of the said Semi- 
nary, whatever use the Trustees may 
permit the College to make of any part 
thereof, shall always remain exclusively 
the property of the Seminary. 

This Article was adopted in this form in 
1872. It is a modification of an article first 
adopted in 1839, and remaining as then adopted 
until 1873, as follows: 

Article IX. The Board of Trustees, as 
soon as the Convention of the Diocese shall 
so instruct them, shall annex to the Seminary 
a College, with the necessary Preparatory 
Schools; subject, like the Seminary, to the 
provisions of the Vllth and Vlllth Articles of 
the Constitution, whicli College shall have a 
separate President and Faculty, the Trustees 
having power to make all needful by-laws, and 
to appoint and remove all Professors and other 
ollicers necessary to the government and pros- 
perity of said College; provided, that the Pres- 
ident be appointed on the nomination of the 
Bishop of the Diocese, and that in case he shall 
not so nominate within two months after being 
requested so to do by the Board of Trustees, 
then they shall proceed to elect a President 
without such nomination; provided, also, that 
his Episcopal supervision and authority be 
understood as embracing the spiritual interests 



114 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



of the College and its Preparatory Schools, 
and that the present property of the said Sem- 
inary, whatever use the Trustees may permit 
the College to make of any part thereof, shall 
always remain exclusively the property of the 
Seminary. 

Article XIV. 

This Constitution may be amended 
l3y the concurrent vote of the majority 
of the Bishops who may be members of 
tlie Board, a majority of the Board of 
Trustees, and a majority of the Conven- 
tion of the Diocese in whicli the Semi- 
nary shall be situated; provided, that 
no alteration or amendment whatever 
be made in this Constitution, whereby 
the funds of the Seminary, raised in 
England, be approjiriated to any other 
use than tiie education and theological 
instruction of students for the ministry 
in the Protestant Episcopal Church. 
Tlus proviso, however, does not pre- 
clude the lawfulness and constitution- 
ality of establishing a College, and 
making provision, so far as practicable, 
for the admission of other students, at 
their own expense, to the benefit of a 
College education. 

Adopted in 1873. In 1824 this Article read: 
Art. X. This Constitution may be amended 
by the concurrent vote of the Bishop, a major- 
ity of the Board of Trustees of the Semmary, 
and a majority of the Convention of the Dio- 
cese. But it at any time an amendment shall 
be proposed and voted unanimously by the 
Board of Trustees of the Seminary, and by the 
Convention, then such amendment shall pre- 
vail without the assent of the Bishop. 

In 1826 it was amended to read: 

Art. X. This Constitution may be amended 
by the concurrent vote of the Bishop, a major- 
ity of the Board of Trustees of the Seminary, 
and a majority of the Convention of the Dio- 



Article XIV. 

This Constitution may be amended 
by the concurrent vote of the majority 
of the Bishops who may be members of 
the Board, a majority of the Board of 
Trustees, and a majority of the Conven- 
tions of the Dioceses in the State of 
Ohio; provided, that no alteration or 
amendment whatever be made in this 
Constitution, whereby the funds of the 
Institution, raised in England, be ap- 
propriated to any other use than the 
education and theological instruction of 
students for the ministry in the Protest- 
ant Episcopal Church. This proviso, 
however, does not preclude the lawful- 
ness and constitutionality of establish- 
ing a College, and making provision, 
so far as practicable, for the admission 
of other students, at their own expense, 
to the benefit of a College education. 

Schedule. 

The foregoing amendments to the 
Constitution shall take efl'ect as soon 
as the name of the Corjioration shall 
be duly changed to *' Kenyon College," 
according to law. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



115 



cese, with the concurrence of a majoritj' of 
the Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church 
in the United States. 

Provided, that no alteration or ainenilment 
whatever be made in this Constitution, where- 
by the funds of the Seminary, raised in Eng- 
land, be appropriated to any other use than 
the education and theological instruction of 
students for the ministry in the Protestant 
Episcopal Church. This proviso, however, 
does not preclude the lawfulness and constitu- 
tionality of annexing a College to the Semi- 
nary, and making provision so far as is practi- 
cable for the admission of other students, at 
their own expense, to the benefit of a College 
education. 

[n 1839 the paragraph " with the concur- 
rence of a majority of the Bishops of the Pro- 



testant Episcopal Chui'ch in the United States " 
was stricken out. 

The following article which was a modifica- 
tion of Article IX of the original Constitution 
was stricken out in 1873. 

Article X. The Board of Trustees shall 
meet at Gambler annually on the day preced- 
ing the Commencement. The President of the 
Board shall at any time, upon the application 
in writing of one member of the Standing 
Committee of the Diocese, and two Clerical 
and two Lay Trustees, call a meeting of the 
Board, to be held at such other time and place 
as he may appoint, not exceeding thirty days 
from the day on which the application shall be 
presented. 



idkv from Hutf^crforb B. f?ayc5, 



(£.v=presibent of tl^c Unitcb States. 



Spiegel Grove, Fremont, 0., July 28, 1890. 

My Dear Sir — I am glad to learn that Kenyon is still to live. It would 
he a satisl'actioii to rae to contribute something in aid of the measures you so 
widely recommend. To write for your publication three things are required : 
the facts, the mood lor such work, and leisure. I suspect it will turn out that 
your application to me will prove a water-haul. But I will think of it. And 
1 do wish you all success in the steps you are taking. Your printed paper* 
])uts the question admirably. I hope all other friends of Kenyon will see 
it ;is I do, and help on your present undertaking. Thirteen Presidents since 
1 went to Kenyon in 1838! The worry and confusion indicated by that fact 
would ruin any College, no matter what were its foundation, its opportuni- 
ties and its real merits. 

With all good wishes, sincerely, 

President Bodine, Gambier. RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. 



'Letter to Bishop Vincent. 



316 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



(Dib ^cnyon. 



Air — " Ood Save the King." 



Dear Kenyon, mother dear, 
We come to hail thee here — 

Old sons of thine; 
We come with reverent feet, 
Thy sacred walls to greet, 
The dear, dear friends to meet. 

Of auld lang syne. 

II. 
Dear mother, at thy knee. 
Right loyal children, we 

Bow as of yore: 
Accept the songs we sing. 
Trust the true hearts we bring; 
Under thy shelt'ring wing 

Take us once more. 



Ah! while we lowly bow 
Here, close beside thee now, ' 

Hark! the old Bell! 
Old forms before us rise, 
Old mem'ries fill our eyes. 
Fond fancj', sobbing, tries 

Old tales to tell. 



Yes! Yes! we know them well. 
Those hours the deep-toned bell 
Pealed swift awav; 



Yes, yes, we know them yet, 
Forms we shall ne'er forget, 
Faces that once we met, 
Missed here to-day. 



Long as our lives shall last 
Thoughts o! that buried past 

Shall dearer grow. 
Far pilgrims though we be. 
Our hearts shall cling to thee. 
Our lives look back to see 

That long ago. 

VI. 

With thee our wishes dwell, 
For thee our love we'll tell 

With voice and pen; 
And still our prayers we'll pray 
God keep thee every way — 
And all thy sons shall say — 

Amen! Amen! 



Take then the songs we sing. 
Trust the true hearts we bring - 

True as of yore: 
God bless and keep thee here 
God bless thee year by year, 
God bless thee, mother dear — 

Now — evermore. 



RENYON COLLEGE. 



117 



paper by 2icv. ^kming, 3amc5, T>. D. 



XoTK. — This paper is printed herewith in two ditlerent forms: (1) As 
lead hel'ore tlie Board ol' Trustees at their meeting in June, 1885. (2) As 
puljlished in isS'.t, witli the signatures of certain descendants of Bishop Chase. 



CDriaiiuil Desicnn an^ 3'^"r"*-'y ^'^ 

X letter addressed to Bishop VViiite 
l)y Bishop Chase, on the eve of tiie hit- 
ter's departure to Enghind, exphiins his 
purpose in going. It bears date, New 
York, 23d Sept., 1823. It discusses 
tiiree points: The need of an inde- 
pendent Theological Seminary in tiie 
West for the education of a ministry 
taken from the sons of the soil; the 
plan ol' the proposed Seminary; and the 
question of its independence of tiie 
(leneral Theological Seminary in New 
York. As the letter is long, the follow- 
ing extracts are made, fully explaining 
each point: 

I. Need of an Independent Theolo- 
liicAL Seminary in the West. — Bishop 
Chase thus describes the feeling of his 
last Diocesan Convention, which had 
commissioned him to go to England : 
"If we are to wait until the Atlantic 
States are all supj)lied with clergymen, 
does not the increasing state of the 
(Muirch there forever extinguish the 
eye of hope that any will ever come 
from thence^ And this being the case, 
who will sup])ly our places when we 
are gone, to say nothing of the [larishes 



^Lo tl]c Ht. KcP. the Bishops, 

With the Clergy and Laity of the Prot- 
estant Episcopal Church in the Diocese 
OF Ohio and Southern Ohio. 

We, the descendants of Bishop Phi- 
lander Chase, beg leave to address you, 
his successors in the Episcopate of the 
Church in Ohio, with the clergy and 
laity of the same, in regard to the Sem- 
inary which he founded to supply this 
portion of the Church with ministers. 
For some years past, we fear, this duty 
has been seriously neglected in the In- 
stitution, and there are radical changes 
now proposed which are likely to 
defeat the purpose of the foundation 
still more. 



118 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



unsupplied? So scanty are our libra- 
ries, and so incessantly are we engaged 
in parochial and missionary duties, that 
we can neither assist, direct, nor teach 
the young men who apply to us for 
orders, though they are only a few. If 
the qualifications for the ministry are 
to be kept up to their present standard 
(and we pray that they may ever be 
so), by what, except a miracle, can we 
be supplied with clergymen? The only 
answer to this question was given by 
stating the imperious necessity of hav- 
ing an institution for the education of 
young men for the ministry among 
those who are to be benefitted by their 
labors." j)p. 10, 11. 

II. The Plan of the Proposed Sem- 
inary. — "As to the plan itself, mature 
reflection has fixed on the following, in 
our case most eligible * * * * * 
It is understood that the institution is 
to be under the immediate care of the 
Bishop for the time being, or his sub- 
stitute, assisted by two or more Profes- 
sors of Sacred Learning and a Grammar 
School teacher.'" 

The sections omitted refer to the 
donation of a farm (Bishop Chase's 
gift) on which the students are to raise 
their supplies, iiot to the damage, how- 
ever, of their studies, and to their fur- 
ther employment in printing religious 
tracts and a periodical, pp. 13, 14. 

III. Its Independence of the Gen- 
eral Theological Seminary. — Bishop 
Hobart, of New York, had feared that 
the Ohio Seminaiy would interfere 
with the success of the General Theo- 
logical Seminary which had just been 



The first Bishop of Ohio found the 
Church here badlj^ crippled for want of 
ministers. After the failure of other 
efforts, he went to England, in the fall 
of 1823, to raise money for the purpose 
thus stated in his letter to Bishop 
White, dated September 23, 1823, writ- 
ten just before his departure : " By 
what, ..except a miracle, can we be sup- 
plied with clergymen?" The only an- 
swer to this question was given (in the 
resolutions of the preceding Diocesan 
Convention) by stating the imperious 
necessity of having an Institution for 
the education of young men for the 
ministry among those who are to be 
benefitted by their labors. 



On reaching England, he encount- 
ered a strong opposition. Bishop Ho; 
bart, of New York, feared that a Theo- 
logical Seminary in Ohio would injure 
the General Theological Seminary just 
started in New York Citv. His Iriends 



KEN YON COLLEGE. ]19 



removed to New York. He wrote to 
Bisliop Chase, September 11, 1823 : " It 
(tlie General Theological Seminary) is 
justl.y refjarded as a principal means 
and pledge of her (the Church's) pros- 
perity. With a view to concentrate all 
ujiinions and efibrts, It is contemplated 
to iiive up the branch school at Geneva, 
in this State. A Diocesan school in 
Maryland ***** has, on the 
])rinciple of supporting the General In- 
stitution alone, been put down with 
great unanimity by the last Conven- 
tion. ***** The necessity of 
such a school in Ohio at this time when 
tiiere are scarcely an.v candidates * * 
may well be denied. And should the 
necessity subsequently appear, the 
(General Seminary makes provision for 
the establishment of branch schools.'" 
p. 32. 

In reply, among other things. Bishop 
Cliase refers to Bishop Bowen's letter 
to him as one that highly approves, and 
states the necessity of having, a Theo- 
logical Seminary in the West. p. 18. 
Bishop Bo wen writes from Charleston, 
September 8, 1823 : '• Your clergy must 
be sons of the soil. ****** 
I am fully sensible that, if you have an 
efficient ministry at all, it must be con- 
stituted by the education among your- 
selves of men born and reared among 
yon." p. 2(5. 

Immediately after writing this letter. 
Bishop Chase sailed for England. He 
describes, in a letter written to Bishop 
Mcllvaine, May 26, 1834, the course 
which he took on reaching that coun- 
try. He claims that he would have been 
successful at once '' had I not been met 



120 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



by an American opposition, and that 
from a most respectable source — 
an opposition which condemned my 
plan on the sole ground that it was 
a Theological Seminary.'''' (He alludes 
to Bishop Hobart's ox)position.) "This 
opposition, being extraordinary in it- 
self, was to be met only by extraordi- 
nary means. 'What will you do to 
counteract the tide of opposition that 
is overwhelming you?' said a noble 
friend. My reply was, ' I will rely on 
the Almighty Power, * * * * and 
for the accomplishment of my object 
will pledge all I have of worldly sub- 
stance.' ' Do this,' said he, ' and I will 
aid you to the utmost of my power.' " 
The result may be seen in the follow- 
ing document, never before published, 
but read, alluded to, considered the 
foundation itself on which was framed 
the Constitution of the Theological Sem- 
inary of the Diocese of Ohio: 

" The Bishop of Ohio * * * will 
give his landed property, situate near 
the Village of Worthington, * * * 
to the society, or school, or Theolog- 
ical Seminary, for the education of 
young men for the Christian ministry 
to be organized by the Convention of 
the P. E. Church in the said State of 
Ohio, according to the plan or outline 
stated in his printed letter to the Rt. 
Rev. Bishop White, in Philadelphia, 
dated 23d September, 1823. 

The deed then provides for the legal 
incorporation of the Seminary in such 
sort as to secure its fidelity to the doc- 
trine, etc., of the P. E. Church, and 
i-equires the contribution in P]ngland of 
$ 10,000. It tlien adds : " It is under- 



raised the opposition in England. 
"An opposition," writes Bishop Chase, 
" which condemned my plan on the 
sole ground that it was a Theological 
Semiiiary.''' It staggered an influential 
friend who was ready to introduce the 
Ohio enterprise, until Bishop Chase, to 



reassure him, said : " I will pledge all 
I have of worldly substance for the 
accomplishment of this purpose." The 
result was a deed of donation of the 



Bishop's landed estate at Worthington 
to "the society, or school, or Theological 
Seminary, for the education of young 
men for the Christian ministry to be 
organized by the Convention of the P. 
E. Church in the said State of Ohio, 
acccording to the plan or outline stated 
in his (Bishop Chase's) printed letter 
to the Rt. Rev. Bishop White, in Phila- 
delphia," dated 23d September, 1823. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



ll>] 



stood that the moneys collected for tlie 
above purpose are to be deposited, by 
permission, in the hands of the Rt. 
Hon. Lord Gam1)ier, and not to be 
transmitted to America until the said 
School, or Theological Seminary, shall 
have been, according to the said plan, 
duly and legally incorporated, and a 
title of said landed or other property 
and library in good faith given and 
executed to the said School or Semi- 
nary." (Rem., Vol. 2, pp. 805, 806.) 

This deed bore date November 27, 
1823. It was shortly Ibllowed by a 
meeting of English friends of Bishop 
Chase's cause, who put forth an appeal 
entitled " An Appeal in Behalf of the 
Diocese of Ohio," etc. This appeal re- 
ferred to this deed as containing " the 
plan of thenitended Theological Semi- 
nary." Near the close it says : "Ade- 
quate aid furnished at this juncture 
will consolidate and extend the effici- 
ency of the American Church by con- 
tributing to supply with suitable min- 
isters that vast mass of population 
which is continually emigrating west- 
ward." A subscription is proposed at 
the end to raise a iund for the Theolo- 
gical Seminary in Ohio, " the proceeds 
of which will be vested in government 
securities in the names of the Rt. Hon. 
Lord Grambier and Mr. Hoare, till the 
same shall be drawn for by the proper 
authorities in the Diocese of Ohio." 
These Trustees, to whom were added 
Lord Kenyon and Rev. Dr. Gaskin, put 
forth at once a statement about the 
proposed subscription, the first sentence 
of which sets forth its entire purpose : 
" The undersigned, having engaged to 



This deed of donation was made the 
basis of all the funds raised in England 
at that time. The appeal put forth by 
Lord Gambler and others in response 
to which they were given, refers to this 
deed as containing "The plan of the 
intended Theological Seminary." The 
plan proposed in the letter to Bishop 
White becomes, therefore, of decisive 
authority in determining the purpose 
and character of the Institution then 
founded. (It should be remarked here 
that little stress should be laid on the 
terms College and Seminary^ the latter 
being unfamiliar to English people it is 
said, and the former being used gener- 
ally for all high educational institutions. 
Theological College was used to desig- 
nate what we should call a Theological 
Seminary.) 



122 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



act as Trustees of a fund, now raising in 
this country, to assist in the establisli- 
ment of a Theological Seminary in tiie 
Diocese of Ohio, * * * beg to solicit 
the contributions of benevolent persons 
to that fund." 

These extracts show on what terius 
the proposed fund was raised in Eng- 
land. 

Action after Bishop Chase's return 
FROM England in 1824 and 1825.— Hav- 
ing raised over $25,000 (finally | 30,- 
000) in England, Bishop Chase returned 
to his Diocese, and called a meeting of 
the Convention: It was held in Chil- 
licothe, November 3, 1824. To it the 
Bishop reported his success. " The 
avails of the subscription in England," 
said he, " are deposited in the hands of 
Trustees, * * * and not to be drawn 
for but upon certain conditions, and by 
the proper authorities. What these 
are you will perceive by attending to 
the deed of donation, dated, London, 
November 27, 1823." The Convention 
approved of his course in visiting Eng- 
land to solicit pecuniary aid towards 
establishing a Seminary for the educa- 
tion of ministers in the Church; they, 
further, approved of his conduct, and 
expressed their gratitude to the Eng- 
lish donors. A Committee on the estab- 
lishment of the Theological Seminary 
was appointed, and reported. Their 
report and a Constitution for the Semi- 
nary proposed by them were considered 
bj^ sections, and adopted. (Convention 
Journal, 1824.) 

The report and Constitution were 
based on the deed of donation of No- 
vember 27, 1823, and on the outline of 



The letter lo Bishop White gives 
tills plan as to the literary instruction 
of the students: " It is understood that 
the Institution is to be under the im- 
mediate care of the Bishop for the time 
being, or his substitute, assisted by two 
or more Professors of Sacred Learning 
and a Grammar School Teacher." 
(Reminiscences, Vol. 1, pp. 201, 202.) 

Action after Bishop Chase's return 
FROM England in 1824 and 1825. — Hav- 
ing raised over $25,000 (iinally $30,- 
000) in England, Bishop Chase returned 
to his Diocese and called a meeting of 
the Convention. It was held in Chilli- 
cothe, November 3d, 1824. To it the 
Bishop reported his success. " The 
avails of the subscription in England," 
said he, " are deposited in the hands of 
Trustees, * * * and not to be drawn 
for, but upon certain conditions, and by 
the proper authorities. What these 
are you will perceive by attending to 
the deed of donation, dated, London, 
November 27, 1823. The Convention 
approved of his course in visiting Eng- 
land to solicit pecuniary aid towards 
establishing a Seminary for the educa- 
tion of ministers in the Church ; they 
further approved of his conduct there, 
and expressed their gratitude to the 
English donors. A Committee on the 
establishment of the Theological Semi- 
nary was appointed and reported. Their 
report and a Constitution for the Semi- 
nary proposed by them were considered 
by sections and adopted. (Convention 
Journal for 1824.) 

The report and Constitution were 
based on the deed of donation of No- 
vember 27, 1823, and on the outline of 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



123 



the jjlan of tlie Seminary stated in 
Bishop Ciiase's letter to Bishop White, 
referred to in tlie deed. Tiie seat of 
the Seminary is to be near the Bishop's 
residence. "According to the plan 
which forms the basis and foundation 
of all the donations made, the Bishop 
of the Diocese is to reside at the Semi- 
nary, and to have charge and direction 
of it as one of its principal Professors 
and President, and as such is to receive 
a proper compensation out of the funds 
contributed. The Committee conceive 
thai the essential interests of the Semi- 
nary, as well as the obligations of good 
faith, require that this part of the plan 
be strictly adhered to, so that the seat 
of the Seminary is closely connected 
with the proper point for the Bishop's 
residence; and this connection ought to 
be recollected in all our deliberations 
upon the subject.'' 

Article I. of the Constitution says 
that the Convention " do hereby estab- 
lish a Seminary for the education of 
ministers of the Gospel in the said (P. 
E.) Church.'" No other purpose is men- 
tioned in the report and in the Consti- 
tution. Provision was made for a Board 
of Trustees to direct and manage the 
Seminary; and the General Convention 
of the Church and its Bishops were 
vested with authority to secure the 
fidelity of the Seminary to the princi- 
ples of its foundation. Provision was 
made, further, to obtain an act of incor- 
])oration according to these principles. 

Bishop Chase's chief assistant in 
these measures was Mr. C. Hammond, 
a distinguished lawyer, a man of the 
lii";hest integrilv of character, and of 



the plan of the Seminary stated in 
Bishop Chase's letter to Bishop AVhite 
referred to in the deed. The seat of 
the Seminary is to be near the Bishop's 
residence. ''According to the plan 
which forms the basis and foundation 
of all the donations made, the Bishop 
of the Diocese is to reside at the Semi- 
nary, and to have charge and direction 
of it as one of its principal Professors 
and President, and as such is to receive 
a proper compensation out of the funds 
contributed. The Committee conceive 
that the essential interests of the Semi- 
nary, as well as the obligations of good 
faith, require that this part of the plan 
be strictly adhered to, so that the seat 
of the Seminary is closely connected 
with the proper point for the Bishop's 
residence; and this connection ought to 
be recollected in all our deliberations 
upon the subject." 

Article I. of the Constitution says 
that the Convention " do hereby estab- 
lish a Seminary for the education of 
ministers of the Gospel in the said (P. 
E.) Church.'' No other purpose is men- 
tioned in the report and in the Consti- 
tution. Provision was made for a Board 
of Trustees to direct and manage the 
Seminary; and the General Convention 
of the Church and its Bishops were 
vested with authority to secure the 
fidelity of the Seminary to the pi-inci- 
ples of its foundation. Provision was 
made, further, to obtain an act of incor- 
poration according to these principles. 

Bishop Chase's chief assistant in 
these measures was Mr. C. Hammond, 
a distinguished lawyer, a man of the 
highest integrity of character and of 



124 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



excellent judgment. In a letter to tlie 
Eev. B. P. Aydelott, dated Marcli 2(i. 
1832, he aCtei-wards described liis |)art 
in all the proceedings as ibllows : 

" When Bishop Chase returned from 
Knglanil in the autumn of IS'24, and 
convened a Conveu(i(in ol' (ho Diocese, 
* * * * he addressed nie a letler 
earnestly requesting me to meet him 
there a lew days belore tlie sitting fit 
the Convention. I did so. He com- 
municated to me irankly and I'reely the 
events of his mission, his engagements, 
plans, and object. In contbrmity with 
these, I prepared the Constitution ot 
the Seminary, wliicli was approved by 
him. A{ his suggestion, I agreed to 
serve as I'rustee, and was appointed 
one of tlie Committee of Two to apply 
to the Legislature tor an act of incorpo- 
ration. When at Columbus for this 
purpose, amongst others, in December, 
1824, 1 visited the Bishop, then residing 
at AVorthington. The bill ibr incorpo- 
rating the Seminary was submitted to 
him. He approved it, and it was 
passed without tlie alteration of a sin- 
gle letter."' 

This act of incorporation, so fully 
matured and approved by Bishop 
Chase, is in keeping with the original 
basis. It decjares itself to be based on 
a petition which represented that a 
Seminary for theological education has 
been established by said Convention 
(of Ohio) within this State; it incor- 
porates the institution under the name 
of the "Theological Seminary of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church in the 
Diocese of Ohio," and closes with tiie 
following section: ''Section 4. Tlie 
General Assemblv mav at any time 



cxccdlent judgment. In a letter to 
Ivev. 1!. P. AydeUitt, dated March 2G, 
1S;)2, ht' alterwards described his part 
in all these proceedings as Ibllows: 

"When Bisho]) C 'base returned from 
England in the autumn of 1824, and 
convened a (Vmxcntion of the Diocese, 
■sr -x- -x- s \^^^ addressed me a letter 
I'arnestly requesting me to meet him 
there a lew days before the sitting of 
the Con^■enlion. 1 did so. He com- 
municated to me frankly and freely the 
events of his mission, his engagements, 
plans, and objects. In contbrmity with 
these, I prepared the Constitution of 
I he Seminary, which was approved by 
him. At his suggestion, I agreed to 
serve as Trustee, and was appointed 
one of the t\)mmittee of Two to apply 
to the Legislature Ibr an act of incorpo- 
ration. M'hen at Columbus for this 
purpose, amongst others, in December, 
1824, 1 visited the Bishop, then residing 
at Worthington. Tlie bill for incorpo- 
rating the Seminary was submitted to 
him. , He approved of it, and it was 
passed without the alteration of a sin- 
gle letter," 

This act of incorporation, so fully 
matured and approved by Bishop 
Chase, is in keejung with the original 
basis. It declares itself to be based on 
a ]ietition which represented that a 
Seminary Ibr theological education has 
been established by said Convention 
(of Ohio) within this State; it incorpo- 
rates the Institution under the name 
of the "Theological Seminary of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church in the 
Diocese of Ohio," and closes with the 
following Section; ■"Section 4. The 
General Assemblv nniv. at anv time 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



125 



licrcarttT niodily or rei)eal tliis ;ic1 ; hiil 
no siii'li iiioililication or repeal sluill 
divert I he real and personal estate of 
the Seminary to any other pui-pose tlian 
the education of ministers of the (Jos- 
])<'l in the Protestant Episcopal Church 
in the United States of America." 

< )n a report of all these ])ro('eedin.;is 
t(i the Trustees in Knjiland. who held 
the funds raised for the Seininai'y. 
they put I'ortli a puldication entitled, 
"Statement, by the Trustees of the 
Theoloi^ical Seminary in Ohio, of the 
measui'C's in proirress in reference to 
that Institution.'" 

In this way tliey refer to all the foi-e 
■ioinii' measures, and express theii- 
entire satisfaction with them. 1'his 
statement is dated London, May ?A, 
1825. An attem])t was made the fol- 
liiwiufr Septemhcr tn induce tlicin to 
reijuire further condit iuns hefore \>n\ 
meni of tiic funds in their hands, but 
at a ineetinii held in London September 
12, iS2"), they unanimously passed I ids 
resolution : 

"'/^('■solved. That it aj)pears tiutt the 
Trustees have no power to annex any 
conditions to the payment of the money 
raised in this country, when it shall be 
drawn lor by the proper authorities in 
Ohio, beinj; satisfied as they are that 
the (Constitution of the Seminary estal)- 
lishcd liy the ("(uivenlion ot' < )lii(i is 
conforinaMe to I lie views and wishes 
ol' the lienefaclors to the Seminary.'' 
(Iveni., Vol. L, p. 476. j 

Thus it seems that the original Con- 
stitution of the Theological Seminary, 
and the act of incorporation fully and 
exa<-tly carried out the jn-inciples on 



hereafter, modify or re j)eal this act ; but 
no su(di modilication or re])eal siiall 
divert the real and personal estate of 
the SemiiKiry to any oilier jmrpose than 
I he education of ministers of the Oos- 
p(d in tlie Protestant Episcopal Church 
in the United States of America." 

On a report of all these proceedings 
to the Trustees in England, who still 
h(dd the funds raised for the Semiiuiry, 
they jml forth a publication entitled, 
"Statement, by the Trustees of the 
Theological Seminary in Ohio, of the 
measures in progress in reference to 
that Inslitution." 

In this they reler to all the fore- 
going measures, and (express tlieir 
entire satisfaction with them. This 
statement is dated London, May 31, 
1H25. An attempt was made tlie fol- 
lowing September to indurc them to 
require further conditions belbre pay- 
ment of the funds in their hands; but 
at a meeting hcdd in London Sejitember 
12, 1825, they unanimously passed Ihis 
resolution : 

'■ llcKoli'cil. That it ai^iears that the 
Trustees have no power to annex any 
conditions to the payment of I he money 
raised in Ihis country, when it sliall be 
drawn for by the proper authorities in 
Ohio, being .satistied as they are that 
the Constitution of the Seminary estab- 
lished by the Convention of Ohio is 
conformable to the views and wishes 
ol' the benefactors to the Seminaiy." 
( 1^-m., Vol. L, p. 47(i.) 

Thus il seems that the original Con- 
stitution of the Theological Seminary, 
and the act of incorporation, fully and 
exactly carried out the pi'inciples on 



126 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



which the money was solicited and 
given in England. These principles 
are four : 

1. The sole design of this Theolog- 
ical Seminary is to educate men for 
the ministry of the Protestant Episco- 
pal Church. 

2. The education given shall be 
conformable to the doctrine, and disci- 
pline, and canons of the said Church. 

3. The Seminary must be placed 
near the Bishop's proper place of resi- 
dence, and be under his immediate 
oversight and direction. 

i. The teaching corps shall consist 
of (1) the Bishop of the Diocese, for 
the time being, or his substitute; (2) two 
or more Professors of Sacred Learning ; 
(3) one Grammar School teacher. 

It will thus be seen that the plan 
adopted did not allow the English funds 
to be used for an extended preparatory 
course in academic studies, but did 
contemplate a large and expansible 
course in sacred learning. For acade- 
mic studies it allowed a support from 
the funds for only one grammar school 
teacher, nor might his efficiency in 
teaching candidates for holy prders be 
impaired by the crowding in of other 
pupils. 

Thus the case stood up to the close 
of the Convention of June, 1825. In 
his address to that body, Bishop Chase 
still spoke of "the one great design 
which gave birth to all our efforts, viz.. 
that of founding and erecting a Semi- 
nary, not for the aggrandizement of 
any city, town, or village, but for the 
general encouragement of religion and 
learning in the education of pious 



which the money was solicited and 
given in England. These principles 
are four: 

1. The sole design of this Theolog- 
ical Seminary is to educate men for the 
ministry of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church. 

2. The education given shall be 
conformable to the doctrine, and disci- 
pline, and canons of said Church. 

3. The Seminary must be placed 
near the Bishop's proper place of resi- 
dence, and be under his immediate 
oversight and direction. 

4. The teaching corps shall consist 
of (1) the Bishop of the Diocese, for 
the time being, or his substitute ; (2) two 
or more Professors of Sacred Learning ; 
(3) one Grammar School teacher. 



Thus the case stood, up to the close 
of the Convention of June, 1825. In 
his address to (hat body, Bishop Chase 
still spoke of " the one great design 
which gave birth to all our eflbrts, viz.. 
That of founding and erecting a Semi- 
nary; not for the aggrandizement of 
any city, town, or village, but for the 
general encouragement of religion and, 
learning in the education of pious 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



127 



young men for the Christian Ministry.' 
Nor was any step taken by tliat Con- 
vention looking to any other lliaii I lie 
original plan set forth in tlie letter oi' 
Bishop Chase to Bishop White referred 
to in the deed of donation. 



young men for the Christian Ministry." 
Nor was any step taken by that Con- 
vention looking to any other than the 
original plan set forth in the letter of 
Bishop Chase to Bishop White referred 
to in the deed of donation." 

The success of Bishop Chase in Eng- 
land seems to him to justify a change 
of plan after his return. Years before 
he had become deepl.y interested in 
general education. During his first 
Episcopal year (1819) he had under- 
taken to establish a College for the 
education of young men at Worthing- 
ton. This had little success and was 
abandoned; in 1822 he became Presi- 
dent of the Cincinnati College. This 
also was ^ven up. But in founding 
this new Institution at Worthington, 
in 1825, he reverted to his old aspira- 
tions, and made it a school for general 
learning. But, before proceeding too 
far and making this enlargement irre- 
vocable, he conscientiously endeavored 
to receive the consent of all author- 
ities. He wrote to Lord Kenyon, 
November 21, 1825, asking "that the 
Trustees of the funds in England, 
should in a said deed of gift of the 
said funds annex a condition of the 
establishment of a College in connec- 
tion with the Theological Seminary." 
The English Trustees held a meeting 
January 10, 1826, in which it was re- 
solved, "That it be recommended to 
the Convention of Ohio to incorporate, 
in the Constitution of the Theological 
Seminary, a provision that the funds of 
the Seminary raised in England should 
be appropriated exclusively to the edu- 
cation and theological instruction of 



128 



KENYON COLLEGE, 



The College Annexed in 1826. — 

In his Convention address at Colum- 
bus, June 7, 1826, eighteen months after 
the incorporation, Bishop Chase pro- 
posed an enlargement of the original 
plan. That had contemplated a pre- 
paratory course under a single Grammar 
School teacher. But, when the school 
came to be organized in the summer 
before, the Bishop appointed, not only 
" Mr. Gideon McMillan a teacher of the 
Grammar School," but also "Mr. Wm. 
Sparrow Professor of the Languages, and 
also to the duty, for the present, of a 
Professor of Mathematics." Thirty 
students attended the new school, the 
larger number of whom seem to have 
had no mind for the ministry. . Bishop 
Chase explained his course as follows: 
"We have hitherto proceeded on the 
ground that a College for general learn- 
ing Avould be annexed to the Tlieo- 
logical Seminary. * * * Much ol' tlie 
held of art and science is ojDen alike to 
the physician, civilian and divine. * * * 
The knowledge of the languages, phi- 
losophy, and belles-lettres, is necessary 
to all, and, in the attainment of this, the 
ability and number of the professors and 
teachers, the quality and extent of the 



students for the ministry in the Prot- 
estant Episcopal Church, and that 
further provision be made, so far as is 
practicable, for the admission of other 
students at their own expense to the 
benefit of a college education." A 
provision securing these English offer- 
ings to the original plan, was immedi- 
ately introduced into the Constitution 
and remains there to this day. 

Other steps were taken by Bishop 
Chase, as follows : 

In his Convention address at Colum- 
bus, June 7, 1826, eighteen months after 
the incorporation, Bishoj) Chase pro- 
posed an enlargement of tlie original 
plan. That had contemplated a pre- 
paratory course under a single Grammar 
School teacher. But, when the school 
came to be organized in the summer 
before, the Bishoj) appointed not only 
" Mr. Gideon McMillan a teacher of the 
Grammar School," but also " Mr. Wm. 
Sparrow Professor of the Languages, and 
also to the duty, for the present, of a 
Professor of Mathematics." Thirty 
students attended the new school, the 
larger number of whom seem to have 
had no mind for the ministry. Bishop 
Chase explained his course as follows : 
" AVe have hitherto proceeded on the 
ground that a College for general leai'u- 
ing would be annexed to the Theo- 
logical Seminary. * * * Much of the 
field of art and science is open alike to 
the physician, civilian and divine. * * * 
The knowledge of the huiguages, * * 
* * * and belles-lettres, is necessary 
to all, and, in tlie attainment of this, the 
ability and number of tlie professors and 
teachers, the quality and extent of the 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 129 



liliraries, and tlie usefulness and value li1)raries and the usefulness and value 
of an astronomical and philosophical of an astronomical and philosophical 
apparatus, may be greatly enlarged for apparatus, may he greatly enlarged, for 
the lienefit of each liy a ,juucti(Ui of the benefit of each, liy a junction of 
the funds of I)oth. It was therefore to thf- funds of both. It was, therefore, to 
promote^ noi to impede, the original proiitote. not to impede, the original 
design of our Institution that I have design of our Institution that I have 
endeavored to annex a College of Gen- endeavored to annex a College of Gen- 
eral Science to our Seminary, and to eral Science to our Seminary, and to 
open our doors to students designed open our doors to students designed 
eventually for all the learned i)rofes- eventually for all the learned profes- 
sions." sions." 

His address closed with proposing two His address closed with proposing two 
courses : " Either to conline our Semi- courses : " Either to confine our Semi- 
nary to theological candidates only, nary to theological candidates only, 
or, if we receive students in general or, if we receive students in general 
science, to lay a foundation sufficiently science, to lay a foundation sufficiently 
strong and large to sustain the magni- strong and large to sustain the magni- 
tude of the College which must be tude of the College which must be 
reared to do these students justice." reared to do these students justice.'" 

Anticipating the decision of the t'on- Anticipating the decision of tiie Con- 
vention, the Bishop had already taken vention, the Bishop had already taken 
two steps. The first was reported in two steps. The first was reported in 
the address as follows: "Having oli- the address as follows: "Having ob- 
tained the means to complete the edu tained the means to complete the edu- 
cation of young men for the rece]iti(>n cation of young men for the reception 
of degrees in the arts and sciences, it of degrees in the arts and sciences, it 
seemed no more than reasonable and seemed no more than reasonable and 
just that the President and Professors just dial I lie President and I'rofessors 
by whom they are educated should by whom they were educated should 
have the power of co/iferr/'/ig these have the power of conferring these 
degrees. degrees. 

Accordingly, 1 thought it uiy duty to Accordingly, 1 Ihought if my dulv lo 

petition the civil government tor such petition the civil government for such 

a privilege; and I am most hap])y to a privilege; and 1 am most ha])py to 

state to this Convention that the state to this Convention that the 

prayer was granted with unusual una- jirayer was grantt'd with unusual una- 



130 



KENTON COLLEGE. 



nimity and cheerfulness. The act, 
dated January 24, 1826, was as fol- 
lows : 

"An Act supplementary to the act entitled 
'An act to incorporate the Theological Sem- 
inary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 
the Diocese of Ohio. 

"Section 1. Be it enacted hy the 
General Assembly nf the State of Ohio, 
That the President and Professors of 
said Seminary shall be considered as 
the Faculty of a College, and, as such, 
have the power of conferring degrees 
in the arts and sciences, and of per- 
forming all such other acts as pertain 
unto the Faculties of Colleges for the 
encouragement and reward of learning, 
and the name and style, by which the 
said degrees shall be conferred and the 
certificates of learning given, shall be 
that of the Pi-esident and Professors of 
Kenyon College in the State of Ohio." 

This step was taken by the Bishop 
on his own responsibility. No previous 
sanction of it by the Convention or the 
Trustees is on record, and Mr. Ham- 
mond states that there was none. (See 
Aydelott's answer, foot-note, p. 29. ) 

The other step was to purchase, by a 
conditional contract, 8,000 acres of land 
around the present site of the Semi- 
nary. Mr. C. 'Hammond had already 
written Bishop C!hase a letter on the 
purchase of lands, and incidentally dis- 
cussed at length the enlargement of 
plans subsequently proposed in June, 
1826. He said: "This Seminary should 
be strictly theological. As I view the 
subject, this is indispensable. The funds 
have been contributed ibr this special 
purpose. It was not asked in England 



nimity and cheerfulness." The act, 
dated January 24, 1826, was as fol- 
■■lows : 

"An Act supplementary to the act entitled 
'An Act to incorporate the Theological Sem- 
inary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 
the Diocese of Ohio. 

Skction 1. Be it enacted hy the 
General Assemhly of the State of Ohio, 
That the President and Professors of 
said Seminary shall be considered as 
the Faculty of a College, and, as such, 
have the power of conferring degrees 
in the arts and sciences, and of per- 
ibi-ming all sucli otiier acts as pertain 
unlo the Faculties of Colleges for the 
encouragement and reward of learning, 
and the name and style, by which the 
said degrees shall be conferred and the 
certificates of learning given, shall be 
that of the President and Professors of 
Kenyon College in (he State of Ohio." 



The other step Avas to purchase, by a 
conditional contract, 8,000 acres of land 
around the present site of the Semi- 
nary. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 131 



that IuikIs slioiild lie raised there to 
I'oimd in Ohio an insliliition for u'eneral 
education. * * * * * II would he, 
therefore, a dejiarlure from the ohjeet 
and intent of the donors thus to apply 
the funds, unless such application could 
he con.sidered adjutory to the main 
object; and my judsiiuent is, tluit it can 
not be so considered. The teaciier of a 
Grammar School who bestows his whole 
attention on til'teen scholars, ran cer- 
tainly instruct and improve them much 
more eiTectually than he could do were 
his attention divided among thirty. * * 

"By receiving into a Grammar 
School of fifteen scholars fifteen others 
w iio have no such intention, those who 
liave religious views are exposed * * * 
to lie contaminated with the vices and 
levities peculiar to youth in all situa- 
tions where no religious feelings oper- 
ate as a restraint. * * * * j^ an 
institution, jirofessedly religious, the 
discipline prescribed might properly be 
founded on a more elevated rule of 
conduct than is generally adopted in 
mere common Seminaries. 

* * * "If we attempt and succeed 
in establishing a general Seminary of 
education, and collect in it a large 
number of students for every profes- 
sion, and for none, I should consider 
that we had unfortunately mistaken 
our true interest, as well as departed 
from the course of duty. By involving 
ourselves in the multiplied labors of 
managing such an institution, we 
should find difficulties, embarrassment, 
and vexation." 

Mr. Hammond, it will be remem- 
l)ered, had been Bishop Chase's friend 



132 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



and adviser, who, in full consultation 
with him on his return I'rom England, 
had prepared the Constitution of the 
Seminary, and submitted to him the 
bill for incorporating the vSeminary, 
receiving in Ijoth cases the Bishop's 
full approval. 

Bishop Chase himself shows, in his 
Convention Address of 1826, that he had 
considered the grave moral dilBculty 
involved in the proposed annexation. 
He says : " In joining a College to the 
Seminary, it is an indispensable condi- 
tion that our funds increase in propor- 
tion to the magnitude of the design. 
To open our Institution to tlie public 
without an equivalent — I mean an 
estate or property equal, at least, to 
the fund collected in England — would 
be as unreasonable as unjust." 

The equivalent which he proposed to 
ofler consisted mainlj^ in a speculative 
investment of the Seminary funds for 
the benefit of the prospective College. 
To use the Bishop's language in the 
address, "'It (this equivalent) is pre- 
sented to you in the proposition to sell 
us at a reduced price 8,000 aci'es of 
laud. The sale of one-half of this tract, 
joined with the subscriptions already 
obtained and yet expected, will more 
than pay for the whole. The remain- 
ing 4,000 acres, with the Seminary 
thereon, valuable as it is in itself, must 
and will constitute an equivalent, if not 
far exceed in value the whole collec- 
tions from abroad." 

The Bishop's proposition of enlarge- 
ment was so far adopted by the Con- 
vention of 1826 as to append the fol- 



The Bishop's proposition of enlarge- 
ment was so far adopted by the Con- 
vention of 1826 as to append the fol- 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



133 



lowing' proviso to Article 10 of the 
(Constitution of the Seminary: 

"Provided, tiiat no alteration or 
amendment whatever be made in this 
Constitution, whereby the funds of tlic 
Seminary, raised in England, be appro 
priated to any other use than the edu- 
cation and theological instruction of 
students for the ministry in the Pro- 
testant Episcopal Church. I'his ]iro 
viso, however, does not preclude the 
lawfulness and constitutionality of an- 
nexing a College to the Seminary, and 
making provision, so far as is practica- 
ble, for the admission of other students, 
at their own expense, to the benefit of 
a College education." 

The same C^onvention further passed 
resolutions confirming the conditional 
contract for the 8,000 acres of land in 
Knox County, and fixing thereon the 
permanent site of the Seminary and 
College. This will fulfil the original 
intention of the donors to have '' the 
seat of the Seminary closely connected 
with the proper point for the Bishop's 
residence," as long as the Bishop of 
Ohio continues to reside at Gambler, 
and no longer. This connection, it will 
be remembered, was declared by the 
Convention of 1824, which formed the 
original Convention, to be '"'• accordhuj 
to the plan which forins the basis and 
foundation of all the donations made. 
* * * iTig essential interests of the 
Seminari/, as well as the obligations of 
good faith, require that this part of the 
plan be strictly adhered to.'' 

Thus it appears clearly that Kenyon 
College was not a part of the original 
design, but was an annex to the Semi- 



lowiiig proviso to Article 10 of the 
Constitution of the Seminary : 

^^Prorided, that no idteration or 
amendment whatever l)e made in tiiis 
Constitution, whereby the funds of the 
Seminary raised in England, be appro- 
priated to any other use than the edu- 
cation and theological instruction of 
students for the ministry of the I'ro- 
testant Episcopal Chunli. l'l:is pro- 
viso, however, does not j)rei-lu(le the 
lawfulness and constitutionality of an- 
nexing a College to the Seminary, and 
making provision, so far as is practica- 
ble, for the admission of other students, 
at their own expense, to tiie benefit of 
a College education." 

The same Convention, further, passed 
resolutions confirming the ('((nditioiud 
contract for the 8,000 acres of laud in 
Knox County, and fixing thereon the 
permanent site of the Seminary and 
College. This will fulfil the original 
intention of the donors to have ''the 
seat of the Seminary closely connected 
tvith the proper point for the Bishop'' s 
residence,^'' as long as the Bishop of 
Ohio continues to reside at (lambier, 
and no longer. This connection, it will 
l)e remembered, was declared by the 
Convention of 1824, which formed the 
original Constitution to be " according 
to the plan which forms the basis and 
fiiindation of all the donations made. 
* * * The essential interests of the 
Seminwy, as well as the obligations of 
good faith, require that this part of the 
plan be strictly adhered to.'' 

Thus it appears clearly that Kenyon 
College was not a part of the original 
design, but was an anne.f to the Semi- 



134 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



n.ary. It is equally clear that Bishop 
Chase considered it " as unreasonable 
as unjust. " to impose the additional ex- 
pense without providing an ample ad- 
ditional capital to bear it. 



nary. It is equally clear that Bishop 
Chase considered it " as unreasonable 
as unjusV^ to impose the additional ex- 
pense without jjroviding an amply ad- 
ditional capital to bear it. 

But had Bishop Chase abandoned his 
original plan ? Had he " merged the 
Seminary into a College," as was as- 
serted later on? A superficial judg- 
ment might say so. He engaged with 
all liis ardor in building up Kenyon 
College. Much of tiie monej^ obtained 
in England was spent upon it. The 
Theological Seminary was not opened 
till Bishop Mcllvaine's arrival in 1833. 
Yet it must be remembered that Bisliop 
Chase's plans were arrested midway in 
their completion. Having enlarged his 
plan, he first undertook to build up the 
College, meaning doubtless to add the 
Seminary in due order of development. 
He had unbounded and justifiable con- 
fidence in God's help and his own abil- 
ity to raise money as it should be 
needed lor (lie final development. 
Moreover, he had $18,000 of the Eng- 
lish funds secured in lands, and, had his 
purpose ibr these lands been carried 
out, there would now be ample endow- 
ment for all departments of the insti- 
tution. Finally, we must recall his 
Convention xVddress of 1826, and his 
expectation (liat the College "would 
not impede but promote the original 
design." And consider the vigorous 
protests he made repeatedly against 
"merging the Seminary into the Col 
lege," after he resigned the Ohio Episco- 
pate. These are embodied in his letter 
to Bishop Mcllvaine. (Remin., Vol. 2, 
Ch. X.) The cause of his resignation 



KENYON COLLKGE. I35 



\v:is llu' atUMiipl to <l(']>ri\c liiin, ms lie 
liriiil>' lii'lievcil, of (he iiimiediale 
cliarm' mill siiperiiiteiulciicc, i;iiaraii 
U'cd liiiii as liislioj) (il'Oliio in llu- deed 
(if doiial ion. 'I'liis atlcnipl was hased 
on liic " nicrfiinii' " ](rorcss wliicii lie 
was allciicd lo have caiTicil oul. 'i'his 
lacl. deserves altenlion now, in view 
of the ])resent atteinpl lo onsi the 
Bisliops ill ()liio iVoni Ihcir co (irdin;ilc 
antiiority. 

Tile jiarainoiml iiiiportanre ol' the 'Ihe pai-ainoiiiil ini|iorlance ol' Ilic 

Seminary a])pears in itishop Mcll Seminary appears in iJisJiop Mcll 

value's first action. Almost his lirsl value's lirsl actions. AlmosI his lirst 

etlbrt after conseeration, was to raise ell'orl alter <'oiisecration was lo raise 

money for Gaml)ier. money lor ( iamhier. 

His Convention address of 1833 says: His Oonventioii ad<lress of 1S33 says: 
" Having seen the immense importance " Havinji' seen tlie immense importance 
of Kenyon College, (so he called all the of Kenyon College, (he called all the 
Institutions collectively) particularly of institutions collectively) parliciihirly of 
the Theological department connected the 'i'heological department coiinecleil 
with it, to' the supply of ministers of with it, to the supply of minisleis of 
the Gospel for the swelling population the (iospel, for the swidling ]iopnlalion 
of the West, and esj)eclally for the desli- of the West, and especially for I he desti- 
tute and multiplying ])arishes of Ohio, tnle and multiplying [larishes in Ohio, 
having seen also the great necessities having seen also the great necessities 
of that institution, and how entirely it of that institution, and how entirely It 
must fail of accomplishing its great must fail of accomplishing its great 
purposes unless means should be raised pur])oses unless means should hi' raised 
to erect additional buildings for stu to creel suilahle Imildings for sin 
dents and Instructors, I conceived that <leiits and inslruclois, I concei\ed that 
I could ill no way em])l(iy my time * * i could in no way use my time * * * 
so a<lvanlageoiisly to Ihe Diocese as in so ad\anlageoiisly to (he l)ioces(> as In 
an etfort to raisi' (he recjuired con(ri- an ell'orl lo raise (he riMjiiired condi 
luitions." bill ions." 

At an early date he fell (ha( his At an early dale he l(dl thai his 

Episcopate must be relieved of (he Episcopate must be relieved of (he 

College Presidency. In 1835, he asked College Pi'esidency. In 1S3r) he asked 

the Convention for relief, and tiiiilly, the Convention lor relief, and (inally, 

in 1839, an act was procured from the in 1839, an act was iirociired in J.egis- 



13(] 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



Legislature under which the Institu- 
tions liave ever since been nianaf>:e(l. 
II i-eails as folhiws : 

"An Act further supplementary to an Act 
entitled 'An Act to incorporate the Theolo- 
gical Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the Diocese of Ohio.' 

"Section 1. Be it einicled hij the 
OenercU Asseiiili/i/ of the iState of Oh to. 
That the Trustees of the Tlieological 
Seiuiuary ol' the Protestant Episcopal 
Chui'cli ill I he Diocese of Ohio shall 
ha\»' power It) establish in connection 
with said Seminary a Oolley,'e and 
halls for preparatory education; that 
lliey shall have the care and nianajie- 
nienl ol' all properly wiiicii lias been or 
may lierearier be iiiven or is otherwise 
possessed I'or the use and beuelil of tlu' 
same; and to appoint a Presideul and 
Prol'essors, and all necessary oIliccM-s 
ibr the purposes of governmeul and 
instruction in said Oollege and halls." 

'Two other sections follow, constitut- 
iiig Ihe Iwo Faculties, and authorizing 
them lo coul'er degrees. It appears 
from Secti(Ui I that no property under 
control of the Trustees shall be used 
for ihe beuelil of the said College and 
halls but such as was given to or pos- 
sessed by them i].ccording to expressed 
tf^rms. 

(.\)Uiuientiug on this supplementary 
act in his address to the Convention 
which subsequently adopted it. Bishop 
Mcllvaine said : " I do desire the 
change of Presidency, ^" * * but 1 
desire it only on condition that, in sur- 
rendering the Presidency, the Bishop 
shall receive a substitute of authority 



lature under which the Institutions 
have ever since lieen managed. It 
reads as follows : 

"An Act further supplementary to an Act 
entitled 'An Act to incorporate the Theolo- 
gical Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal 
C huich in the Diocese of Ohio.' 

"Si'X'TioN 1. Be it eiiaeted * * * 
* * ■%• ■* -x- * * * * * * * 

Tiiat the Trustees of the Theological 
Seminaiy of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the Diocese of Ohio shall 
have power to establish in connection 
with said Seminary a College and 
halls Ibr preparatory education ; that 
they shall have the care and manage- 
ment of all property which has been or 
may hereafter be given or is otherwise 
]>ossessed lor the use and benefit of the 
same; and to appoint a President and 
Professors, and all other necessary offi- 
cers lor the purposes of government and 
instruction in said College and halls." 

The other sections tbllow, constitut- 
ing the Iwo Faculties and authorizing 
them lo confer degrees. It appears 
from Section 1 that no property under 
the control of the Trustees shall be used 
for the lienetit of the said College and 
halls, but such as was given to or pos- 
sessed by them according to expressed 
terms. 

Commeuling on this supplementary 
act iu his address to the Convention 
which subsequently adopted it. Bishop 
Mcllvaine said, " I do desire the 
ciiauge of Presidency, * * * but I 
desire it only on condition that, in sur- 
rendering the Presidency, the Bisliop 
shall receive a substitute of anthoritv 



KENYON COLLEGE, 337 



quite equivalent for tlie purposes oi-iiii iiiiilc ('(|iiiv,ilcnl lor the purposes origi 

nally conteiujjlated; only on condition imlly conlcniplnlcil ; oiil\' on conilition 

tiiat llic College shall remain in ils llial llie ( 'oileiic siiall r<Mnaiii in ils 

new position (juile as nincli honnd lo new |iosilioii (|nilc as niiidi liound lo 

l)e sli-ielly Kpiscopal in its [irineiples, he strirtly I'liiisropal in ils ])rinci|iles, 

and aims, and inlhiences, as il is at and aims, and intliienees, as it is at 

|)resent iionnd (o he; only on (-(nidition pi'eseiit hound to he; (>n\v on coiidilion 

thai wliile sindi ('ollege shall l)e situ tiiat,\\lMle such Coih'iic shall he sitii- 

aled on tile lands and in the huildinjis aled on the lands and in the hui!dini;s 

lielonginjt to the Theoloiiical Senunary, lielon-iin^- to tlie 'J'heoloftical Sennnaiw 

whatever is now liie ])roper(y of said whatever is now tiie ])ropeit\ of said 

Sennnai-y the 'I'nistees shall not lie Seminai'V the Ti'iistees shall not he 

pei-nutled to make, in any sense, the jiernutted to make, in any sense, the 

properly of the College. Let such property of the Colle'^c. Le| such 

conditions he secured — let Iheni he conditions he secni-ed hy heinn' made 

secured by being made part and ])arc(d part and piircid of the Constilulion of 

of the ("onslilntion of Ihe 'I'heoloiiical the Theolofiical Seminary, and I shall 

Seminary, and 1 sludl he salislied. he salislied — otherwise I am entirelv 

Otherwise 1 am entirely opposed to op|)ose(l lo an\- cham^c in the picseut 

any change in tiie present organiza- organizalicni." 
lion." 

A comniitlee, ajjpoiiited at Ihe l>ish- A commit tee. appointeil ;is t he liishop 

oi>'s request, reported on the subject of re(|uested, reported on Ihe suhjecl of 

tiie proj)osed change in the ('onslitu- llie proposed change in the Constitii 

tion. They say: " ll is well known lion. They s;iy: "It is well known 

that Ihe Inslitution at (iambier was linit Ihe Instilnlion at (lanihier was 

originally estahlislied lor purposes of originally eslahlished |oi- purposes of 

theological educalioii only. Subse- Theologi<'al education only. Suhs(>- 

(juently, it was deemed important to quentiy it was deemed impoitaul lo 

enlarge the \)\nn by the organization of erdarge the ]ilaii hy the oi-ganizalion of 

a department devoted to instruction in a de])artnient devoted to instruction in 

the arts and sciences. * * * * ']'li(. the arts ;iud sciences. * * '■ ■'■ The 

Bishop of the Diocese, as President of Hishop of I he Diocese, as {'resident of 

the Seminary, liecaine also President the Seminary, hec:inie also Pi-esideut 

of the College; and, in this position of (tf the ('(jliege. And, in this |iosili(ni of 

her Diocesan, the Church of Ohio saw her Diocesan, the ('hurcli of (»hio saw 

iier great secnriiy I'or Ihe traiinng U]) her great security for the traiuim: up 

of her sons in the jirincijjles of lier of her sons in the pi-iiiciple> <if her 

]irecious faith.'" Sj)eaking then <»f the precious failh." Speaking tin u of the 

acl of Legislature just secured hy the act of Legislature just seemed hy Ihe 



138 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



Trustees, and given iiliove. Iliey say: 
''The Committee do nol think this act 
the best that might have been devised. 
Tliey conceive tliat it authorizes a 
departure from the original principle of 
the wliole institution, * * * * for, 
whilst lakiiiii away his (tiie Hisliop's) 
power, anil tiiereby withdrawing from 
llie Church its great security I'or the 
constancy of the College in her service, 
it gives no countervailing advantage or 
equivalent safeguard. They are per- 
suaded, however, tbat these delects 
may be remedied by the introduction 
of a few additions to the Constitution 
under which the Board of Trustees are 
appointed, and by w'hich they must 
he governed in the exercise of their 
oliici', however much more extensive 
may he llieir jxiwer under the recent 
sup[)leincnt to the charter." 

Accordingly, they sul)milted three 
distinct additions to the Constitution. 

Isl. "No odicer of the Seminary, or 
(if any Institution that nuvy be annexed 
llu'relo, shall lie eligible to said Board 
of Trustees. 

^d. (As in subsequent resolution.) 
"During llie rece.ss of the Board, the 
Bishop shall he the rrudential Com- 
mittee in all s,ecular matters of the 
Inslilulion. 

od. "'fhe Board ol' Trustees * * * 
shall aiuiex to the Seminary a College, 
with llie necessary preparat(U'y schools, 
subjecl, like the Seminary, to tht' jiro- 
visions of the Tth and Sth articles of 
the Constitution, which College shall 
have a separate President and Faculty; 
* * * * provided, that the President 



Trustees, and given above, they say: 
'• The Committee do not thiidv this act 
the best that might have been devised. 
They conceive that it authorizes a 
departure from tiie original principle of 
the whole institution, * * * for, 
whilst taking away his (the Bishop's) 
power, and thereby withdrawing from 
the Church its great security for the 
constancy of the College in her service, 
it gives no countervailing advantage or 
equivalent safeguard. They are per- 
suaded, however, that the defects 
may be remedied by the introduction 
of a lew additions to the Constitution 
under wdiich the Board of Trustees are 
appointed, and by which they must 
be governed in the exercise of their 
otKce, however much more extended 
nuvy be their power under the recent 
supplement to the charter." 

Accordingly, they submitted three 
distinct additions : 

1st. "No otHcer of the Seminary, or 
any institution that may be annexed 
thereto, shall be eligible to said Board" 
(Of Trustees). 

'2d. ( As in subsequent resolutions.) 
"During the recess of the Board, the 
Bishop shall be the Prudential Com- 
mittee in all secular nuitters of the 
institution. 

3d. " The Board of Trustees * * * 
shall annex to the Seminary a College, 
with the necessary preparatory schools, 
subject like the Seminary to the pro- 
visions of the seventh and eighth 
articles of the Constitution, which shall 
have a separate President and Faculty; 
* * * * provided that the President 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



139 



lit' apjioiiittMl on tlie iKimination ol' llie 
ISishoji of till' Diocese; provided, also, 
llial his Ki)iscopal supervision and 
authority be understood as embraciiif; 
tlie spiritual interests of the Oollefi'^ 
and its preparatory sciiools, and thai 
the present property of the said Send 
nary, whatever use the Trustees may 
pernut tlie College to make of any part 
thereof, shall always remain extdusivi'ly 
the property of the Seminary." 

The Convention (of 1839) immedi- 
ately passed all three of the pi-ojiosed 
amendments, no chaniie beiiiii; suu- 
gested in any but the first. It was 
moved, indeed, to make the President 
of the College eligilile to the Board of 
Trustees; but, on a vote by orders, it 
was negatived by a large majority. 

The Board of Trustees, in their report 
at this important juncture, describing 
the various departments, said: "The 
Theological Seminary has evci- been 
deemed by the Trustees as pai'amonnt 
in ini]iortance, to the prosjjerity of 
which their own best ellbi'ts, and a 
lai'ge proportion of the funds commit 
ted to their care, were to be sacredly 
devoted." (See Convention Journal, 
1839, for all these extracts.) 

In the same year, a little earliei-, 
Hish(jp Mcllvaine made an address at 
the laying of tlie corner stone of liexley 
Hall. In it he gave a brief liislory of 
t he original ion of the (Jollege, on w inch 
IJishop ('base, the origiiud founder, 
makes this remark, in his own itidics: 

"■ Thus originated what is now I'allcd 
Kenyon ('ollege: '\i/i /iin/il iitinn 
liariiKj no ntrovptinil'ioiu ii<i /irii/icrli/, 
no Ti'uxteen, no F<triil(ij, crcfpl as it i.s 



lie a|)pointed on the nonduatiim of the 
Hishop of the Diocese; provided, also, 
that his Episcopal supervision and 
authority be understood as endiracing 
the spiritual interests of the College 
and its ])reparatory schools, and that 
the present projierty of the said Semi 
nai-y, whatever use the Trustees may 
liennil the College (o make of any part 
thereof, shall always remain exclusively 
the property of the Seminary." 

The Convention (of ls;;!») immedi- 
ately passed all three of tiiese proposed 
amendments, no change being sug- 
gested in any bid the lirsl. It was 
moved, indeed, to make the I'resident 
of the College eligible to the lioard of 
'J'l-iistees', but, on a vote by orders, it 
was negatived by a lai'ge majoi'ity. 

The Board of Trustees, in their report 
at this iniportaiil jiiiicliire, describing 
the various dejiart meiits, said: '"The 
Theological Seminary has e\er been 
deemed by the Trustees as paranioiiiit 
ill importance, to the prosjierity of 
which their own best ell'orts. and a 
large ]ioi-tiou of the funds comniitli'd 
to their care, were to be sacredly 
devoted. (See Convention .loiirual, 
Is.'J'.t, for all the foregoing extracts.) 
In the same year, a little earlier. 
Bishop Mcllvaine made an address at 
the laying of the comer stone of Bexley 
Hall. Ill it lie gave a brief history of 
t he origiiiat ioii of t he College, on which 
Hishop (Miase, its original founder, 
makes (his remark, in liis own italics: 

" Thus oi-igiiiated what is now called 
Keuyoii ('ollege.' ".1/; inntif niton 
liornii/ no nifor)ior(ii ion^ no jiropfrhj. 
no 'I'mstees, no Fitcnltij^ cvevpt as it iti 



140 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



a part and parcel of the Theological 
Semmary, being simply a preparatory 
branch of that Seminary, having this 
only for its distinctive College feature, 
that when the Faculty of the Theolog- 
ical Seminary are acting in reference to 
the affairs of that preparatory branch, 
they act as the Faculty of a College; 
and when they confer degrees upon the 
graduates of that branch, they do so, 
not in the name of the President and 
Professorsofthe Theological Seminary, 
hut of Kenyon College?'' ( Rem., VoL 
II., p. 172.) 

This explicit utterance ol' Bishop 
Chase, after he had left Gainbier for- 
ever, and reflected upon his whole 
course there — years after — shows what 
had been his fundamental thought 
all along, however much he allowed 
himself to be absorbed for the time in 
the preparatory branch, which had first 
to be developed. 

Thus, in that important year of re- 
construction, 1839, twelve years after 
the return of Bishop Chase with the 
English funds, after every department 
had been matured, and when the final 
reconstruction, under which all are 
now constituted, was made, we have 
put on record by each of the four great 
authorities concefned, the Founder, the 
Reconstructor, the Convention, and the 
Board of Trustees, a deliberate, formal 
and explicit declaration that, of all the 
institutions in Gambler under that 
Board, the Theological Seminary was 
originally paramount, and that all the 
others were annexed to it. 

We see also that the utmost care was 
taken to preserve its possession of its 



a part and parcel of the Theological 
Seminary, being simply a preparatory 
branch of that Seminary, having this 
only for its distinctive college feature, 
that when the Faculty of the Theolog- 
ical Seminary are acting in reference to 
the affairs of that preparatory branch. 



* * * * * they do so, 

not in the name of the President and 
Professors of the Theological Seminary, 
but of Kenyon College.''^ ( Rem., Vol. 
II., p. 172.) 

This explicit utterance of Bishop 
Chase after he had left Gambier for- 
ever, and reflected upon his whole 
course there, years after, shows what 
had been his fundamental thought 
all along, however much he allowed 
himself to be absorbed for the time in 
the preparatory branch, which had first 
to be developed. 

Thus, in that important year of re- 
construction, 1839, twelve years after 
the retiu-n of Bishop Chase with the ' 
English funds, after every department 
had been matured, and when the final 
reconstruction under which all are 
now constituted was made, we have 
put on record by each of the four great 
authorities concerned, the Founder, the 
Reconstructor, the Convention, and the 
Board of Trustees, a deliberate, formal 
and explicit declaration that, of all the 
Institutions in Gambier under the 
Board, the Theological Seminary is 
originally paramount, as all the others 
were annexed to it. 

We see also that the utmost care was 
taken to preserve its possession of its 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



141 



property, and tliat tlie supplementary 
act of Legislature, which authorized 
the present order oi' administration and 
teaching, clearl}' implied that whatever 
was not given to the College and prep- 
aratory halls, or otherwise possessed by 
them, was the property of the Semi- 
nary. The College and halls could, at 
most, have the use of some of this 
property, land and buildings evidently 
being meant, but no right was given 
or could be given to sell the property 
of the Seminary and use it for the 
other branches. This will have to be 
kept in mind in considering the sale 
of the lands subsequently made. 

E.XPENDITrRES UpON THE SEMINARY 

Proper. — Having seen what was the 
original and paramount design of the 
schools in (iambier, it is now time to 
consider how far the funds given were 
used for this end. In his Convention 
address of 1842, Bishop Mcllvaine said: 
"It is now nine years since a full 
course in all the usual departments of 
preparation of candidates for orders in 
onr Church was set up. During all 
that period there has been devoted to 
Theological students, on an average, an 
amount of labor equivalent to that of 
two professors devoting all their time 
and a third giving half his time to their 
instruction. For the compensation of 
this labor there has been the endow 
inent of the Milnor professorship, which 
* * * never since I have been in 
()hio has produced more than $570 per 
annum. Besides this, there was for 
live years an endowment of the Profes- 
sorship of Biblical Literature, etc., with 
$600 per annum, which I obtained in 



lu'opei'ty ; and that the su]i]iienientary 
act of Legislature, wliicli authorized 
the present order of adniinisd-ation and 
teaching, clearly implied (hat whatever 
was not given to the College and prep- 
aratory halls, or otherwise possessed by 
them, was the property of the Semi- 
nary. The College and halls could, at 
most, have the use of some of tliis 
projierty, land and buildings evidently 
being meant ; liut no right was given, 
or could be given, to sell the property 
of the vSeminary and use it lor the 
other branches. This will have to be 
kej)t in mind in considering the sale 
iif tile lands subsequently made. 

A due consideration of the facts 
stated above shows how far the Trus- 
tees have departed I'rom Bishop Chase's 
original design and subsequent en- 
largement. The members of Bishop 
Chase's iamily, who survive him, view 
witli alarm the changes already made, 
and those still more revolutionary 
which are now proposed. It is lo (hem 
the source of profound regret, also, 
(hat (lie English funds which were so 
sacredly se( apart and secured in lands, 
rapidly enhancing in value for the ])ur- 
pose of supplying the Church in Ohio 
with ministers trained under (he imme- 
diate care of their own Bishojis, have 
been spent so largely in defraying (he 
curren( expenses of the College. 

Only a few hundred acres an> left of 
all that valualile domain which was (o 
have endowed the Theological Semi- 
nary. In return (or this the only benefit 
which the Seminary has received has 
been the education of less than half 
(he students trained in Bexlev — a 



142 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



annual suliscriiilions in Brooklyn and 
Now York l)er(irt' I came to reside in 
Oiiio. ''■■ * *■ Since llie exjiiralion 
of llie l('ni])()rar\' endowinenl * * * 
of coni'se there was I lie neci'ssity of 
l(i(i]-;inii for aid to oilier sonrces. * * 
ll lias drawn from llie i;'eneral income 
of Ihe corporalion dnrini:' all the time 
of ils heinji in ojH'i-alion only •t-W'-*^- 
'J'he nexl yi'ai' il drew !/f^4'^i) more, 
accordinii (o llie ('(nivenlion address 
of 1S4.'>; (ir, in all, during the lirst ten 
yi'ars oC ils existence, the kSeininary 
drew Irom Ihe general income of Ihe 
corporalidn only !(!3,]S(). Indeed, 
tliongh ihe main oh.jecl, il was nol 
opened riilly I ill is;!;!, having gradu- 
aled ii]i lo Ihal lime only six Iheolog- 
ical sdidenls. (See (ieneral L'alalogiie 
and Convention Journal 1834, p. 1!).) 
Rexley Hall had, indeed, been built, 
bill Willi riinds s])eci;illy given for that 
purpose in England, !|^ 12,(>00. (Oon- 
vention Journal, 1835, p. 14.) 

The Convention Journal of 1S4S, (p. 
39) reports four professors in the Semi- 
nary : 

I'rof. Smith, (wlio had been there 
three years), no salary. 

Prof. Wing, (who had been there live 
years), !t!(>00 salary. 

Prof. Brooke, "(who had been there 
two years), no salary. 

President Bronson, (who had been 
there three years), .tliOO salary. 

Half his lime, al least, was given to 
the annex, of which he was President, 
and a suitable deduction should be 
made. As the Mil nor endowment still 
yielded the Seminary !|i 570 per annum, 
the Seminarv could not have drawn 



gTeat benefit, indeed, but dearly pur- 
chased by the destruction of its great 
and sacred endowment. And the fact 
remains, that this portion of its students 
could have received their preparatory 
training like the rest, at other colleges, 
with no cost lo this institution. 

A careful calculation will show^, we 
think, that a judicious use of this en- 
dowment would have swelled its 
amount by this time to over a quarter 
of a million of dollars. 

We 'understand that reparation is in 
the power of the Board. Some of the 
original lands remain unsold; there is 
a general iund on hand, though not a 
large one ; tliere are four endowments, 
aggregating over $ 100.000, belonging to 
chairs strictly theological. It is claimed, 
we are informed, that part of this 
money was taken from a general fund, 
that tlie donors of some of these funds 
liave consented to their use for genei'al 
purposes. 

How far these claims can be sus- 
tained, and how far the relinquishment 
of living donors can annul the compact 
in which the dead united with them in 
endowing these four divinity chairs, we 
do not stop now to inquire. But the 
most latitudinarian view can only throw 
these special trusts into that common 
fund out of which we respectfully but 
earnestly urge that the Board should 
repair the past damage done the Theo- 
logical Seminary by their predecessors. 
It is still the same Board, bound as 
much as a single individual to repair 
its errors, and having now^ in actual 
unencumbered possession property 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



143 



iliirini; tlicsc live ycnrs more lliiiii $'_', rnoiiirli Id in.-ikc I;irt;;(' .■iinciiils I'di- (lie 

(too IVdiii I 111' ^ciicr.'il ini'diiic. This iiijiii-y. 

:illd\vs lor llic pnrlml scr\ ires df I'l-o In cdiirliisidii, we \irt: leave respecl- 

lessors I^'uller ;inil S;in(lel,s in lS|.'!-4-l. fully Id |)i-cscnl I lie dlij(>cls of diir pel i 

Durinji; (lie iiexl se\cn yeiirs. Id jsrili, I idii in Ihese I wd ])diiils: 
the Seniiiiary had, dii an averaiif, I he Isl. That Ihe Hoard |)i-()cee(l ijroinptjv 

er|iiiva]eiit of two aini a half iinilessdrs. Id piil the 'I'heolojiical S(>iniiiarv proper 

For one of Ihese, rrof. Smith, I he I'xiai'd dn a I'ddtiiiii- lo cdrnpele with oilier 

])rdlialily I'dnliiiiied Id pay iidthiiii;. in seminaries, and supply the ('liurch in 

|S.")-_', the tJriswold Chair of Hililical < >iiid wit h minislers (rained in ( )|iio. 
Literature had iK'cn endowed with .+10,- '_'d. Thai Ihe Bishops of ( he ( 'liin-eh 

000. This anil I lie !\iilnoi- eiiddwinenl, in ()liid lie sernred in their rii^hts, ac- 

llierefdre, had provided ]ar{;el\' for Ihe eordin;; lo (he deed of donalidii, lo the 

Seminary durinj^ thi.s period. In 1S">(), fnllest e.xtenl. 

(Convention Journal, p. 49) the Trus- ,. ,, 

^ ' J / Drrii.KV ( 'iiAsi'), 

lees reported lliat they yielded (ofjelher r/,,,/,/,,},, v. s. a. iw/(;r,/i, 

.+ 1,507 per annum, and that (hey paid Son of Phihinilcr (Imsc, l''irsi Hislioi) of Ohio 

!|!'_',000 for the professors in (he Semi Jli.\rn I ('u 



Son of liisliop l'hil;uiili'r('li;t„se. 



nary. A full estimate for money drawn 

from the general ineome during (lies, 

11 1 J. - AAA Mrs. !\I.\ki- K. Cii.\mhkki,ain, 

seven vears would he ^ i,000. ' 

„ ; ,, , , , ,^,,.,. l):iii(rliter of Bishop Chase. 

During (he iie.x( (en years, to I Slid, 

there were three professors cmitinu- Mis.s Makv O. Chakk, 

ously, exclusive of Bishop Bedell, whose Uranddaughter of Bishop (Iha.so. 

valuable services were rendered gradii- Miss K.mkmnk K. Cifask, 

tously. For three years one of these ';r.\n<l(l;m(rliti'r of Bishop Chaso. 

professors w.-is I'rof. Sinilli. to whom |.;i,„.,,^. d, |,|,,.;v Chasi.;, 

there was proliahlx' paid no s;dary. (irandson of Bishop chase 

Averaging the other two salaries at 
•t l.'JOO per annum, each, a liberal esti 
mate then, and deducting the !|i 1,507 

]ier annum yielded by the endowed ^^^^^' '"^""'^^ ^''- '^''■■^^><^ 

1 • ii o • 1 • ii i (jranddaiightdr of Bishop chase, 

chairs, the Seminary during these ten ^ ' 

years jji-obably drew from (he general 
income .l!'.),()00. 

In the year ]8(j() the endowment of 
four chairs lor the Tlieological Seminary 
proper, was completed through (he ex- 
ertions of Bishop Bedell, Mr. Jay 
Cooke giving the last $30,000. 'I'his 
endowment amouided to over .$ jOS.OOO, 



Hk.nkv (i. (IllA.Si;, 

(irandsoti of Bishop Chase. 



144 KENYON COLLEGE. 



yielding, till very recently, !)> 7,567 per annum. This belonged exclusively to 
the Seminary. Since then, the Seminary has been supported entirely bj^ this 
endowment, not di-awing at all from the general income. On the contrary, it 
has not been allowed during this last period of eighteen or nineteen years 
more than half its income from this source. The Trustees, July, 1872, vacated 
one chair in the Seminary to reduce expenditdres. Another professor 
resigned that year, and his place was not supplied. The Seminary, of course, 
ran down at once, and the year after it was closed for three years, avowedly 
to support the annex. (See Judge Granger's and Mr. Moss's printed statement 
in 1876.) "True to their obligations," this paper says, " the Trustees reopened 
the Seminary in the fall of 1S76." Two professors were burdened with the 
whole instruction, and one of them assumed a chair in the College. The 
following Christmas, duties were, imposed upon him which virtually reduced 
his work in the Seminary to nominal service. In the fall of 1878, another 
professor was added to give only half his time to Bexley. Two years later 
another was added, who remained four years. At present there are two. In 
other words, during the past thirteen years the Seminary has been entitled 
i'rom its last endowment to the equivalent of fifty-two full professors for one 
year; practically, it has had only that of thirteen. Furthermore, even those 
who have done full work in Bexley have not received the full income of the 
endowments of their several chairs. 

Recapitulation of Expenditures from General Income — 

From 1833 to 1843 |3,810 

From 1843 to 1848 3,000 

From 1848 to 1856 7,000 

From 1856 to 1866 9,000 

From 1866 to 1885 0.000 

Total from 1833 to 1885 $31,810 

Add interest on different expenditures from their several dates at 6 per 
cent., and the whole sum, principal and interest, would fall considerably short 
of $100,000. On the other hand, the general income is indebted to the last 
Seminary endowment for nearly all that has not been paid during the last 
thirteen years for services actually i-endered in the Seminary. This, including 
interest, would amount to between $50,000 and $75,000. 

Other Moneys Raised for Joint Use. — Bishop Chase raised for joint 
use $21,575.11, besides the English fund. (See Dr. Bronson's Memento, p. 36.) 
This includes $6,000, Mr. Hogg's reduction on the price of 8,000 acres sold by 
him to the Trustees. 

Bishop Mclvaine's first step, as we have seen, was to raise $ 28,520 in the 
East to erect buildings for joint use. (Convention Journal 1833, pp. 9, 10.) 



KENYON COLLEGE. 145 



I*].\cluilirifi' ;i small sum spciil on [fosse ( 'li:i j)('l, all fliis sum was spciil in 
liuildin^', souii appropriated wliolly liy llie annex ami in ])ayinjx delils incurrcfl 
entirely for its supjiort. 

In 1S4S, President Hronson re])or(e(l for llie 'i'rnstees tliat Hisiiop Mcll- 
vaine iuid collected in tlie Kast .$24.0110, ( ( 'oin cnlion Journal 1S4S, p. 41), 
and ill his " Memento," ( ]>. (15) lliat in all .+ ;i5,(MMi had Keen collected to pay 
delits thid tiireatened " the eudowmcnl of these instil iit ions." I low little the 
Seminary projjer had occasioned these debts lias already heen shown. 

II is time to consider how the $.'}0,()00 f^iven in England lo liie oiif;inal 
plan had fared. In his liemini^reuces ( \'ol. 1., pp. 50(!, 507), Bishop ( !hase 
says.-quotini;- from an ap])eal he made on his reliirii from Eniiland lo show 
whal was the iulenlicni of llic l*;m;li>li ilouors : "Take," said they, "our 
proporlioii in full to accomplish youi' ilesi;in (llie oriiiinal plan), hut in so 
doin^- our wishes are appropriate and jusl, thai ii-luit ire g'irc lie rci/iirdciJ a8 a 
fund t(i he lii'uj (nit in UukIn, or otiiiririsc, fur (lie yennancnt benefit of this 
mill future ijeiierations." ( l>isho]) (Phase's italics.) He goes on to say^ that 
the i)uri)ose was carried out in the Kuo.x ('ounty purchase. 'J'he wisdom of 
such an investment for the benefit of the Seminary, wlielher in that tract 
or some other, is manifest i'rom the actual results. Had this been done and 
Bishop Chase\s energy and aljility in raising money been used for the meagre 
ui'eds of the few theological students gathered at Worthinglon duiing the 
first- nine or ten years, the endowment of the Seminary woidil now be 
immense In ls;5L' and IS;^ 7 4,000 acres were sold for $'22,.500. (Convention 
.loiirnal, lS4i', j). 74.) Between 1S50 and 1854, 2,074 acres more were sold for 
.t04,01H. (('onveiilion .huirnal, ls5.'i, j). ."il, and 1.S54, pp. 45, 5(i.) Before 
I1S75, about 1,000 acres more were sold, j)roba!)ly nol for less, as land was 
steadily rising. These sales, as we have seen, beiielilled the .Seminai'y very 
little, and were forced upon the Trustees by the needs and debts of the aniie.x. 
Had they not been forced, as they would not have been had the original plan 
not been al)sorljed in the new, these lands would have brought siil| larger 
sums. A slight enhancement was caused, no doubt, at first, by llie location 
of Kenyon (College in (iambier; but the great and steady appreciation has 
come from general causes alfectlng lands all over Ohio, and the lands would 
have sold far higher had sales been delayed. But, taking the case as it stands, 
had the proceeds been put at intt^rest as soon as they were realized for the 
lienelit of the Seminary, wliirh did nol use the niosi of llie money, the result 
would have been highly advantageous. Thus: 

^^'^..^OO (50 yuars ago) \n\i at interest would now 1)C $'.)(), 000 

64,018 (.80 years .ago ) put at interest would now be 179,2.'50 

64,000 ( 10 years ago ) put at interest would now be 102,400 

Total .$871,6.50 



146 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



But this does not state the whole of the case. Only $18,000 M^ere 
invested in lands. The other $12,000 were consumed on buildings lor which 
the Seminary had no need, and which it has hardly ever used. (Memento, 
p. 32.) Had the rest of the English fund been invested according to the 
wishes of the donors, the endowment would doubtless now be half a million 
from this source alone; the Seminary, meantime, would have fared no worse 
financially than il has done. (These calculations are at 6 per cent., but 
interest has been higher most of the past sixty years.) 

Has not the Seminary received countervailing advantages from the annex 
to compensate for this pecuniary loss ? Many of its wisest trustees and friends 
have held that it has, and llial its prosperity has depended on that of the 
College. To so great a weight of judgment is due the utmost deference, but 
not indifierence to facts. Many of the Bexley students have been recruited in 
Kenyon, and many educated there. But out of the one hundred and eighty- 
one graduates sent out hitiierto by tiie Seminary, only seventy-two have grad- 
uated in Kenyon. Thus, as a matter of fact, other schools have furnished and 
recruited a majority of the Seminary Alumni. Might not the same schools 
have prepared all, at least with the help of a simjjle grammar school in Gam- 
bier? Moreover, as to recruiting, a large number have been turned away from 
Bexley, after graduating in Kenyon. simply because so many years here made 
them desire a change. This is a great disadvantage, and many Kenyon 
students who have remained have done so only because support was provided 
for them here. The same cause would have brought them here without the 
College. 

A Seminary strongly manned will not only attract candidates, but its 
Faculty will exert a powerful influence directly and indirectly in drawing men 
into the ministry. But the financial drain caused by the annex has greatly 
weakened, and too often crippled, the Theological Faculty. The annex has, 
from the outset, diverted means, interest, and eff'ort from the Seminary. Said 
Mr. Hammond, (in his own italics) " T/ic Theological Seminary of the Prot- 
testant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio was no more heard of. Ken- 
yon College occupied the front ground in everything. The President and 
Professors sunk the humble name of the Seminary, and took up one more 
sonorous : The President and Professors of Kenyon College^ and instead of 
directing the Yunds to the education of ministers of the Gospel, the Seminary 
was made one of general education. Not one in twenty of the students con- 
templated taking orders.'" (Aydelott's Answer, p. 29.) At the very time, in 
1839, when the Trustees declared to the Convention, as we said, " The Theo- 
logical Seminary has ever been deemed by the Trustees as paramount in im- 
portance, to the prosperity of which their own best eiforts and a large propor- 
tion of the funds committed to their care were to be sacredly devoted," at 



KENYON COLLEGE. 147 



thitt time, Mccin-diiiii to Hislidp Mdl value's ( 'onvciiliori addross of 1843, (p. 13) 
"till" Tlieolofiii'al Sciniiiaiy liad Iml an iric()iii<' of .t 150 on wliicli lo siislaiii its 
professors." 

.\ more sfrikin<; instance si ill of liiis lonfi settled iiabit of diversion is (lie 
policy of the last twelve yeais. In Is7-"i, wlien the main object of the cor- 
poration had, ill aildilion to all its cai-lici- ac(|iiisilions, an annual income of 
.t7,r)(lO cxchisivcly its own, it was closed up for tliree years, avowedly to sup- 
port the annex, i'lven wlicn reopened, it was, for the same reason, kept in so 
cri]i]iled a condilimi as to render success inipossilile ; and now this ill success 
which results rrimi the rripplini: is nia<le an ariruiiieni, in liiLdi (jiiai'ters, for 
niakinii I'lc niain object an annex to the annex, if not for closiiii; up and e.x- 
tinfiuishinjr it altoj^ether. 

In view of these facts extendini^ over its whole history, it may seriously 
he (|uestioiied whether the annex has lielpe(l or injured tlie Seminary the 
iiKirc. If Bexley jrains from the growth of Kenyon, it loses heavily also. The 
orifiinal plan of 1824, to which alone the Enjilish donors gave, may, after all, 
have been better. 

Nejir Alexandria, Va., a similar plan has been put to the prf)of of experi- 
ment. .Inst before Bishop ('base went lo Kiiiilaixl, a Seminary was started 
there. A sinijile (Jranimar School alone was ever added for pi^'eparatorv' work. 
It depended for jireparation mainly on other institutions. If such were more 
numerous in Virjiinia, at least Iheic were enough in Ohio. The jiopiilation of 
the States was nearly etjiial, and ('incinnati was larger than iiichmond. This 
State claims to have had more enterjirise. If the Church was just starting in 
Ohio, it was very weak in ^'irginia, and weighted with odium. Its ministry 
specially was iinjKipular according In I'i^hop Meade's testimony, ('olumbus, 
near by Worthington, olfere(l as many altractions as Alexandria. Dr. Spar- 
row, who largely helped to build up the Kastern Seminary, had previously 
given nearly twenty years of his sirenglh lo the Western. Kxcept for differ- 
ence of plan, the two Seminarii-s had nearly even advantages. Hut in Gam- 
bier, the College, in Alexaiulria, the Seminary, concentrated on itself all the 
interest and liberality of the Church. At the end of half a century the pres- 
ent (iambier plan furnishes tliree theological students in the midst of Dioceses 
almost destitute of candiilates; Ijut the original ])lan, tried fairly in Virginia, 
furnishes nearly lilty in a Diocese overtlowiiig with candidates. The Alexan- 
dria Alumni proliably out number ours three or four times. Who can tell the 
success of the Ohio Seminary had it adhered strictly to the original plan, and 
never encumbered itself with the all-absorbing annex '{ It is. at least, an open 
ijuestion, again it maybe said, whether the annex has more helped or hurt the 
main object of this corpf)ration. 



148 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Hotcs on tf]e foregoing papers 



BY WILLIAM B. BODINE. 



I. That the deseendants of Bishop Chase should liave been led to take 
the position of Charles Hammond, in direct antagonism to that of their great 
ancestor, is, to say the least, curious. That they should write of Mr. Hammond 
as "a distinguished lawyer" and "a man of the highest integrity of charac- 
ter," is proper enough. He was all that, and more. He may have been, also, 
a man "of excellent judgment." But, if so, why should he have diifered so 
widely, and at almost every turn, from the heroic Bishop who laid the founda- 
tions of the Church in Ohio? And why, of all people, should Bishop Chase's 
descendants testify to his "excellent judment"? 

The following is Mr. Hammond's puljlished estimate of Bishop Chase. Is 
this an illustration of his ''excellent judgment"? 

" The public ought to understand that the chief element of Bishop Chase's 
action is that whjch tends to produce effect, making himself conspicuous as an 
actor and a sufferer. He courts no crown of martyrdom, but that which a 
warm fire, a well spread table, and a comfortable bed, make a part of. We in 
the West know that all these can abound in a log cabin in the woods. But, in 
the halls and drawing rooms of My Lord Gambler and My Lady Rosse, this is 
not understood. Nor is it understood in our Eastern cities. Hence, this log 
cabin was the first resort, as a house of refuge, for the self-expelled' tenant of 
Gambler Hill. * * * There is one thing which should be remembered wh6n 
public sympathy is thus repeatedly invoked. The individual, who proposes 
himself as the subject of it, has found its aid necessary wherever he has 
resided for unj length of time. The appeal, too, is always made to strangers. 
A call for sympathy upon those well acquainted with the party making it 
would be treated as Elijah treated the calls of the prophets of Baal," 

" The public at large ought to be advised of another fact. The Bishop is 
well acquainted with the pecuniary embarrassment of the Seminary. He had 
sold part of the lands to raise money, and was endeavoring to sell more, with- 
out consulting any one. Since his resignation and retirement, the Board has 
made eflbrts to effect the same object. In his letters, the Bishop has published 
an opinion of counsel, questioning the power to sell without the consent of 
the Bishops and General Convention. Nor is this all. A day having been 
appointed and extensively advertised for a public sale, a short time previously 



KENYON COLLEGE. I49 



tlie subjoined anonymous caution in a jtrinted lian(ll>ill was circulated in the 
vicinity of tlie Seminary. It Ijears the Bishop's impress, and speaks for itself. 
A number of sales at tolerable prices were, nevertheless, eft'ected. Thi.s cour.se 
of conduct on the part of the Bishop is so out of character that it would seem 
but a .just conclusion that he labored under some degree of mental hallucina- 
tion. Indeed, most of his measures in relation to the Seminary indicate the 
same misfortune. Something like this is the best apology that can be made 
for them." 

^Vnd so again, "The Bishojj's publication explains no adequate reason ior 
such conspiracy unless we may suppose he felt conscious that the embarrassed 
and distracted state of the Institution might be imputed to him, and that an 
ojjinion might prevail that his removal from it was a desideratum willi its 
friends. The plain truth is, that the whole organization and management of 
the Seminary has so far been confided to the Bishop. He had taken no coun- 
sel, brooked no advice or opposition. He found himself involved in debt, and 
at variance with all around him. He could not allow himself to believe that 
such disastrous results were attributable to his own mismanagement, impatient 
temper, and erroneous judgment. The mischief was before and around Jiim. 
It must proceed from some cause, and the self-love, common to us all, led him 
to look for that cause in the misconduct of others. Hence, he imagined a 
conspiracy as the only adequate cause, and, brooding over these imaginings, 
he has persuaded himself they are facts, and has embodied and published 
them as such." 

" Every man, who has transacted public business with the Bishop to any 
considerable extent, can understand at once the whole case. His judgment of 
men and things is very defective, his temper irritable and arbitrary. He 
expects a Diocesan Convention and a Board of Trustees to echo whatever he 
proposes, and he wishes to see no man a member of either who has independ- 
ence enough to express a dissent from, much less to oppose, any of his 
measures. Intending to do what is right, and feeling confidence in liis own 
judgment, he rejects counsel as unnecessary, and considers it impertinent for 
any one to otter it." ( See Aydelott's answer.) 



II. The paper of Dr. James claims, substantially, that nearly everything 
in Gambler belongs to the Divinity School (a school which had no existence 
until after Bishop Chase, the founder, left Ohio), and that, during the entire 
history of the Institution, the interests of the Divinity School have been 
sacrificed to the interests of the College. It is furtiier questioned whether the 
"Annex," so called, has not, on the wiiole, been an injury rather than a benefit 
to the Divinity School; and, by implication, the Trustees, including all the 



150 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



Bishops of Ohio and many of our greatest and best clerg,ymen and laymen, 
are accused of gross mismanagement, having been either incapable of under- 
standing or unfaithful in executing the conditions of tlieir trust. 

A careful study of .the facts leads to exactly an opposite conclusion. For 
nearly sixty years the Bishops of Ohio have been at the head of the Faculty 
of the Divinity School. Tliey have also been at the head of the Board of 
Trustees. It luis been easy for the members of the Board to follow their lead, 
and they liave done so in strengthening the Divinity School to the utmost 
possible extent. If there has been any sacrificing of one school for the other, 
the College has been sacrificed to the Divinity School rather than the Divinity 
School to the College. If proof of the primary devotion of the Board to the 
interests of the theological department is needed, it can be found in the fact 
that, of the endowments belonging to the collegiate department, every cent 
was given ibr the exclusive use of that department, and, in most cases, could 
not have been secured for any otlier purpose, whereas, of the endowments set 
apart for the theological department, a large j)ortion was given in answer to a 
general plea for the strengthening of Gambler, and was appropriated to the 
Divinity School by a vote of the Trustees, rather than by direction of the 
donors. Tiie men who have been Trustees of the institution "on the Hill" 
at Gambler, liave been large enough to take a look all around. They have 
been strong men, noble men, philanthroijic men ; men not guided by the 
letter which killeth, but by the sjjirit which giveth life. 

Tlie problem they had to solve was before them, and they could see it 
with their eyes in all its large and important bearings. They did not need 
to put on spectacles to bring it near, or to use the microscope to detect some 
little shade of coloring, and then make of tliat tlie one thing all important. 

Someof tliem doubtless knew tluit witli Bishop Chase "a School of Sacred 
Learning" meant "a Christian College." (See Reminiscences, Vol. II., p. 243, 
where these phrases are used as exact equivalents.) But whether they knew 
this or not, whetlier they recognized that a professor of " sacred learning " 
might be a teacher of Latin, or Greek, or Moral Philosophy, or Church History, 
or Belles-lettres, or Rhetoric, according to Bishop Chase and the Canons of 
the Church, or failed to recognize this, they were certainly too large minded 
to suppose that one Grammar School teacher and two professors, who should 
confine their instruction exclusively to Theological studies, would thoroughly 
train unlearned men for the work of the Christian ministry in tliis nineteenth 
century. Nor did they suppose that, because Bishop Chase's plan, as outlined 
in his letter to Bishop White, specified that the students would give attention 
to horticulture and the ingathering of the harvest, and that a printing press 
would be provided for their use in a most important field of labor, therefore 



KENYON COLLEGE. 151 



llie students must always he requiivil to milk cows, or dioi) wood, or difi 
potatoos, and must never be allowed to slo]) print inii' tracts or a j)eriodicul 
publication. 

The history of the CJambier work makes manifest the fact tiiat those in 
charge of the institution liave shown their wisdom in repirdinji it as a whole, 
and have tried from time to time to strengthen that department where the 
need seemed to be the greatest and most pressing. In IS.",!), the Trustees 
dechu-cd publicly that they were "fully convinced that the Seminary cannot 
prosper without the College,"' and this has always been their belief. 



ill. ll was not. as slatcil in bolli tiiese j)aj)ers, Hishoji {!hase, the 
founder, but Bishop Mcllvaine, who lirst gave utterance to the following 
language (see his address at the laying of the corner stone of Hexley Hall, 
■^Episcopal Recorder, November 2;^, is;j!). These words are only (/im/ci/, though 
with approval, by Bishop Chase in his Iveminiscences): "'J'hus originated 
what is now called Kenyon College, an institution having na incoi'/ntratlon, 
no TrusteeH, no faculty^ except as if is part and parcel of (he 'riieohujical 
Seminary, being simply a preparatory branch of that Seminary, having this 
only for its distinctive College feature, that when the Faculty of the Theolog- 
ical Seminary are acting in reference to the ajfairs <f that preparatory branch, 
they act as the Faculty of a College, and inhen they confer degrees u.pon the 
graduates of that branch, they do sn, not in the name of the President and 
professors of the Theological Seminary, hut if Kenyon College^ 

"What's in a name^" .Sometimes a great deal that is misleading. \'( by 
the words "Theological Seminary" in the above paragraph is meant "The 
Theological Seminary of the Protestant Church in the Diocese of Ohio," the 
one institution, legally incorporated, embracing three departments, then the 
language expresses the truth. But, if by these words is meant the Divinity 
School, that department which is sometimes called the Theological Seminary 
proper, then the language does not express the truth. 

Speaking, as Bishop Chase was wont to speak, as " Pi'esident of Kenyon 
College," and calling the one institution "Kenyon College," it would be 
equally acurate to have sketched the origin of the Divinity School, after 
Bishop Mcllvaine came to Ohio in ls;^3, and the separation of 1889, and to 
have said, "Thus originated what is now culled the Theological Sejiinarv, an. 
institution having no incorporation., no property, no Trustees, except as it is a 
part and parcel of ''The Corporation of Kenyon College,'' being simply an 
advanced branch of that College, having this only for its distinctive Seminary 
feature, that when the Faculty if '' Kenyon College'' are acting in reference to 
the afiairs of that advanced brunch, they act as the Faculty of a Theological 



152 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Seminary, and xohen they confer degrees upon the graduates of that hranch, 
they do so, not in the name of the ''President and professors of Kenyon Col- 
lege,'' hut of the '"President and professors of the Theological Seminary.'''^ 

Note. — Prior to 1840, all degrees were conterrert by the Joint Faculty of Theology 
aud Arts in the name of "Kenyon College." Since that time Degrees in Arts, and 
Academic Degrees generally, are awarded by the "President and Professors of Kenyon 
College," and in Divinity by the "President aud Professors of the Tlieological Seminary of 
the Diocese of Ohio." See statement in Tri-ennial Catalogues. 



IV. In both these papers tliese words occur: " Thus it appears clearly 
that Kenyon College was not a part ol' the original design, btU was an annex 
to the Seminary." What is here meant by the Seminary f A Theological 
Seminary resembling the Seminaries at Andover and Princeton, the Union 
Tlieological Seminary, and the General Theological Seminary in New Yovk, 
as these schools exist and are doing useful work to day '( The English donors 
knew nothing of such schools. Bishop Chase never contemplated the establish- 
ment of any such school. " Much of the tield of art and science," he said, 
" is open alike to the physician, civilian, and the divine. The knowledge of 
the languages, philosophy, and belles-lettres is necessary to all." He always 
intended that this instruction thus necessary for '"the divine" should be given 
in his Seminary. But as money came in, and his plans grew, and the thought 
of a public college found lodgment in his mind, he came to see clearly that 
by the annexing of such a College (wliich would be but tlie enlargement of 
an existing course of collegiate instruction) ''the ability and number of the 
professors and teachers, the quality and extent of the libraries, and the 
usefulness and value of an astronomical and jiliilosophical apparatus, might 
be greatly enlarged for the benelit of eacli l:)y junctions of the funds of both." 

Note. — In his address at the laying of the corner stone of Be.Nley Hall, quoted above, 
Bishop Mcllvaine says plainly that "It had always been intended that a College course 
should go on in the Seminary, as part of the preparation of young men for the Ministry, and 
also that Students not seeking the Ministry should be admitted to such course." 

With Bishop Chase "Kenyon College" was no mere a/niex to the Semi- 
nary."' In the jiarrower sense it was a department of the Seminary enlarged 
and made more useful. In the broader sense it was the whole Institution, for 
which he lived and toiled, and to which he gave the best labors of his life. 



V. The linancial calculations in Dr. James's paper are hardly worthy of 
serious attention. His premises are unsound, and his conclusions amusing. 
Imagine the lion-hearted Bishop Chase using his niiglity " energy and ability 
in raising money for the meager needs of the few theological students gathered 
at Worthington during the first nine or ten years," and so, having expended 
all this money in lands, ''the endowment of the Seminary would now be 
immense ! " 



KENYON COLLEGE. 153 



How refreshing, also, is tlie figuring wliii'li follows: "Only $ IS,()()(( wci'e 
invested in lands. 'J'lie other ^ 12,000 were (•(nisiinici! (in liuililiiigs, lor whicii 
the iSeniinary had no need, and which it has hardly ever used. Had the rest 
of Ihe English fund been invested acconling to the wishes of I lie donors, the 
endowment would doubtless now be half a million from this soiin-c alone; the 
Seminary meantime would have fared no worse financially than it has done. 
(These calculations are at six per cent., bid interest, has l)een higher most of 
the past sixty years.)" 

It is possible, however, lo suggest soniethiiig even lidlcr llian this: 
About half a century ago the celebralcd Thomas Hales, of Kidlcy llidl, 
Northumberland, England, sent (jver t(j this coiinlry, as a prcscnl lo "the 
Seminary," some Durham cattle of the purest blood, ll is said lli.il one heifer 
of this same pure breed was afterwards sold lor /oii// //loi/si/m/ ilollars. Now, 
IF these Oambier cattle had been duly jirizcd, and. ;is I heir calves were born, 
IF their i)edigree had been carefully recorded, and IF the herd hail been kept 
together, and sold when the market was at its highest point, oi- e\cn at llu- 
present time, the amount of money resulting as an "Endowment " " i'nnn this 
source alone," would now be MiM.ioNS. (treat is the power of imagination I 



VI. 'I'he concluding paragraph of Dr. James's pajx'i' is an expression of 
sentiment to have been looked for from a native Virginian. They do tilings 
rightly in Virginia! Not so, in Ohiol 

The whole Church rejoices in the good work done by the Ale.xMinlria The- 
ological Seminary. But why not select another institution for jmrposes of 
comparison? Why not take the Theological Senunary at Lexington, Ken- 
tucky, ciiartered by act of the Legislature in F(d)ruary, 18^4:' The professor- 
shij^s were arranged as follows: The Bishop of the Diocese look the Depart- 
ment of Doctrinal I'heology and Pastoral Didies. The Rev. Dr. Ooit was 
Professor of Ethics and the Evidences of Christianity. Dr. Cooke, a ])liysician 
eminent in the Church for his writings in behalf of F>pisco])acv, lectured on 
Ihe History and the Polity of the Churcii. The Kev. Henry Caswell was Pro- 
fessor of Sacred Literature. The buildings were arranged for an extensive 
school. There were accommodations for two professors and their families, and 
about thirty students. The studeids in the senunary were at fii-st fhiee or 
four in number, but tliey subseqneidly increased to eighte<>n. Tliey were 
chielly from New England, Pennsylvania, and Ireland, and only one was it 
native of Kentucky. (See Caswell's Amerii-a and the American ('linrcli.) 

And where is this Theological Seminary to-day ;■ Where has il been for 
the i)ast lifty years;' The Kentucky s(dio()l was just the kind of srhonl which 
Charles Hammond wished to see established in Ohio. Ohio w;is a new conn 
try, and so was Kentucky. The comparison between ()liiii and Kentucky is 
not unfair, if the " Virgiiua ])lan " Intd been tried in Ohio, the |)robabilities 
are that the Ohio Seminary would long since have been dkfunct. 



154 KENYON COLLEGE. 



paper by €li C. ^aypan, ii. D. 



Have tlie Trustees of tlie Institution at Gambier mismanaged the trust? 
Have they niisappvopriated the funds in their charge? These questions have 
been asked and answered several times in the past sixty years. The inquiry 
involves both law and tacts. 

The law is plainly stated by Mr. Perry. He says, as to the " powers of 
trustees," that "in all cases powers must be construed according to the inten- 
tion of the party creating them, if such intention is compatible with the rules 
of law; and such intention must be determined from the instrument." 

Tlie money raised in England in 1824 was deposited in the hands of trus- 
tees until certain conditions should be complied with. These Trustees, Lords 
KenVon and Gambier, Dr. Gaskin, and Mr. Hoare, at a meeting held in Lon- 
don on the 12th of September, 1825, stated in a formal resolution, that they 
were satisfied " that the Constitution of the Seminary, established by the Con- 
vention of Ohio, is conformable to tlie views and wishes of the benefactors to 
the Seminary." This statement is the highest evidence of the intent of the 
party creating tiie trust. It was made before the money was paid, and in 
reply to a suggestion that certain conditions should be annexed to the pay- 
ment. By this statement we are relegated to the Constitution adopted by the 
Convention of 1824, as the instrument of donation; also the charter granted 
by the State of Ohio December, 1824, enacts, " that the present Trustees of 
said Seminary, and their successors in office, under the Constitution thereof as 
now established, or as the same may be hereafter altered or amended, shall 
have the care and management," etc.; " and shall also have power, in con- 
formity with the provisions of the Constitution of said Seminary, to make 
by-laws," etc. Another provision of the first charter guards any diversion of 
" the real and personal estate of the Seminary to any other purpose than the 
education of ministers of the Gospel in the Protestant Episcopal Church." 

This evidence is conclusive. The Constitution is the instrument that 
determines the intention of the donors. This instrument clearly states the 
intention to be the education of ministers of the Gospel in the Protestant 
Episcopal Church, in conformity to the doctrine, discipline, constitution, and 
canons of that Church. The use of the funds raised in England in 1823 and 
1824, was restricted to this sole purpose. 

In 1826 the Constitution was amended " making provision, so far as is 
practicable, for the admission of other students." Even before this, large 



KENYON COLLEGE. > 355 



donations were promised for this especial purpose, "the admission of otlier 
students," the principal item being one-fourth of the price of tlic hind houjiht 
from Mr. Hogg, as appears by Bishop Chase's statement to the I)ioccs;ui 
Convention. 

In the opinion of (Hiuries Ihiimiioiid, this additional j)iir])()sc innllictccl 
with till' original intention. Mr. Ilniiiiiiond was a great lawyer and an able 
editor, but he was not a teaciier. 8onie of his notions about schools were 
absurd. Bishop Chase was an experienced teacher, and knew wiiat lie was 
about. Mr. Hammond was the writer of both the Constitution and the ciiai'- 
ter of 1824, and much weight has been given to tlie fact that lie sliowed llie 
l)roposed charter to the Bishop, who exj)ressed no objection. I^ut Bisiioj) 
(Jhase had been mortified a lew weeks previously, when that first Constitution 
was adojjted in the Diocesan Convention, by the clause which |)i-oviil('<l that 
amendments could be made in spite of any Episcopal veto. Kvidently the 
lawyer intended to tie up the schocdmasfer, and douljlless the sdioolniaster 
saw it. 

These two great men differed as to wiiat siiould constitute tlic education 
of a minister of the Gospel in the Protestant Episcopal (Jiiurch, and tliat is 
tile very question now under consideration. The Constitution says it musi be 
in conl'ormity with the canons of the Ciiurch; but it has been })ro|)osed to be 
governed by an expression in Bishop Chase's letter to Bishop VVliite, of Sep- 
tember, 1823, as follows: "The institution is to be under tlic inmiciliate care 
of the Bishop for the time being, or his substitute, assisted by two or more 
Broi'essors of Sacred lA'arning, and a (iraniniar Scliool Teacher.'' 

Now, Bishop Chase was himself a scholarly man, a graduate of Dart- 
mouth, one of the best Colleges in the land; he was a teacher, he had been 
President of the Cincinnati College, doubtless the best college then in Ohio; 
moreover, he was a Bishop of the Church, profoundly interested in maintain- 
ing an educated clergy. To suppose that su(di a man intended to build a 
strictly prol'essional education on a mere Grammar School basis is prejjoster- 
ous. It must be remembered that \»'iien this letter was written to Bishop 
White the canons required but one examination, that I'or ordiiuttion. Cer- 
tainly tlie Bisli(j]) included in tiie phrase "Sacred Learning," all the subjects 
named in tlie canons as they were in 1823, viz.: Latin, Greek, Moral Philos- 
ophy, Church History, etc., etc. Two years after, as soon as authorized by 
tlie Trustees, he appointed the first professor, Mr. Wm. Sparrow, "Professor 
of the Languages in this Institution." Bishop Chase's whole life and charac- 
ter show that he did not mean by "Professors of Sacred Learning" the same 
tiiat is now understood by "Professors in a Theological Seminary." Such a 
proposition would have brought upon ills jilan a merited ridicule. This pro- 



156 KEN YON COLLEGE, 



posed interpretation of his language is forced. Tiie letter to Bishop White 
does not, in fact, conflict with the Constitution. 

In a writing called a " deed," made by Bishop Chase at London, in 1823, 
the letter to Bishop White is referred to, and it is claimed that this "deed" is 
the basis of the donations. The instrument was not, in fact, a conveyance of 
land. It was simply a pledge of the Bishop's real estate in Franklin County 
as assurance of his earnestness and good faith. The land -was never conveyed 
by this writing, or in consequence of it. Without admitting that there is any 
conflict between this so called deed and the letter to Bishop AVhite on the one 
hand, and the Constitution on the other, I maintain that the Constitution is 
the instrument by which the intention of the donors must be determined. It 
was made by the Convention of the Diocese and assented to by the donors, 
and took the place of and superceded any other alleged instrument of dona- 
tion. The essential feature of the Constitution is, that nothing shall be done 
bj' the Trustees in conflict with the doctrine, the discipline, the Constitution, 
or the canons of the Church. The Constitution preserves all that was essen- 
tial in the deed and letter. 

The particular canons to be noticed are those on the " Education of the 
Ministry." The canons of 1789 required only that the candidate be 
" acquainted with the New Testament in the original Greek, and can give an 
account of his faith in the Latin tongue." In 1792, Moral Philosophy, Church 
History, Belles-lettres, and Ehetoric were added. In 1804, a course was estab- 
lished by the House of Bishops — a long document covering the ground of 
study in Evidences, Biblical Interpretation, and other sacred learning. In 
1814 the canon was revised ; it was declared to be desirable that every candi- 
date for orders be acquainted with Hebrew, and candidates were to be exam- 
ined on the leading books in the course of study prescribed by the House of 
Bishops. By the revision of . the canon in 1832, Hebrew was positively 
required. The greatest change was in 1860, when an examination was estab- 
lished of pei'sons wishing to become candidates for priests' orders. In 1871, 
the examination- of a postulant was re-enacted without substantial change, and 
remains so to-day. 

It includes the subjects that are not strictly of a theological or profes- 
sional character. It includes "the English language and literature, and at least 
the first principles and general outlines of Logic, Ehetoric, and Mental and 
Moral Philosophy, Physics, and History, and the Latin and Greek languages." 
This is more than was requiz-ed of the liberal or non-professional studies in 
1824. It amounts to about two-thirds as much as the college course for a 
degree in the liberal arts. But the requii'ements for this degree have increased 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 157 



quite as much in the last sixty years. In 1824, the "liberal" studies required 
by the canon formed a larsi'er part of the usual college course than they do 
now. 

These canons show the Church's intention, that ministers of the Gospel 
shall be liberaljy educated, and that the education of the ministry is the same 
in greater part as what is commonly known as a College education. In his 
address to the Diocesan Convention of 1826, Bishop Chase showed how 
important tlie College is to the education of the ministry. His testimony is of 
the greatest weight. As an experienced teacher, he understood the matter; as 
a Bishop, he felt its importance. His address to the Convention in dune, 
1825, shows that "our friends in England were deeply sensible of the import- 
ance of the plan of founding a Christian College containing all tlie means of 
full instruction for the Gospel ministry.'" This shows that the English donors, 
familiar with the customs of the Mother Churcli, were entirely in sympathy 
with the design of the American Church expressed in the canons, that the 
College is necessary to the education of the ministry. They gave their money 
lor this purpose. 

The conclusion is, that the Trustees, in the establishment and mainte- 
nance of the College, have rightly managed the trust, and have properly 
used the funds in their charge. The College is one department of the school 
for the education of the ministry. It was so regarded in the earlier days, and 
all justice and expediency so regard it n»w. 

Our Church is in need of ministers, but not of half-educated men. More 
good can be done by improving the quality than by increasing the number of 
those who are to be ordained. The real question is, shall the funds received 
for "the education of ministers of the Gospel in the Protestant .Episcopal 
Church" be devoted to merely the professional part of that education i' 



158 KENYON COLLEGE. 



i£oIIcgc5 cln^ XlniDcrsities in tl^eir Hclation to tl|e dt^urct] 



A PAPER READ AT THE MEETING OF THE CHURCH CONGRESS HELD IN BUFFALO, 

N. Y., NOVEMBER, 21, 1888, BY REV. WM. B. BODINE, D. D., 

PRESIDENT OF KENYON COLLEGE. 



The subject fo be discussed this morning is, "Colleges and Universities as 
Related to the Church. The expression, " the Church," is somewhat ambigu- 
ous, inasmuch as it may be intended to refer to the Church as represented in 
this Church Congress, "the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States 
of America," or to that larger whole of which we are but a part, the one 
Catholic and Apostolic Church, composed of believing Christian men through- 
out our land, divided into many households of faith. It will be necessary to 
speak of the Church in both of these aspects. 

The distinction between the College and the University is also not alto- 
gether clear. There are universities, falsely so called, but nevertheless empow- 
ered to give degrees in the arts and sciences, in letters and literature, which 
do much less efficient work than many of our good high schools. At the same 
time, we are coming to realize that the true University is a more advanced 
school tlian the College, so that, after more than a century of growth and 
expansion, Princeton and Yale are only now beginning to call themselves 
universities. 

The work of our colleges and universities is the work of higher education^ 
so that the question this morning is really. What should be the relation of the 
Church to the work of higher education? 

This involves the question. What should be the relation of the State to 
the work of higher education? And, in answer to both these questions, we 
stand face to fact with the fact that it is "a condition and not a theory which 
confronts us." 

Like all conditions, the present condition of higher education has its roots 
in the past — Harvard College owes its existence chiefly to the dread of its 
founders lest they should "leave an illiterate ministry to the Churches." The 
same is true, not only of the other historic colleges of New England, but of 
the larger number of the colleges of our country. They have been established 
by Christian men, moved thereto largely by Chi-istian convictions and impul- 
ses. Hitherto, excejDt in the way of conferring charters, the State has had 
much less to do than " the Churches " with the work of higher education. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 159 



Man.y 3'ears ago, Bishop Alonzo Potter, than whom our Church has never 
produced a greater prelate, said truly, "Our college system is now where our 
common or public-school system was before the establishment of high schools;" 
and, in common with all wise men, he greatly deplored the fact that resources 
"wliich, if concentrated, would have been ample for the thorough endowment 
of a few institutions, iiave been so scattered, and so large a part of them has 
been so improvidently expended, that nearly all our colleges are crippled for 
want of libraries, apparatus, and a competent staff of accomplished teachers." 

What was true then is true still. The condition of higher education in 
many of our States is a somewhat chaotic one. That light should brood over 
this chaos and order appear is greatly to be desired. At the same time, it is 
easier to state the existing condition oi' affairs than it is to name, witli entire 
confidence, the best remedy. 

The obvious remedy, some would say, is for the State to step in. and, with 
strong hand, assume control of the whole matter of higher education. This is 
done successfully in France and Germany and in other countries of Europe. 
Why should it not be done successfully in the United States of America? 
Indeed, we are told that it is done successfully in the State of Michigan, and 
we are pointed also, somewhat triumphantly, to the successful State institu- 
tions of Wisconsin and California. 

We gladly admit that these State institutions are successful, and we 
heartily rejoice in the good work which they are doing. At the same time, 
we are not sure that the work of any one of them may be relatively as suc- 
cessful a century hence as to-day, and we know that the dangers which have 
already surrounded them in their progress have been so great that we almost 
wonder that they have lived to survive them. At present, the most successful 
of these State institutions is the University of Michigan; but through what 
trials and adversities it has come to its greatness! The history of what the first 
legislative enactment named "the Catholepestemiad, or University of Michi- 
gania,'" has a great many dark pages in it, and any true chronicler thereof can 
not avoid the conclusion that there is great danger in " submitting even the 
financial att'airs of a university to legislative control.'" Even so true a friend 
of this university as President Adams, now of Cornell, after full investigation, 
was led to write, concerning the fund of this most successful State institution, 
tliat it had been injured by unwise legislation far more than it had been 
augmented by direct appropriations. 

I am myself a citizen of the great State of Ohio — great in every way, and 
sometimes great in boasting. But there is one thing of which intelligent and 
well-informed citizens of Ohio never think of boasting, and that is her legisla- 
tive management of her two oldest universities, both under State control. The 
one of these, with a great endowment of valuable lands, was located at 



160 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Athens; the other, with a large land grant, was established at Oxford. Some- 
of you doubtless have heard of Cambridge in Massachusetts as well as of Cam- 
bridge in England; but how many of you have heard of the Classic Athens in 
Ohio, and ~of the Scholastic Oxford, not on the banks of the Isis, but in the 
region of the Great Miami ? 

The first graduate of the Ohio University at Athens was the elder Thomas 
Ewing, than whom Ohio has never produced an abler son. Many distinguished 
men have also been graduated from Miami University at Oxford, among them 
Benjamin Harrison, President-elect of the United States. Half a century ago 
these institutions had some strength, but that strength has dwindled, until 
to-day their condition is almost a palsied one, and that because of a legislative 
mismanagement that seems almost criminal. 

In a sense, we are better than our fathers; but are we so much in advance 
of them that we can surely believe that the State nowadays ought to take the 
entire charge of this matter of higher education? The man who does so 
believe is certainly a bold as well as a confiding man. 

The University of Virginia was the first real university in this country. 
It was established by legislative enactment, and its support was provided 
through an annual grant of funds. It has done good work, and has had a 
good measure of success; l)at to-day it stands overshadowed by Johns-Hopkins 
University in Baltimore, an institution founded through private beneficence. 
And Yanderbilt University in Tennessee is rapidly pushing ahead of it, and 
already reports nearly double the number of students. And Avhat guarantee 
can the advocates of State universities have that the University of California, 
at Berkeley, will not soon be greatly overshadowed by the most munificently 
endowed new institution which is to bear the name and perpetuate the mem- 
ory of Leland Stanford, Jr. ? 

State Universities have their manifest advantages, but they have their dis- 
advantages also. In their early history. Harvard, Yale, and Columbia, were 
aided by State appropriations, and were, in a sense. State colleges; but they 
have grown away therefrom, and they have no desire to go back to the experi- 
ences of their early days. 

As is well known, Washington and Jefl:erson greatly desired the establish- 
ment of a Central National University. The suggestion of a university at the 
A'^ational Capital, under National control, devoting itself to the work of higher 
political education, has valiie in it; but further than this it certainly would 
not be wise at present to go. 

How, then, may our colleges and universities be most wiseh' controlled? 
Some, of course, will be controlled by the States, and concerning these we 
may safely say that the less direct control the State exercises the better. The 



iiiiimi'i'wmiiiiiiiiKiinimiHiiiMiiirj! 




KENYON COLLEGE. 161 



chief office of the State should be to secure men of large intellectual and moral 
stature as trustees, or regents, and to make adequate appropriations of money. 

Some of our institutions will also be controlled by various religious organ- 
izations or churches. This direct control is sometimes unintelligent and 
sometimes liarmful. The President of one of (hese denominational colleges 
(old me that of the Trustees of the University (so it is called) of which he was 
the head, not one was a college graduate, and all were in dense ignorance as to 
tiie real work of higher education. 

Of the colleges which, more or less properly, may l)e called i'huTch Vol- 
lef/es in our land, meaning thereby the colleges connected with our own 
Ohurch, Trinity College was never under Diocesan control. Golumljia (!ollege 
never has been. Lehigh University is not. lioliart is not. Kenyoii is not 
now, though unfortunately at one time she was. The Bishop of Connec^ticut 
is ex-offieio President of the Board of Trustees of Trinity College and Chancel- 
lor. The Board of Trustees is composed mainly of Churchmen, and the same 
is true of the Faculty. The Bishop of New York is a Trustee of Columbia 
College, and most of its Trustees are also Churchmen. Its President must be 
a communicant of the Church, and its daily religious services must be taken 
from the Prayer-Book. The Bishop of Central Pennsylvania is e.r.-ojficio Presi- 
dent of the Board of Trustees of Lehigh University. The Assistant Bishop of 
the Diocese is now in full charge of the religious services thereof. At Ken- 
yon, in the early days, the Bishop was not only President of the Board of 
Trustees, but President of the College itself. An. unsatisfactory result was 
inevitable. With the cares of an extensive Diocese, the Bjshop could not 
satisfactorily perform the duties of President, nor did he entirely relinguish 
(hem. Bishop Chase had trouble, and resigned his Diocese. Bishop Mcll- 
vaine also passed through serious trouble before he learned practical wisdom. 
The matters of difficulty were brought into the arena of a Diocesan Conven- 
tion. At its close, Bishop Mclivaine could write of ''a new Board of Trustees 
and a right Board." He could say with apparent exultation, "All now see that 
I am Head, and will be, and am powerfully backed by the Diocese." But ordi 
narily one head, even the head of a giant, is not set upon two bodies, and it 
was soon found that the Diocese was practically one body and the C!ollege 
another body, and that by this action the College was left without a head. 
Dr. Sparrow turned his steps sadly toward Virginia. Dr. Dyer moved east- 
ward. Other strong men lelt the beautiful hill they had learned to love, and 
dark days ensued. With emerging light clianges have been made which are 
advantageous, and others doubtless will be made by which the Institution will 
rise to the height of her opportunity. 

The best colleges and universities in our land, and those wliicii give 
])romise of the largest development in the future, are controlled by Boards of 



162 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Trustees who are themselves superior men, and can choose their own compe- 
tent and high-minded successors, and so l^eep out the incompetent, the dis- 
honest, and tlie unprincipled. In some cases, these men are selected without 
rei'erence to their religious lieliels or associations: but the Unitarians will 
probably continue to predominate in the controlling bodies of Harvard, the 
Oongregationalists at Yale, the Presbyterians at Princeton, and Churchmen at 
what ought to l)e the greatest of all our American universities, liuilt upon tlie 
foundation ol' Columbia College in the City of New York. 

Now, what ought to be the relation of the Protestant Episcopal Church to 
these different classes of colleges and universities? And in what directions 
can the good influence of Churchmen be most wisely exerted? 

Macaulay has told us what dire evils we, the inhabitants of the United 
States, are to look for in the future. Professor Huxley, too, has looked on for 
a century and told us of our dreadful dangers. He has told us also that "our 
sole safeguard is the moral worth and intellectual clearness of the individual 
citizen," and has said with truth that while "education cannot give these, it 
may cherish them and bring them to the front, and the universities may be, 
and ought to be, the fortresses of the higher life of the nation." 

Now, this higher life of the nation greatly concerns us all, and we should 
do all that we c§in to extend its influence and power. 

General Hancock is reported to have said that the tariff is a local ques- 
tion. If he had spoken, not of tlie tariti', but of our colleges and universities, 
he would have accurately expressed the truth ; for that is a local question, and 
should remain so. 

As Churchmen, what may be wise for us to do in one place and under one 
condition of aifairs, may be very unwise for us to do in another place and 
under another condition of affairs. 

If Bishop Harris had been Bishop ot Connecticut, he doubtless would 
have used his magnificent powers in strengthening and enlarging the work of 
Trinity College. If he had been Bishop of Ohio, I am confident that he would 
have worked as he had opportunity to lift up the light of Kenyon College, and 
he would have' been content with nothing less than the very best modern 
electric light. But, as Bishop of Michigan, he rightly felt that he ought not to 
turn away from the opportunities of usefulness so invitingly afforded him in 
connection with the great State University at Ann Arbor; and the most 
enduring monument he leaves behind him is that of Hobart Hall, which he 
caused to be built, and whose hallowing influences will continue and increase 
throughout advancing years. 

The whole truth with regard to this specific matter was well expressed in 
a resolution which was passed by the General Convention of our Church in 
the j^ear 1871 : 



KENYON COLLEGE. 163 



^^ Re.wl red, That, exccpl wlicre wcijility local or special consideralions 
intervene, it is our duly lo sustain oui- own eilucal ioujil inslifulions liy oui' 
^il'ts and our patronage." 

In Michigan, there i.s a weighty local consideration wliiidi strongly comes 
in, the ])resence of a commanding State University, with its free doors swung 
widely open. In Boston and New Haven, the voice of another weighty local 
consideration is heard, and some Churchmen rightly and wisely turn their 
steps toward Yale and Harvard. In fad. a voice somewhat like this is heard 
l)y Churchmen who are parents in many of the towns and cities of our land. 
For their children's collegiate education, they had sometimes better be sent to 
a place near home, or where some near relatives are in residence; and some- 
times tliey must needs be sent where they eaii be sent, when sti-aitened 
resources leave open no door but one. 

This, doubtless, is sometimes a matter to be regretted; but. in this world 
of ours, we must do the best we can. 

.\nd so special considerations come in also — such considerations as that 
of personal knowledge of one's own Alma J/rt^e/' justifying both gratitude and 
aflection, and so determining a parent's choice; or the (piestion of companion- 
ship; or the desire to provide for a son exceptional advantages in lines of 
study where marked aptitudes have been clearly manifested: or. in the case of 
the student himself, the special consideration of a scholarsliiji prize lionoi-aMy 
won. 

As to gifts of money, also, local and sj)ecial considerations have their 
rightful place Shall we blame the (nuirchman who is possessed of inherited 
wealth, and who uses some of that wealth in strengthening a college oi- uni- 
versity in which his ancestors for generations were greatly interested^ Or 
shall we find fault with the man who is of our own fold if he says, concerning 
the place of his residence, the place of his struggles and triumphs, the i)lace 
where his children were born and some of them lie buried, I love this place. 
It is inexpressibly dear to me. I have made my money here. ]\Iy friends are 
here. I want their descendants to be prosperous and happy. There is a 
college here — not perfect, not even a Church College. Hut. on the whole, it 
does good work, and Christian work. Its history has been one of usefulness. 
And now, in (lod's providence, I can help it lo a larger and more fruit I'ul life. 
and I will. 

However. I must only state (dearly the exceptions to the I'ule: the part to 
be emphasized is the rule itself. And the I'ule is, l)arring exceptions, tliat it is 
the manifest and imperative duty of our ( 'liurcli peoj)le to sup])ort our own 
educational institutions by their gifts and their patronage. 

Their patronage is a thing of consequence. The test of iiLimlx-rs is not, 
indeed, the true test of the success of a college or a university. A hundred 



16-1 KENYON COLLEGE. 



students at Johns-Hopkins may be worth many thousands of students at some 
of our Westei'n or Southern " Universities," and their training may be of 
greater value to the Nation. But still students are the material upon which 
our colleges must work, and the presence of a larger number of students at 
our best Church Colleges is a thing greatly to be desired. 

To this end let us labor to make the colleges, for the development and 
control of which we are chiefly responsible, more and more attractive. Let us 
make much in them of the strength and beauty of the religious life. Recog- 
nizing that the perfect manhood was that of the Man — Christ Jesus, let us 
hold up that manhood with the power of a mighty enthusiasm before the 
hearts of young men, that so they may rejoice to crown Him King of kings 
and Lord of lords. For the best religious development of the young, intelli- 
gent life of our land, we have an inestimable prize in our Prayer-Book. Let 
us use it with the broad spirit of helpfulness that shines upon its every page. 
But more; let us so equip our colleges that we may attract to them the very 
best professors. Thankfully recognizing the fact that we have some of the 
very best already, let us add to the number, and increase their appliances, 
that so we may add to their efficiency. 

And thus we come to the point where we must speak of the need of 
money. Why, even Columbia College needs a vastly larger sum of money 
than she now has, witli all her wealth, if she is to do the great work which 
opens before her in our great metropolis. Trinity College needs money — 
much money — for the large development which ought to come to her. Ken- 
yon College needs money. Her's is a crying need, and if that need were 
amply met, there would come at once more than a fourfold return. That 
Hobart has need, her worthy President, who is to follow me, will surely own. 

Our Churchmen are not awake as they ought to be in this matter of 
higher education. We do not want more foundations, but we do want splendid 
superstructures to rise on the foundations already stronglj^ laid. The principle 
of the survival of the fittest must work as to our colleges and universities. 
Some in existence will die, as they ought to. But the best of our colleges 
ought surely to' live and grow, and be more and more a power for good, and 
some of our Church Colleges ought to take their place among the best. Among 
the members of their Boards of Trustees are to be found some of the ablest 
and some of the noblest men in our land — men who lead in their respective 
Boards, and who can safely be trusted to see that large benefactions are wisely 
administered, and in accordance with the intent of the donors. 
"God bless you gentlemen; learn to give 
Money to colleges while you live." 

So sang, sweetly and strongly, Oliver Wendell Holmes. Would that the notes 
of this song might reach some of our wealthy Churchmen, and linger in their 



KENYON C:)LLEGE. 165 



memories as an inspiring invitation to iielp some of our best Church Colleges, 
that so those colleges may grow stronger and stronger for the work they are 
called to do. 

One of our Ohio public men — a man of brains and learning — has writ- 
ten wisely, " It grieves me to see the mistake so often made of trying to build 
some new college from the ground up, hundreds ol' thousands of dollars spent 
in starting, something, leaving nothing or very little to enable it to go." 

Why should such a mistake l)e madci' P'or men so intelligent as those 
who are members of our own communion there is no excuse. 

Wealthy Churchmen who have money to give for educational purposes 
should study the history of some of our Cliurch Colleges, and see what strong 
beginnings have been made. Some of these colleges have a histoi-y of which 
all Americans may well feel proud. Some have a record of heroic sacrifice, of 
noble endeavor, and of real if not consjjicuous success. These colleges are 
worth building upon. 

Some of them have won the right to live. Let us see that their life is 
made fuller and richer. 

By faithful. Christlike toil, by earnest prayer, by consecrated gifts of 
money, this may be surely and speedily accomplished. 

The discussion which Ibllowed the reading of this jjaper, and tlie paper of 
Kev. E. N. Potter. D. D., LL. D., President of Ilobart College, was of great 
interest. 

President Potter's peroration was both eloquent and effective. Some of 
his suggestions were particularly wise and weighty. His reference to Bishop 
Harris was timely. "The late Bishop Harris — loved and lamented leader! 
aided by devoted Ciuirchmen, establislied, at the University of Michigan, 
Hobart Guild and Hall, and a Lecture Course. Able and honored Churchmen 
are delivering the Baldwin Lectures published to edify and delight a still 
wider circle. But I know, from personal intercourse with Bishop Harris, that 
he would not exclude Church Colleges, nor the Church University, from aid 
and work and sphere; at Ann Arbor he did the next best thing on ground 
already occupied.'' 

The address of Rev. Arthur Brooks, Rector of the Church of the Incarna- 
tion, N. Y., was particularly strong, and worthy of consideration. A jiortion 
of the address is given in the following pages : 



1(5(5 KKNYON COLLEGE. 



Ctb6rc5s bij Hoi>. ctrtliur l^rooks, i>. D. 



1 iircsiimc llml wo shall all ai^ive (liat it is the work of the Ohuirh to 
iiilhuMico ami lead llie world in all its interests. In so large a sense of its 
diilv, the ("hurcli is called upon to exercise its junctions in many ditl'erent 
wavs. It must reach the husiness life of nu'ii, iuspirini;' honesty and upright- 
ness of ('(induct; it must make itself fell in the imrity of tone which it 
diffuses Ihrongh all the social relatic^ns of men; it must be ellective in 
banishing frivolity and dissipation fnuu anuisenienis in which its members 
and the community partake. In tliese and similar relations the Ohufch can 
udl work as an organization; it cannot enact its canons, or stand beside men 
with the authority of prescribed modes of action, when the manifold emer- 
gencies of a complieated life press upon them. It must be a power and an 
inlluenee, ever making itself felt, but utterly unable to present itself in its 
ori!;anized capacity. Very dillerent is its function in such relations from that 
which it performs with regard to niissi(ms and evangelization. In such labors 
il must stand forth distinctively as an organized body, needing all its equip- 
ment of ollicers, institutions, and laws, presenting itself in its totality and 
unity of form. It is the (.'hurch in action which is t(i be seen in both cases; 
hut il is the Church suiting its action lo relations which change with every 
new demand tor power that is made upon it. To the Church of the early and 
Middle Ages there was not and, perhaps, could not be any such distinction. 
Then, for example, the Church moulded government liy ruling, by crowning 
and discrowning kings, by placing the loot of the Bishop upon the neck of 
the monarch; to-day the Church inlluences politics by the moral principles 
and the spiritual ideals which it plants in the hearts of the citizens. Sur- 
vivals of the old conception are to be found in the attempts at business 
enterprises, such as the savings bank iiro.ject under Church management 
attempted by Archbishop Purcell at Ciucinnali. And the disastrous results, 
where imrity of motive can lie abunilantly conceded, tell the story of the 
weakness of such system of Church life and action, with a clearness which 
no argument can ever attain. And most distinctly, by its refusal to regulate 
social customs through ecclesiastical enactment, by its careful refraining from 
all interference with political questions, our Church has recognized the limita- 
tions of its corporate action, while it has claimed all human interests as the 
proper tield for its activity through the united and individual work of its 
members. It has, from points of view varying with the ditferent theories 



KKNYON COLLEGK. 



eiiilii-iicc<l williiii its cliin-iliililc |i;ilc, cm |ili;isiz('(l ils iiiinislrv iiiid oriiMiii/,:!! ion 
;is cssciil i;il I'liclors of cH'ccI i\c mikI licallhy ('lii-islian work in ( 'liurrli cxlcii 
simi mill ('(lilicalioii; iii'vcr lias il claiiiicil lur lliciii llic n'iilil lo dirlalc llie 
IVaiiU'Wdrk nf iiovcrinnciit , sucicly. oi- |iiililic aclioii. 

Where. Ilieii, ill coiiiiecl i(]n willi (iiir (|iiesli(in nl" this iiidi-iiiii^' wo 
iiadirally ask, in lliis wiiie rani;e nl llie ( 'liiireirs iiilliieiire iVdin Ihal nf a, 
delinid' orj^aiiizalinii tn thai of an ellec'live |)(i\ver, dues the iiii|i(irlaiil inleresl 
of ediicalidii standi Hall' way lielwcen llie Iwn exlreiiies, wc nia\' say, 
speakiiii;' hroadly ami in lieiieral lerms. ( )iir (|iiesli()n is (•(iiiceriied wilh 
rollei^'es. S(di(](il life is ill realily I he alleinpl lo sniiply whal, for one reasini 
or another, the family eannol i;:i\c. Il is, therefore, in a eertaiii sense the 
extension of the family, siilijecl to the same laws of ini|ilii-it I rust , of com 
|ilele authority, of strict reiiiilat ion, and of hoiiioueiieoiis iiilliieiices. With 
Hie snl.jecl of the ('liiiivh school we are not .'ailed to ili'al to (la\', and, 
|ierlia|>s, some of ns wIki dilfer as lo the ideal of the ('linrch ('olle;;c mi;.;lit 
liml onrsidves more in aiii'cement on the siiliie<'t of the ('hui'cli scIkkjI, w lieri' 
children ar*' uathereil froiii distant places to form one family under new 
cijiidilions, and yet with much t he same re(|iiiremeiits as t hose w hi(di li(doiii;cd 
(o them in Hie sacred ]irecincts ot' home. With his entrance at ( 'oilcj^e, llie 
yoiiiii; man lias l)efi;iin to no mit into the wdild, lie I'e.ds it, and olhei-s iiiiisl 
recoLiiii/.e il. lie has liei:nn to meet other men; the old liomoi;ciieoiisness of 
ridation, which has lieeii im]iaired ever since lie licLiaii to jilay with other 
children, at lenj;lli iiives way when he meets men from many ditlereni 
aiitecedenl lives. That fad is an iiii|iortaiil feature of his new life which 
cannot lie lost sijrlit of. lie is not yet in the wm'ld ; lie is st ill in a state of 
jire|iarat ion. He is still a learner ami not yet a worker, altlioni;h he has 
experienced a (diaiii^c of position, perlia;)s i^reater and more radical Hiaii thai 
which he passes throii^li as he iioes from ('olleiic into active life, as inaii\- of 
IIS who have heeii throilji'h these transmutations can testify. The hoy is 
still in a state of imiiiat iii'ity. hnt you lia\<' him now staiiilin^ with his eyes 
open, no lonticr lixed upon the family wliiidi is around him, hut upon the 
Wdl'ld whi(di is hefore him. T(j a m.iii at siic-h a time nothiiii:' coiihl he more 
imporlaiit than ridii;'ioii. Ipoii the presentation which is inaile of it at that 
lime will depend the fiitiii'e iil' the men who are to he the leaders in our 
nation. It must he I'oiistant, peiwasive, reasonalile, and powerful. The 
i|uestion of how to rea(di the masses is mit more important than the i;reat 
(jiiestion as to the method of training' riiilitly these leaders of tlii' masses. 
Into it il is not our place to enter here. Hnl as I mention and emphasize its 
im|)ortance, I tind it possihie to say once foi- all, with a clearness wdlicli F 
trust will not he forgotten as I hasten to other points of my ar;;iiment, that i 
do lielieve that onr ('liiirch, more than aii\' other, has the ahilitv to do this 



lljv; KKMYON COLLKtiK. 



all important work. l\v (lie lioaiity of its worsliip it is adapted to the tastes 
and feelings of eullivated men; l-y llie warmth and siniplieily of its evan- 
gelieal teaehiiigs it reaehes the hearts of men wlio are ready to turn to it as a 
relief from tlie eonstant training of the mind; by its 'order of services and 
seasons it appeals to the ever-growing love ol' system; by its breadth and 
eomprehensiou in theology it relieves men iVom the Inivden of dogmatic 
professions, which they dread as tetters to a constantly growing and developing 
life; by the doctrinal position of its catechism and standards it recognizes the 
oneness oi" religion and lit'e. and gives to a man in his earliest days that right 
to claim his sonship to Ciod, wliich is the charter of all hnman activity and 
llioiichi. Such religion our colleges need; wherever and under whatever 
form and circumstances it is given, in all the range ot' Tidleges it is welcomed 
aiul dees its mighty work. And well may we claim and rejoice that in our 
system ol' that worship there are features tiiat have gained and will gain 
recognition as being specially adapted I'or this iniporiant lield of religious 
action upon the young men in our Colleges. 

Our Ohureh as a power is very able, theret'ore, with regard to education. 
But when we regard it as an i>rganization we understand its possible hin- 
drances for the work, Tiie very strength and compactness of its organized 
form, adapting it for missionary and evangelistic purposes beyond all others, 
exposes it to a danger of attempting to make itself felt as an organization 
where it ought to be known as a power. It is a danger to which every 
ecclesiastical body is exposed in its educational institutions; it is one to which 
we, as the best organized ecclesiastical body, will be most exposed. It is 
simply one ot' the examples in life of the universal law. that a great gift 
always brings new dangers in its train and tleinands new wisdom for its 
administration. And whether we believe that our form ot' Churcii govern- 
ment is a Divine gift by immediate inspiration to the Apostles, or by the 
guidance of the Holy Spirit through the ripening history and experience of 
the Oliurch. it is tlie deepest faith and loyalty so to learn the nature of that 
gift that it may always assist and never retard the divine purpose of nuin's 
salvation lor which it is given. 

The obtrusion of the Church as an organization into the tield of educa- 
tion creates a divided interest. The College is valued now for its contribution 
to churchly and, again, to educational interests, whereas the latter are those 
for which it should exist and to which, in their largest sense, all attention 
should be given. These two sets of interest may coincide or may not; the 
various individuals concerned will dillerently reg-jird their comparative 
importance, and confusion, compromise, and weakness can only be the result. 
Educational excellence and denominational success together will ever be 
contesting the ground in the conception and management of the College, and 



KENYON COLLEGE. 1(59 



men will never know whether I hey are iieljiini:; a (liiurcli or liuildinji iij) a 
College. From such a cause has come, I l)elieve, that state of afl'airs which 
has been depicted upon this platlbrm, and which shows want of sympathy 
with our Church Colleges, and the withholding of gifts from them by the 
members of our Church, who are not assured that they are good educational, 
but only that they are good Church institutions. Distrust is al the root of 
want of assistance. Most wisely our Church has abstained, with a persistence 
which is often misrepresented, from dictating as to social usages, while to its 
members it has ever recommended the e.xercise ol' the widest and healthiest 
inlluence in social circles. And to deny it.self tiie pleasure of organized 
management of educational institutions would ])e to show the same wisdom 
and gain the same healthy influence. 

And in our methods of management we see no evidence of ada])tii1ii)ii (o 
educational questions. The term Church College is a \ery vague one, being 
made to include Columl)ia College, which is an E25isco])al College only by 
virtue ol' the fact that its President has always been a communicanl of tlie 
Protestant Episcopal Church, and Colleges which are under E])iscopal super- 
vision and whose governing boards are chosen by Diocesan Conventions. The 
latter in the strictest sense is a Church College, and it is the tendency toward 
this type in a greater or less degree, of which we must take some account in 
our discussion. Such management gives the responsibility ibr the College to 
a Ixjdy of men of whose titness there can be no assurance, who are chosen for 
])rominence in Diocesan and Parochial matters, often most remote IVoni 
educational interests; it involves also the opportunity, in the election ol' 
Trustees for a College, for revision or e\en rebuke of its past management by 
a convention, in which personal responsibility disappears and immediate 
questions of College management cannot be worthily discussed, and which is 
easily swayed by prejudices which express the opinion of a majority of its 
members, poorly informed and trained upon educational questions. It jtufs 
behind the President and other otficers of the College a large gathering ol' 
clergymen and laymen which meets every year with a perfect liberty and 
authority to discuss and change by its elections, if not otherwise. College 
regulations ; all personal responsibility is taken from those officers by such a 
mode of procedure, and all chance of becoming skilled and experienced 
educators is destroyed. Episcopal supervision is open to the same oljjections 
l)y intruding into a company of educators a form of authority intended for an 
entirely different sphere, and which may or may not be thrown on the side of 
the greatest wisdom, but which continues without power of change from year 
to year. A Bishop, who may have been elected for the very different qualities 
which a Diocese imperatively demanded, whose circumstances of life may 
have given no acquaintance witii educational institutions, and who even may 



170 • KEN YON COLLEGE. 



have been chosen before such a College was founded, can be the man most 
influential by position and authority of office in determining the character and 
fate of a Church College. Just in proportion as the influence of such 
organized Church government is reduced the danger of evil results is 
diminished, and the College takes its true place as an educational institution. 
But surely no mere chance of obtaining by such indirect methods of Episcopal 
selection the rarely wise man, as is at times the case, can make a community 
of prudent and reasoning men look with favor upon such a system or endow 
with liberality the College whicli is committed to it. 

Educational institutions must be and will be conservative, but their con- 
servatism must be that of their own nature, not that of ecclesiasticism. They 
must be allowed to determine for themselves the range of thought and discus- 
sion which is to be included within their walls. They must be regulated by 
their own wisdom and influenced by their own character and interests. Men 
of investigation and of new thought must be welcomed. Tlieories which 
sound strange as they are first stated cannot be rejected, for it is such 
theories which have given us some of the very fundamentals of our perma- 
nent thought to-day. It is better that such theories should be stated where 
opportunities of investigation, discussion, and refutation exist than in the 
unrestrained and untrained ranks of outside speculation. The Church wiselj' 
again admits this fact, where its ecclesiastical action is involved, by its large 
creeds and its wide range of thought and expression on all subjects. It can and 
must trust the working of the same principle elsewhere. The limitations of 
decency, soberness, thoughtfulness, and self-restraint every College will value 
and guard, where the prejudices of worthy ecclesiastics would tear up itiany a 
useful plant and cast it away with the weeds of rash and unbridled specula- 
tion. Leaders in new thought, the young man in College wants to hear and 
to study. To criticise their position, to determine their value, to estimate 
their proper influence, it is the, College and not the Church authority which is 
needed; and the educator and scholar will be free from characteristics of 
training and necessities of action which must ever regulate the thought of 
his ecclesiastical brother. It is for and not against the true Church College 
and its President that I plead; for freedom from ecclesiastical trammels, 
freedom to exercise the responsibility of its great function, freedom to 
determine the questions which it alone understands, and to be judged by the 
results, freedom to use to its full the Church's religious and spiritual treasures 
without the constant supervision and interposition of the Church's organized 
forces. It is in the interests of education that I ask for the greatness of 
religious influence freed from the narrowness of ecclesiastical management 
and association. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 171 



Ker>. Herman Bab^er's "^Setter to the ctlumni Ctssociation 



Fort Concho, Texas, June 7, 1875. 

Brethren — Many long years liave pa.ssed since I met in council with the 
Alumni of Kenyon College. But length of time lias not abated my atlacli- 
ment to my alma mater, nor have distance in longitude and latitude and tlie 
surroundings of a wild frontier life prevented me from giving many serious, 
earnest thoughts to the welfare (jf my former home — the home of my youtli, 
the home of my early manhood, and the l)irth place of my new life as a 
-Christian. 

This welfare can, in my opinion, be best promoted by going back in our 
inquiries to the earliest days of the Institution, by ascertaining /rrr w/iat pur 
pose, by whom, and hy what means, it toas founded ; by noting the changes thai 
have since occurred in Church and State, some of the most radical of the mis- 
takes that have been made, and some of the circumstances that have tended 
to elevate or depress the Institution, and Ity adaptiny it to the demands of the 
times, so far as it can be done, in consistency with its original purpose. 

Can I have the attention of my Brethren while I attempt a hurried and 
brief discussion of these several topics? 

THE PURPOSE OF THE INSTITUTION 

I. When Bishop Chase entered on his Episcopate in Ohio, he had l)ut 
few CO lal)orers in his field, and their nundjer, for several years, increased but 
slowly, and not in proportion to the inci'ease of population in the State. At 
that time, a journey from the East was not a pleasant excursion of a few 
hour's ride in an agreeable railroad coach; and the means ol' locomotion in 
Ohio were not such as to encourage any one to improve them, who was not 
endowed with a hardy constitution, and with incentives to endure hardsliips, 
greater than fall to the lot of ordinary human nature. 

The Bishop soon saw and felt — for his feelings entered largely into all 
his work — that the ranks of the ministry must be tilled from the native or 
adopted sons of the soil. But the ministry of the Episcopal Church must ]je 
an educated one. He had himself been an educator, tor a large portion of his 
life, and he determined that a school should be established to supply, or at 
least to aid in supplying, the pressing demand. 

Youth at any age and any degree of intellectual culture, were to be taken 
and trained and educated, till, if called by the Holy Spirit, they should go 
forth to preach the Gospel. 

This, then, was the original purpose of the Institution. 



172 KENYON COLLEGE. 



II. Let us inquire 

WHO WERE ITS FOUNDERS? 

* * * * * '!' * * * '!■ * * * * * 

Bishop Chase was, without question, the prime mover in the enterprise, 

but he was not the only man whose sympathies and means were enlisted in 

the work. 

.* * * ***** ******* 

Evangelical men, who believed that man is born again of the Spirit by 

the Woi'd, and sanctified by the same means, men who had broad Christian 

sympathies with those of other names, men who believed in prayer meetings, 

Bible and Tract Societies, were the men, and they only, who gave the funds 

to build Kenyon College. 

* * * * * * * ******** 
We see then who were the founders. 

WHAT WERE THE MEANS THEY USED? 

III. Of course they gave their money, but was this all they dM? Far 
from it. They consecrated their gifts with their prayers, and some of these 
gifts were in amounts realized only after the most rigid personal retrenchments. 
And all were given as to God and not to man. Many combined to exert an 
iniiuence among parents and communities in favor of the new enterprise. And 
thus score's of youths were brought from their comfortable homes in Virginia, 
or from the stately mansions of Philadelphia, to rough it with the Pioneer 
Bishop, and to become themselves luminous in the " Star of the West." 

Those who engaged personally with the Bishop in the work, did so in the 
spirit of earnest self-sacrifice. The Rev. Dr. Sparrow refused many tempting 
offers, and remained to live on a mere pittance, and Drs. Wing and Preston 
and others, engaged as teachers, might have had other, far more lucrative 
employments. 

No mission enterprise was ever begun with more heartfelt devotion to the 
cause of Christ than was this. Founded by such men and by such means, who 
does not see that there is a sacredness in the trust which will prevent success 
or honor from resting on any attempt that may be intentionally or carelessly 
made to divert the Institution from its original purpose ? 

IV. Let us next notice 

THE MISTAKES, 

If such they may be called, that have been committed. 

The first was the locating of the Institution in the woods, instead of in, or 
in the vicinity of, some large town. This mistake, if it was one, was early 
pointed out, in a pamphlet, by a shrewd practical man, Mr. Charles Ham- 



KENYON COLLEGE. iq-^ 



nioiid, the founder of the Cincinnati Gazette. My own judgment is, tliat the 
course pursued was ratlier a teni]>orarv injury to the growth of the Episcopal 
Churcli, than any real injury (o the cause of sound learning. There is no 
doubt the money expended on stone and mortar, in providing dormitories in 
the woods, would have sustained several professors in a city where the 
students could have found lodgings at home or with friends. Then the locat- 
ing of several Episcopal clergymen as professors, in a body, in such a city as 
Cincinnati, would have been a power there for advancing the interests of the 
Episcopal Church, aside from their regular duties as teachers. But when 
these same clergymen were shut up in the woods, with only a sparse popula- 
tion of the most uncultivated class within striking distance, that power was in 
a great measure wasted. Then, too, all the citizens of a town where a college 
is located, usually feel a personal interest in its welfare, and sujiply it with a 
large number of students either from their own firesides, or attracted from a 
distance through the influence of relatives. Thus the catalogue is swelled, 
and after the superficial mode of judging among Americans, "more makes 
more." 

Kenyon has enjoyed no such factitious advantages. Yet, in my opinion, 
it has enjoyed real advantages, which far outweigh all these. I do not count 
as one of these the surrounding of students by an uninhabited ibrest of miles 
in e.xtent, so often alluded to by Bishop Chase as a "moral guard." He 
meant a guard of morals. They have been only a physical guard, and that of 
the jjoorest kind. A moral guard stands sentinel over the heart, and etfects 
its purpose by swaying the impulses rather than by putting physical obstacles 
in the way of those seeking to gratify wayward propensities. But the majestic 
I'orests around Kenyon have not been without their use. 

To a well disposed student, intent on the cultivation of his intellect and 
the garnering of knowledge, the isolation of Kenyon, its seclusion from ephe- 
meral excitements of the day, is invaluable. But the great and distinguishing 
feature of Kenyon has been, that its students have been absolutely free from 
the constraining and contracting infiuences of any surrounding social horizon. 
They go out and come in without encountering the gossip and tittle tattle 
that rtoat so abundantly in every mixed community. Standing as it were on a 
point, a high watch tower, they look out, not on little coteries and bands 
around them engaged in advancing their little schemes of personal ambition, 
liuf out on the whole broad world and take in its movements and its motives. 
This outlook has a corresponding influence on the expansion of their minds 
and the enlarging of their views. 

In this way I account for the fact that a larger number of the graduates 
of Kenyon have held important positions in society than their comparative 
number would seem to have made probable. 



174 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



A man brouiiht up and educated in a village, partakes of the character- 
istics of tliat village. If subsequent circumstances cause his removal to a 
larger field and the acquiring of larger views, he looks back with a sort oi' con- 
temptuous pity on the narrow-minded people he has left behind. The dweller 
in llie metropolis sees something provincial in the inhabitant of every inferior 
town, while his conceit blinds him to the fact that, though his social horizon 
is a little large, it is on that very account the more impassable. I am not 
certain that large universities are not open to the same objection. Their 
nK'nil)ers are too apt to feel that the little world in which they live contains 
everything that is needed, and that they have no occasion to look beyond. 

My inference from all this is thai what has been called " the mistake of 
locating Ivenyon in the woods," was not a mistake so far as the highest train- 
ing of the mind is concerned. 

It will be observed that I take no account of the social enjoyment and 
refining influence of a mixed society, so often the themes of green College 
students. They are unworthy of a moment's consideration by earnest students 
preparing for the great struggle with men of cultivated intellects. Four 
months are not too long a time to keep the mind intently bent on study 
witliout damage to its previous social culture. xVnd if a student wishes only 
to enjoy Ivimself, and have a good time generally while going through College, 
he should seek some other locality more favorable to his wishes than the 
quiet, gray old walls of Kenyon. 

For the main drift of these remarks, I am indebted in part to an observa- 
tion made by Mrs. Richard Douglas, one of the bright, intellectual stars 
that siione in the galaxy of refined Chillicothe ladies some forty years ago. 
A student had asked her opinion of students mingling in societj^ when, con- 
trary to his expectation, and the generality prevalent notions in College, she 
pi-omptly responded, " that as the great object of training the mind was to 
give it power over mind, tlie more purely intellectual its exercises, and the 
less it should be distracted by external surroundings during the term of study 
the better would its object be attained," and she went on, at some length, and 
in tiie same strain, and in a beautiful flow of words, to give apposite illustra- 
tions and a convincing argument that, in one mind at least, settled the 
question at once and forever. 

V. Thus, while I do not admit that the locating of Kenyon in the woods 
Avas a mistake, I maintain, that a 

A VERY GRAVE MISTAKE 

Was made by the early instructors in Kenyon, in common with those in other 
institutions in the West, in this, that thej' failed to comprehend the striking 
peculiarities of our Western people, and consequently failed to adapt their 



KENYON COLLEGE. 175 



syslciii iiC (•(liiciit idii III IIm' prcssini;' wiiiils (if ;i new, vigorous mikI |iiisliinf^ 
pii|iiil;il idii. Tlicv \\ci-c inoi-c r;iiii il iar willi I lie niiilinc oC Kiislcfil (Jollcfics 
than willi llic |icciiliar lypi' nf liiiinanil y as (li'xi'lopcil in (lie Wfsl, willi jlie 
stniiiL:: ami nnlicwii iniiuls wliirh, in llic i-oniili ami InniMc ol' an nnscdlcij 
slalciil' sdcicly, si I'ikc iinl lor I lirniscl vcs anil rise Id IIic sui'lacc, wliicli will 
iiol suhinil Id i'(']irc'ssi()n. nccil mi ilcvclopincnl , ami only i-cipiirc a liKle 
iziiiilancc ;iml assislani'c. 'I'licsc (carlicrs llidnjrlil llicy did widl Id iinilnlc 
prarliccs and syslcins in Ivislern (.'oilefics, wliicli Inid ;;r()\\n ii|i niidci- (|niU' 
diUcrcnl i-ircnnistaiiccs. 'I'iiey IimsIcmumI, as soon as possihN', lo iircparc a 
pi-ucruslcan lied, on wliich all Western inhdici-ls, wlidlici- lii^ di- lilllc, slroni;' 
in- weak, nii^jhl he eqnally strclclieil. A cii rricul u m ofslndii's lni- Ion r years 
was addplcd, ;ind a (•ciiain ])art assiiinrd In v,\v\\ year. And llirn llic^rcal 
cry was lur rciinlars. 'I'lic inaidiinc iiinsi lie rnn like !*]aslcrn niarhincs. The 
ydnlli wild had iiidcjicmlcin'c riiiini;li In rlioiisf his own slndics was plarcd 
iiiidrr a lian, and cdiisidi'i'cil as sctliiii;' his jiidt:ni('nl alid\c Ihr wisdimi 
of a,-rs. 

I!y Ihis cry many a slronji youth was turned IVoni the fooljjallis lo (he 
ti'inple dt l<'aine, and many sti'onfi: minded ])arents, not apprecialirif: Ihe valne 
df Lai in and (ireek and high Mat henialics in an cdncalidn, were made In I urn 
llicir hacks on their own institutions. 

I would not he iindci-slodd as dcprcciat ini; Ihe iin|ioi-tancc of llic slndics 
named for devtddpini;- and cult i\ at ing the iiiind. I!iil I Wdiild niainlaiii I hat 
minds nal iirally si rdug and oriiiinal, or that have heeii trained in sdineli-ade 

or prdfession, do not 1 1 to lie snlijecled lo Ihe same process that others do. 

l''or instance, a man who has, lor yeai's, learned to conli-ol his mind in Ihe 
pj-actice of liookdveeping, or liy handlin^j; type in a pi'int in;; dllice, has acquired 
a I rainin;.; t hat is equivalent to more I han half I hat of I he liesi ( 'ollege course. 

The world moves. And the irregular student has linally, in most institu- 
tions, gained a position iiy lieing allowed to graduate as :i llachcddr nf Science. 

It has happent'd willi diir ^\'eslern insi itutidiis, as with most imitators, 
that defecis rather than inei-ils have lieen imitated. .\i-tilicial distinctions, 
t he scorn df most Western men. have lieen attempted. ,\ I lent inn Id mere form 
and dress tieyond their comparative worth, has lieen encouraged. Usages and 
legends of a demoralizing tendency have heen iiil rodiiced, and comparisons, 
in reference to iiiimliers, are continually made, as though Ihis, which has 
not liing lo lid VN'ilh Ihe vahu' of an institution, were the only point in \\liiidi 
we a1 the AVest are to rival the Kasl. The fad is, the founders and members 
of our Western institutions hail no more occasion to imitate those at the Kasl 
than the founders of oui- Iv'epiililic hail to imitate Ihe caste distinctions and 
ell'ete usages of the old monarchies of I'jurope. 



17fi RENYON COLLEGE. 



IV. ANOTHER MISTAKE IN KENYON 

Kiudi-ed to the one we have just had under consideration, was the separating 
of the professors and teachers of the institution into two distinct faculties — 
one of Arts and tlie other of Theology. By this operation two masters, with 
divided interests, were placed in one household. Had all the students 
entering College been professing Christians, this division of interests would 
not have been so apparent. But the great majority have had no thought of 
the ministry. And it would seem^ the separation must have been effected 
without any very vivid remembrance of the original purpose of the institu- 
tion, or with a very great lack of foresight of its effect. The original purpose 
was only not exclusive, because it could not be known beforehand whom the 
Holy Spirit would call. Facilities were afforded to all in the hope that, 
educated under sucli inffuenees, a large number of students would be induced 
to enter the ministry. But it was never anticipated that the giving a secular 
education mainly to those who were secular in their feelings and aims would 
ever become the great end of the institution. 

Whether or not this has been the result, it is certain its tendency has 
been to effect the very thing laid to the charge of Bishop Chase at the time 
he resigned the Episcopate of Ohio. In the report of a Committee of the 
Diocesan Convention, then in session, it was said that " he had merged the 
Theological Seminary in Kenyon College." That report was suppressed on 
the ground of the inexpediency of making charges. " Because," said Judge 
Brush in the Convention," we are the party in power, and he is the party out 
of power." But the bare proposing of the accusation shows the jealousy of 
the Convention concerning the possible diversion of the sacred funds to the 
promotion of an object merely secular. The Bishop had been no more to 
blame than others for the prominence given to the College proper, and not so 
much so perhaps, as those wdio were instrumental in making the institution 
as nearly as possible like Colleges at the East. 

In the earliest days, such a division, no matter what might have been 
attempted in theory, would have been impossible in fact; for the Theological 
teachers did duty in College as much as any others, and the work could not 
have gone on without them. The division increased immensely the expense 
of carrying on the institution without adding anything to its efficiency, or, as 
I believe, to its reputation. 
* * * * * * * ******** 

Advanced students need advice and direction, and not so much direct 
personal suj)ervision and drilling as do beginners; and it may be more 
agreeable to j)rofessors to make such a division of classes and departments 
that each can discharge all his obliijations bv the devotion of two or three 



KKNYON COLLEGE. 177 



lidiirs a (lay Id liis classes. Ili;iii lo uInc live (ir six lidiirs a dav In a, varicly of 
( 'ollciic ami ( iraiiiiiiai- ScIkkiI (liitics, Ami il is a vci-y |(|-clly llicoi'v llial a 
prorcssor iiiiisl lia\c leisure Id devdle Id di'i^inal iiivcsl i;ial inns ami ilee]) 
]-esearcli sd llial I lie wcirM al lai-!^'e may eiijey I he prodiM'ls of his leisuri', and 
Ills iiisliliilidii llie repnlalidii nT possessiiiii siicji a i^eiiiiis. I>iil iid |)iir(, of I be 
emidwineiils n\' Keiiyiiii wei'e i-diit ril)iil<>d hy llie Slalc, and the consecrated 
iiills dl' I he ('hiii-ch wci-e n(j| lie>ld\\('d loi- I he |)ui'|iosi> of rni'iiislilnf; easy 
lierlhs Id men of leisure. .\nd il is a well known facl lli.al Ihe liesi products 

of Ihe niimi — if we accejil those in llie sin,i:le line of lileralnr( products 

Ihal lia\c aided in Ihe ad\an<'e of science, arts, and morals have <'onie Irom 
men eni;a;i('d in some prdfessioii or business dccnpidion. 

* * * * * y.- V; * * * :/.- * -I: * * 

VM. ANOTHER IVIISTAKE 

Was the fillini: of the chairs in Cdliep' with laymen instead of clerfjymen. I 
lake this jxisilidu not liecause laymen ai'c not just as g;ood teachers as clerjiy- 
nien ; nor lieciuse I have any I'aidl Id lind willi Ihe a ppeinl nienis in l<en\on. 
I lielieve amonL; Ihein siie h;is enjoyed, and does slill enjey scjuie of Ihe 

hiiihesi le.-ichini:' laleni in Ihec i1i-y. I am aimin;; .al pi-in<'iple, and Udl men, 

and wish il disi inci |\- understood Ihal nothing personal enters this discussion. 

* * * * * * ft * * * * * * * -i! 

A layman ma>- he as an.\it)iis lo inci-ease tlie raid<s of the ministi-yasa 
clergyman could lie. .\ml dduMless 1 hei-e are many such exceplidnal cases. 
I!ut is it reasdiiahle Id sujijidse Ihal men, whd havene\-ei- lieen drawn hythe 
lldly Spirit Id take up Ihe woi'k df Ihe ministry, will have their IlKJUiihIs so 
mu(di u]>(ui sendinu: olhei-s irdo its ranks, as lh(;se who ai-e themselves alreadv 
in the work ^ ( )r will I heir eNani])le and personal inlluen('e be lik(dy lo 
keep tli(> sulijeil cdnlinually liefdi'e Ihe mind of Ihe stuileid;' And, where 
rfdii^ious insliaiclions and social i-(dij;idus ineelin^is sheuhl be ]irdniinenl, can 
laymen in Ihe Mpiscdpal ('hurch be e.\i)ected lo l.ake Ihe lead as c|ei\!j,ymen 
could:' Some think a chaplain can attend to all re(|uired relii;idus duties. 
But Christianity is social in its character, and nowhei-e is il nidre ini]iorlanl 
that it shoulil ajjpear in its true character than in (lollei;e. Il re((uires all lo 
ibe interested and unite in ils worship; and if Ihe usages -of the Kpiscojjal 
Church do not favor this, should we nol cdme as ru'ai- il as possible by j)utfing 
men there to whom usaiics will be no bar:' A band of c|ei-ical teachers, 
certainly, in the M])iscopal Chui-ch, whei-e religion and piely.are lo he esjje- 
cially advanced, have a very decided advantage, in their W(j|-k d\'er laymen. 

I cannot delay to discuss this point in all its liearinirs, Iml in whatever 
direction I view it, I reach the same conclusion, lh;il the chani;c from (derical 
lo lav teachers was a mistake. 



178 KENYON COLLEGE. 



VIII. Let us now notice some of 

THE CIRCUMSTANCES TENDING EITHER TO ELEVATE OR DEPRESS THE 
INSTITUTION 

At tlie beginning Kenyon was almost the only institution distinctively 
Evangelical in the Episcopal Church, and but comparatively few schools oi' a 
high character had been established, under religious auspices, in the West. 
There was a general impression that Episcopal clergyman, as a class, were 
more highly educated than others and that a school managed by Episcopalians 
mast necessarily be of a high order. 
* * * * * % * •* % * * * * * * 

Another circumstance favorable to the College at ils start, was that the 
expense of plain living in Ohio, at that time, was very low. The opening of 
canals and railways and other means of intercommunication soon destroyed 
this very decided advantage. 

Again, Virginia sent many students solely because Kenyon was a good 
Evangelical school. Michigan had not yet opened her system of County 
Gymnasia, a system culminating in a grand i'ree University. If I remember 
rightly more than forty of the students of Kenyon were, at one time, from 
that State. Now the general tide of students runs in the opposite direction. 

Kenyon was never troubled by the presence of fanatical propagandists of 
any moral or political questions, but the agitation of exciting topics through- 
out the country made it, after a time, expedient that Evangelical men in 
Virginia, and at the South, should not send their students North. So they 
provided means of education at home and the supply of students from that 
quarter almost entirely ceased. 

Of all things that favored the College in its early days there was nothing 
that outweighed the devout spirit and earnest piety that pervaded the Institu- 
tion. Many prayers were ofTei'ed in its behalf. It was evidently borne up on 
the prayers of those who had given their money that laborers might be sent 
into the Lord's^ harvest. On more than one occasion the concerns of the soul 
became the absorbing and almost entirely engrossing topic with every mem- 
ber of the Institution. From those revivals came blessed fruits which may be 
seen, even to the present day, in the clergy and laity throughout the land. An 
atmosphere, so charged with the fragrance of prayer, is just such an atmosphere 
as every Christian should desire his children to breathe. , 

Bishoj] Chase, in his visitations, traveled with his heart and his mouth full 
of Kenyon, and left an impression in its favor that could not be easily oblit- 
erated. But as the work of building went on he became embarrassed in 
secular employments, and an opportunity was afforded for the (lireat Adver- 
sary to stir up discord and alienate friends. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 179 



First came the Rev. Li. "SI. West, who, to inaiiiiity liiinseli' and cover his 
own delinquencies, made an open attack on the Bishop. He probably 
succeeded, for a brief 2)eriod, in sliakint;; tiie contidence of some friends, if not 
in the integrity, at least in the wisdom of the Bishop's course. 

Then came the controversy between the Bishop and tlie Professors 
respecting the line of each one's respective duty and the limits of power. 

Tlie immediate, visible results of this controversy are well known. Bui 
who can tell liow manyjiearts were estranged from tiie Institution, and liow 
many prayers ceased to be oll'ered for its prosperity ? 

The residuum of thai controversy long remained a bilter ingredient in the 
Church in Ohio, both to excile the suspicions of Bishoji O's. successor and to 
supply the opponents of Kenyon witli the ready means of exciting prejudice. 
That even more harm was not done by it, was owing to the fact that the 
Diocese was so nearly a unit in sustaining the Professors, and also to the 
circumstance that the new Bishop Soon became prominent in tlie growing 
doctrinal controversies of the Church, so that Gambier — his residence — 
became almost a synonym with Geneva. 

It was a proud distinction, and its worth will yet be acknowledged liy the 
whole Church when she shall have thrown ofl' the incubus wliich has so long 
dwarfed her energies and caused divisions in iier liousehold. 

IX. SELLING THE COLLEGE DOMAINS 

SO as to change their value to other kinds of investment, and to surround tlie 
College with owners of property in i'ee simple, rather than witii tenants at 
will, was a very great departure from the original plans of Bishop Chase, and 
was not alfected without the loss of confidence on the part of many warm 
friends. The motives of those who favored the change did not all escape dispar- 
agement; and many omnious utterances were made, Ibrtelling a reckless 
waste of propert\^ and a speedy ruin of the Institution. Such utterances, of 
course, could only help to hasten the end predicted. But happily the oppo- 
nents of the change were not gifted with the true spirit of prophecy. And 
the good old ship again outrode the storm, and held on lier destined course, 
though possibly, with favoring breezes somewhat (liminished. All these 
changes and ditliculties. and others less radical in thcii- character, left an 
element of disconti nt and faultfinding among former friends. They did not 
seem to comprehend the situation nor recognize the fad that the springing 
up of numerous other colleges in the West and South, and the opening of 
high and graded schools in nearly evei-y town, have cut oil' liie original sources 
of supply from the College, but, fixing their narrow gaze on the summary of 
classes in the annual catalogue, coinplainingly asked, "why are tliere so few 
students in Kenvon?" Ami tlien takin<r counsel oftiieirown dissatislicd feel- 



ISO KEN YON COLLEGE. 



ings, they coolly asserted, '' thei-e must be something wrong there." And tliat 
there is something wrong there is whispered from mouth to mouth, when a 
prominent Churchman boldly proclaims "he never will send a son to the In- 
stitution while it is under such management." People do not ask his motive, 
but take his position as a guide for themselves. He spoke the truth. He was 
a sacramentarian. He never had favored the Institution, and he never will 
till it sliall have become, what God forbid it ever shall, a nursery of Komanism. 
The professors and people in Gambler hear liie whisperings and nuiller 
ings, and, equally blind to tiie facts, look around aihong themselves ibr the 
Jonah wiio is causing all the troulile, or the scape-goat who may carry away 
tiie load of opprol)Uim under wliich they seem to lal)or. Thus Iruni a I'ailure 
to comprehend tlie true state of things has the cause of education and of true 
piety been often wounded in the house of its friends. 

X. Let us next consider 

WHAT THE COUNTFTY NOW DEMANDS 

It is evident there is a wide dilference of views among Americans as to 
what a college should be. One would have it graduate farmers and railway 
engineers, equipt with all the practical knowledge required in those profes- 
sions. And others agreeing with him in part, though not so unreasonable in 
their demands, are complaining that foo many years of the active period of 
life are consumed within college Avails. 

Anothea" would have every man graduate a master of two ancient lan- 
guages, of the highest mathematics and of all the natural sciences and philos- 
ophy. And this one complains that a four years' course is too short I'or ail 
this. The former is a representative of the many and the latter of the few. 

If Kenyon is 'to be guided in her policy solely by the latter, then must 
she continue to struggle on in competition with older and far better endowed 
Institutions, and be content with the small numbers that fortuitous circum- 
stances may bring to her halls. But, if the views of the many are to have 
weight in shaping her course, then should her sails be, as soon as possible, 
so set as to take-the favoring winds. 

XI. It is not, in my opinion, impossible to so arrange the Institution as 

to meet all 

PREVAILING TENDENCIES 

First. The Theological Seminary and Kenyon College and Kenyon 
Grammar School should be one — not three distinct institutions as at present — 
one in interest, one in management, and one in their general aim. 

The matter of conferring degrees is a mere trifle compared with the diffi- 
cult, responsible, and important work of governing, teaching, advising, and so 
arranging the studies of all, that each may be continuously employed and 
kept up to the utmost stretch of his abilities. 



KEN YON COLLEGE. Igl 



Sccoiiif. Tlie niiniimiiii of a student's necessary expenses, in Gambler, 
sliould l)e reduced to tlie lowest possible figure. To this end tiie Trustees 
•should o])eii a " Commons Hall," where plain, substantial diet, witiiout 
luxuries, should be furnished to all wlio may desire the privilej^e, at bare cost. 
Tuition should be reduced so as to be on a par with the original cost of scholar- 
ships, and a scheme should be originated and put in execution for making 
tuition free to all who shall have been ov-er two years in the Institution. And 
the amount of all tuitions should be divided pro rata ani<mg tlie professors 
and teacliers, as an addition to tiieir fixed salaries. 

The room rent should l)e as low as would be compatiltle with keeping tiie 
rooms in ordinary repair. And there should be frequent and strict inspec- 
tions, that all extraordinary damage may be assessed on those who shall liave 
caused it. 

Each student should lie allowed to pui-cliase his wood wliere lie can get it 
clieapest. And in case of its being furnished by tiie College, he should be 
charged with only what he actually Inirns. Some students will burn as much 
again as others, and all will burn less, if burning less will make a difference 
in the cost. It seems only right that a man who wishes to economize should 
iiave the opportunity. 

It will not do to disregard college expenses and fall back on the shallow 
reasoning that " people will not appreciate properly what costs them nothing," 
when some of the best instruction in the country is furnished gratis, and an 
effort is making all over the land to have all schools free. 

Third. All artificial distinction of classes by name, from the Seminary 
to the Grammar School, should be abolished, and each student allowed to at- 
tend to just such branches as he or his parents wish, and to take along at the 
same time just as many studies as he is able to. There should be a rurricuJum 
of particular studies, through which, or their equivalent, each candidate for a 
degree, whether of Arts, or Science, or I'hilosopjiy, or Theology, sliould be 
required to pass before receiving his degree. 

It is well known tliat some students can make as great acquisitions in one 
year as others can in two; and it is equally well known that a majority of 
these gifted men waste their leisure time, or spend it in a wa.y that is worse 
than wasted, so that in the end of their course they turn out no better general 
scholars than their more plodding comrades. Each should have his time so 
occupied that he would have no leisure except for sleep, legitimate exercise, 
and other necessary duties. The curse of all literary institutions is idle 
students. 

The common dlijcctions to the course suggested are not unknown to me. 
I cannot take time t(j answer them now. In uiv mind tliev have but little 



182 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



weight. The most of them can be resolved into the danger of encouraging 
irregularity on the part of the student, and the increased labor and responsi- 
bility it would throw on teachers, in their sometimes having a larger number., 
of classes to hear, and in req[uiring of them to keep up a close personal 
knowledge of each student's employment and progress. 

I will suppose there are in the grammar School ten recitations, on an 
average, daily, of one hour each — in the QoWq^q fourteen^ and in the Semi- 
nary six — making thirty in all. Some few youths, pursuing the most elemen- 
tarjf branches, may rec[uire the constant supervision of a teacher in a school 
room. But in an institution where the dormitory system prevails, it is best 
that all should learn as soon as j)ossible to prepare themselves lor recitations, 
from higlier motives than the restraining eye of a teacher. 

If my supposition as to the number of daily recitations is correct, proba- 
bly one-third — say ten — are given to a single branch. Now, if the students 
were to be graded according to tlieir real abilities, probably all could be 
brought into six classes instead of ten. But if by this process the number of 
recitations could not be reduced, by working each live hours a day, six teach- 
ers, if well prejjared for their posts, could attend to all. 

And, if the hours of recitation were distributed through the day, so as to 
have as small a number as possible come at the same time, there would be no 
difficulty in a talented student attending one or two more than the ordinary 
number of recitations, or one deficient in a jjarticular branch could give atten- 
tion to that branch in two classes, or he could, for instance, begin the study 
of Greek wliile his attention should be mainly given to the study of Theology. 
It is no uncommon thing for a student, who has given attention to one of the 
ancient languages not more than six months, to join a class that has been 
reading the same for eighteen, and yet maintain a creditable standing-. 

Tlie advantage of confining attention to what a student actually knows, 
instead of to what he may be presumed to know from his previous time occu- 
pied, will be very great, and a more powerful stimulus to exertion than all the 
honors the College has at its disposal. Candidates for any particular degree 
can be so indicated in the catalogue without any class distinctions. And the 
absence of these will be found to very materially aid in preventing offenses 
and occasions for the exercise of discipliue. 

Diverging a little from the main object of these remarks, I would in this 
connection suggest that every candidate for a degree in Arts, who expects to 
enter the ministry, should become a "postulant" for orders as soon as he has 
mastered one-half of the curriculum required for the degree, that as soon as 
he graduates he may be ordained a Deacon. ' I would have him then ordained, 
not to take charge of a parish, but to give a practical bearing to all his subse- 
quent acquisitions, to enable him, in vacations, to act as evangelist, or render 



KENYON COLLEGE. 183 



material aid to any clerfiyman in wiiose parish he may liappen to be. Were 
sncii a scheme for early ordinations, which the present canons render possible, 
lo be ud()])te(l l>y the Bishop of the Diocese, it would give a pecnliar and dis- 
tinctive feature to the Institution, and would, in a short time, attract to it a 
great conii)any of living men, burning with zeal to preach the Gospel, Init 
now repressed by the thought that three long yenrs must pass belbre they can 
be (illicially allowed to oj^en their mouths ])ublicly in the cause of Christ. The 
rooms in Bexley Hall would no longer remain empty. And the tilling of 
tiiose would tend powerfully to till every other in (Jambier. 

The indiscriminate mingling of pious "postulants''' and zealous young 
Dcaciins with other students, which the abolition of class distinctions contem- 
plates, would furnish the severest and truest test of their sincerity and piety, 
;uid at the same time the most correct index of their subsequent usefulness. 

In conclusion, I have only to add, that however radical the suggestions 
iiKule ill this paper may appear, they can all be carried out by the simple 
agreement of the present teachers to put their shoulders to the wheel and act 
in accordance with them by the approval of the Board of Trustees, and l)y ail 
appointments hereafter being made with the clear understanding tiiat the In 
stitution is one, and that he must work where and when he is most needed. 

I do not flatter myself that my views will, at present, meet with general 
favor, but I throw them out in the hope they will excite thought, and be ulti- 
mately of some practical good to an Institution that always has a warm place 

in mv heart. 

N. BADOiER. 



Bisl^op (£I]asc 



Philander Chase was born near Cornish, New Hampshire, L)ecemi)er 14, 
A. D. 1775. He was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1795, and ordained 
Deacon in 1798. After a year's service as Missionary in Utica, Troy, Canan- 
daigua, and Auburn, New York, he took charge of the parish at Poughkeepsie. 
To eke out his support, " he had recourse to the com7non expedient of school 
keeping," at lirst in a private way, but afterwards in charge of the public 
academy. In 1805 he removed to New (Orleans, where he taught a successful 
school, and also ministered as rector of Christ Church. In isll he returned 
North, and became rector of Christ Church, Hartford, Conn. In 1817 he 
removed to Ohio; was consecrated Bishop in 1819; resigned the Episcopate 
of the Diocese in 1831; became Bishoj) of Illinois in 1835, and was for a time 
Presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. 
He died at Robin's Nest, September ^0, 1852. 



1S4 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



These are the meagre outlines of a life which was filled full of heroic 
labor for Christ and His Church. BishoxD Chase was a great man, and a good 
man, and stands out from the backgi'ound of the past with a unique and. 
commanding personality. In the words of the Rev. Ur. Bronson : "The 
versatility of his manners was such that he could adapt himself readily to 
any condition of society. Whether he were in the log cabin of Ohio, where 
the whole i'amily slept, ate, cooked, received guests and lodged them in the 
same apartment, or in the magnificent halls of Lord Kenyon, surrounded with 
the refinement of the old world, Bishop Chase was equally at home and 
capable of winning golden opinions. Add to this an energy that never 
flagged, a will that never succumbed, and a physical system that never tired, 
and we have such a character as is seldom produced, but which was precisely 
adapted to the great work that he accomplished. Bishop Chase was equally 
remarkable for industry and endurance. Daylight seldom found him in bed, 
and he seemed as fond of working or traveling in the rain as though water 
were his native element. He would preach at Perry (filteen miles from 
Gambler), and as soon as daylight peeped in the East on Monday morning 
take his bridle himself, go to the field, catch " Cincinnatus," mount, and be 
off to set his head men at work in Gambler. Bishop Chase began a work for 
the Church in Ohio, and in truth for the whole West, such as no other man 
then living would have attempted, or probably could have accomplished.'" 

Bishop Mcllvaine's testimony is also worthy of record : " The name of 
Bishop Chase can never be forgotten in Ohio, nor cease to be regai'ded with 
affection and respect so long as there remains among us a just appreciation 
of those many and vigorous attributes of personal character which so signally 
marked his whole official life. His monument among us is Kenyon College — 
with all the history around it, of the enterprise and sacrifices and toils and 
trials and difficulties with wliich its founder commenced and carried forward 
that institution. It will not be long before the last of liiose who were 
personal witnesses of what he did and overcame in that enterprise will have 
passed away — nor before the aspect of Ohio will have become so changed by 
progressive and rapid improvement that it will be very difficult for a new 
generation to form a just conception of Avhat Bishop Chase undertook when 
he set himself to the establishinent of Kenyon College in the locality selected, 
and what he accomplished so long as he remained in Ohio to carry forward 
that entei-prise. Difference of opinion as to the wisdom of some details of 
his plans is no detraction from his merited praise for great purity of motive, a 
single desire in all things to build up the Church of Christ, a large heart to 
devise, and a most unconquerable energy to execute scliemes for the glory 
of God, and the salvation of men." 



KENYON COLLEGE. 185 



KccoIIccttons of tiK €arhi T>a\\s at IDortl-jinaton 



BY REV. ERASTUS BIRK, D. 1). 



I. 

I'oRTSJIOrTII, O., August 'J, ISIM). 

My Dear Dr. Bodine — In cdnqiliance with your request I send you 
some "recollections" of Bislio]) Ciiase at Worthinjiton and of liie school 
which he established at that place. I mean now the school in I he villai;e 
of Worthington, and not that whi('h lie had on his iarni a lew years allerwards, 
and which was the beginning of Kenyon College. 

Bishop Chase came 1o Oiiio in Ihe spring of ISlT. After s])ending some 
weeks in the northern part of the State, he reached Worthinglou in June of 
that year, and soon after made np his mind to settle there. He was ciioscn 
Eector of St. John's Church of that place, and took charge also of the neigh- 
boring parishes of Delaware, Berkshire, and Columbus. Not long afler this 
he received from the Trustees of the Worthington Academy the aj)poinlui('ul 
of Principal thereof. A large Ijrick building — large for those times — had 
lieen erected some years previously for that institution. 

In this building, in the year 1S20, Bishop Chase established a sciiool ol' a 
high order, in which he engaged his son. Philander Chase. Jr., as priiici]ial 
teacher and manager. Many i)ui)ils came to this school fnnn abroad, the niosl 
ol' whom lived in the Bishop's family at his residence, about tiiree-fourf hs of 
a mile south of the village, where he had purchased a farm of a hundred and 
sixty acres, and erected a somewhat spacious dwelling. 

Mr. Chase, Jr., W'as ordained to the Diaconate by his father at Ihe 
Convention held in Worthington in 1S20. He was a graduate of Harvard 
College, with high honors. He had gone as Chaplain and teacher of mathe- 
matics on lioard the ship (luerriere with Commodore McDonough, first to 
St. Petersburg, and then to the Mediterranean, on a three years crinse. His 
reputation willi that of his father drew together quite a large number of 
])upils Irom dilferent parts of the Stale, and some from Kentucky, and 
perhaps other States. They were generally of the best families. I remember 
some of them. From Cincinnati there were two sons of the Hon. John C. 
Wright, viz.. Crafts J. and Ta]ipan, the latter of whom died young; tlie 
former became for a time editor of tiie Cincinnati Gazettv^ did good service as 



186 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Colonel in the late war, and died a lew years ago at Cliicago; a son of the 
celebrated Charles Hammond, Henry by name, who also died young. From 
Cincinnati also there was a son of Dr. Daniel Drake; he — Charley Drake — 
was among the youngest of the pupils. He was for a time Senator in 
Congress Irom Missouri, then Judge of the U. S. Court of Claims, and is still 
living in Washington, D. G. From Chillicothe came Allen McArthur, a son 
of Governor McArthur, Abraham Claypool, and Thomas and Nathaniel 
James, sons of Thomas James; they both died young. From Lexington, Ky., 
there were three boys of the name of Talbot. From Zanesville there were 

Caroline and Reeves. (A few girls were admitted.) From Steubenville 

were two sons of Bezaleel Wells, viz., Alexander and Bezaleel, Jr. From 
Newark came Ben. Brice, son of Dr. Brice. A few years since he was living 
and held the office of Paymaster General of the U. S. Army. All these and 
some others whom I cannot call to mind lived in the Bishop's family, and 
went thence daily to the xVcademy in the village. There were also students 
from Columbus, Delaware, Dayton, Circleville, and other places, as well as 
not a few from the immediate vicinity of Worthington. William Walker, a 
half breed AVyandotte was there from the Wyandotte reservation (now 
Wyandot County), a bright, intelligent fellow, who alterwards became a chief 
of his nation, and went with them on their removal to the Indian TerritorJ^ 
Last, but not least, was Salmon P. Chase, a nephew of the Bishop, who was 
sent by his widowed mother from Cornish, N. H., to be brought up and 
educated by his uncle. He was a good student and made good progress, 
notAvithstanding his time was much taken up with domestic occupations. He 
remained in the Bishop's family until he, the Bishop, went to England in 
1823, removing with him to Cincinnati, where he pursued his studies for a 
time in the Cincinnati College. I remember some incidents in wliich Salmon 
figured pretty largely, and in which he displayed certain ti-aits of character 
which came out conspicuously, in the course of his subsequent life. Among 
tliese was a strong determined will which impelled him to (n-erride, if 
possible, all obstacles that lay in his way. The title of "Ferry Boy," which 
his political friends gave him for effect, arose from the trilling circumstance 
that, when waiting at Cleveland for company on his Vfny to Worthington, 
strolling by the Cuyahoga River, he boldly oftered, in the absence of the usual 
ferryman, to take over some persons who were impatient to cross. 

Bishop Chase took a deep interest in the welfare of this school, and 
notwithstanding his long absences on long journeys over his diocese, he 
managed to give much of his time to the school, and greatly encoui-aged 
teachers and pupils bj' his wise and cheery words. When his son was obliged, 
on account of failing health, to give up his position as teacher, he was 
succeeded bv the late Dr. Ezra B. Kellogg, then a voung man recently 



KENYON COLLEGE. ]S7 



admitted to the ministry. He taus;ht witii great acceptance lor a lime, and 
his liealth failing also, he resigned and became the tirst reclor of S(. TaiiTs 
Church, Chillicothe. He was succeed Wy .Mr. ^\'illiam Sparmw . t lie laic Dr. 
Sparrow, who afterwards was so c()ns])icu()us and inllueulial in tlic all'airs of 
Kenyon I'ollege and the Seminary, and nol less so in tiiosc of I he .\Ic\andria 
Sennnary. Al tins time .Mr. Spari-nw h;id nol i-cacliod his twenty second year, 
and it was a matter of talk and wcnider with us boys how one so young could 
possibly be capal)le of teachiiiii and go\'ei'uing in an academy coniposed of 
pupils, many of whom were older than himseir. lint lie soon pi-o\-e(l hiniseir 
(|uite equal to the occasion. 

Bishop Chase was always an earnesi promoter of edncalion. He had 
hiins(df, in earlier life, been a distinguisiied teaclier. He d(dighle<l lo have 
young men about him, and to see them advancing in go((d knowle<lge. M'iien 
al home from his long EpiscoiJal journeys, lie mingled freely and even jo\ ially 
with his "dear boys," as he I'egardi'd tliem, then mend)ei-s of liis I'annly and 
guests at his table. He was woni to enlei'lain them with lani;liable bul always 
illustrative stories, and so absorbed would all become tiiat i\li-s. Chase had 
frequently to remind him that it was scdiool time for the boys. He has since 
been represented as too stern a discijilinarian, and even violent in his treat- 
ment of pupils. The present wrilei-, who, then and afterwards, saw much of 
inin, and under a great variety of circumstanct's and some severe provocali<ms, 
never witnessed anything of this kind, and cannot believe the represeidations 
true. 

When Bishop Chase had removed lo Cincinmdi in 1S22, there was no 
longer the attraction of the Bishop's family and ins immediate oxcrsiglil, 
whiidi had been a strong inducement to pareids to entrust their (diildri'ii to 
his care. Hi consequence there was a great falling oil' in the mnnber of 
students, especially those i'rom abroad, and. Mr. Sparrow leaving also with the 
Bishop, the school at Worlhington, so nourishing and useful for a time, 
declined and was given up. Of those who composed that school (he writer is 
nol aware that any are now living except lumself. his wife, the Hon. ('harles 
Drake, and General Brice. 

Perhaps you wonld like lo iiave some indications of wlial was Bishoj) 
("hase's personal appearance, manners, etc., at the time embraced in tlie 
foregoing recollections. I tirst saw him, not long after his consecration, iti I lie 
year 1819. He was then forty four yeai-s of age. He was of large stature, 
tall, of clear tlorid complexion, ral liei- full liabil bul well pi-<iporlione(l. His 
appearance was very sti'iking ami allraclive, A slranger passing him on the 
street would instinctively turn lo notice fui-llier his retreating figure. His 
manners were strikingly courleou< ami alfalile even lo his inferiors, in ])owers 
of conversation he excelled all j)ersous whom 1 ha\e I'ver known. In a large 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



company he unconsciously became the central figure on account of his lively 
and interesting talk. I have seen a large roomful of people attracted towards 
him, even when occupying some obscure corner, to catch his words, which 
were addressed immediatelj^ to only a few. These personal and rare traits of 
the Bishop indicated a high degree of cultivation as well as Christian 
character, and perhaps constituted an element of success among the cultivated 
and refined people of England to whom he made his plea for aid in his great 
and holy purpose of founding an institution for the preparation of men for 
the sacred ministry. 

I am, dear Doctor, with great esteem, Trul,y yours, 

ERASTUS BURR. 

II. 

I PoRTSMOUTir, Ohio, August 11, 1890. 

My Dear Dr. Bodine — In further compliance with your request for such 
recollections as I may have of the early days of Kenyon College — that is, of 
the period when it was in its incipient state at Worthington, I send you the 
following as being some of those which are most distinct in my mind. Please 
bear in mind that they are recoMections of events and incidents, and not, 
therefore, to be given in orderly narrative. 

Bishop Chase returned from England, wliitiier he had gone for aid to 
found his Seminary, in August, 1824. He reached Ohio with his family, whom 
he had left with Mrs. Chase's mother at Kingston, N. Y., about the 1st of Sep- 
tember, and took up his residence at his old home (on his i'arm near Worth- 
ington), intending to reside there until such time as the Seminary should be 
permanently located. On the 3d of November following, a Convention of the 
Diocese was held at'Chillicothe, and another, the regular Annual Convention, 
at Zanesville, in June, 1825, at the last of which the question of location was 
considered, but no determination was reached. In the mean time, i. e., in the 
spring of 1825, the Bishop signified his willingness to receive a few students 
to reside in his family, that there might be at once work for an expected 
teacher. A few soon came, and among the numljer was the present writer. 
He was, in fact, tlie first of those who remained until Ihe school was fairly 
under way. Indeed, for a time he was the only one — the first and sole 
student of Kenyon College! The Bi-shop directed our studies, and in a general 
way took note of our progress, but had little time for i-ecitations. 

His private affairs had been long neglected. He had no salary. His farm 
was his only source of income, and to this he felt obliged to give at least some 
attention. He could make no extended visitations of his -Diocese even if the 
condition of the roads had permitted, which, at that season of the year, it 



KENYON COLLEGE, 189 



st'ldoiii (lid. lie, liowever, himiIl' rrcc|iu'nl excursions round ;di(iiit in adjacent 
]>arts, and niinisfered widi nmcli re iiuiaritv to his I'ornier parishes, vi/., tliose 
oT ^\'(>rthington, Delaware, lieriisiiirc and ('oiunibns. 

He was also at this jieriod much o<'.-n])ied with liis correspondence, larpdy 
with lliat witli iiis Kni^lisii friends, and iariirly. also, with those nearer home 
on matters cfmnected with the i^reat work which he had in hand. 1 iiave a 
distinct recollection of beiuii' emj)loyed in copying letters for tlie ISishop, one 
hy one, as he wrote tiieni; some of which same letters I recognize in the two 
volumes of the Bishop's ''Reminiscences." I was employed by the liisliop in 
rei-civiii;^-. cataloguing, and putting up books donated by friends in l<]ngland. 
Several huiuli-ed \olumes were received about that time, and more during the 
following summer. They are now in the library of Bexley Hall. I also 
reinein1)er some instances of assist in;i- the l'>ishop in ouJ: of-door work, such as 
driving the team for him to plough his acre "potato patcii,'' in mending 
fences, hauling Hrewood from the neighboring i'orest, etc. Our recitations at 
that period wei'e not very regular, nor much prolonged; but 1 think we made 
some ])rogress — at least in lessons of industry and self-dependence. Some- 
time in ]\Iay of this year, Jlr. Sparrow came and took our studies in ciiarge — 
the same who had taught some years previously in the Worthington Academy. 
He came from JMiami Univei-sity, where he had been employed as tutor during 
the time that Bishop Chase had been away in England. Studies now began 
in good earnest. Mr. Sparrow ])roved to be a very exacting teaclier, and yet it 
was easier to prepare, and I felt iiappier in jireparing, for his recitations than 
for those of any other teacher. There was no let oil', no chance for siiirking, 
and the good hard work he exacted brought its reward. ^Iv. S. was not long 
the sole teaclier. Soon after, a Mr. ]\IcMillan was engaged as tutor, or gram- 
mar school instructor, and left Professor Sparrow with Latin, Greek, and 
Mathematics. Students were now coming in in considerable numbers. By 
the enil ol this year (1825), tiiere were twenty-liv(\ To accommodate so many 
the Bisliop erected several log buildings in the spacious grounds about his 
residence. Perhaps* it should be explained that this was situated some dis- 
tance, perhaps several hundred rods, from the main road. The farm, as else- 
where stated, consisted of 1(50 acres. It lay on'botli sides of the State road 
from Columbus to Sandusky and Cleveland. From Columbus it was eigiit 
miles. The dwelling was reached by a broad private lane, or, in modern 
phrase, avenue. It was scarcely visible from the I'oad on account of interven- 
ing trees. 

Tlie buildings erected were four in number, one for a dining-hall, about 
sixty Ijy twenty-iive feet, adjacent to the kitchen; another, somewhat larger, 
for a school-room, (jhapel, etc. Tlie other two were of smaller size, and were 
lor students' rooms. All these liuildiniis were of unhewed logs covered with 



190 liENYON COLLEGE. 



" clap-boards ", and these were held in place by logs laid across each course. 
A I'arm house some distance ofl" across a field was also brought into rec|uisition. 
It had been erected by Bishop Chase in 1817, and occupied by his family 
while his permanent dwelling was being built. It had two rooms below and 
one, a. half- story, above. The main room below was occupied by Mr. Sparrow. 
The other, which had been the kitchen, was occupied by my chum, Henrj^ 
Dickinson, and myself unlil the Indians came, when we had to give place to 
them, and were promoted to theroom above, which was already in possession 
ol' (wo others, viz., Edward Sparrow, a brother of our Professor S , and Elmer 
Hersey, of Newark, Ohio, who died at liome during the next vacation. At the 
first, when the students were few in number, say from ten to fifteen, we took 
our meals at the Bishop's table, Mrs. Chase presiding. The Bishop was much 
away, but when at home our mealtime was greatly enlivened by his amusing 
stories and narration of events which his varied experience furnished. After- 
wards, the long dining- hall, with two tables extending nearly its whole length, 
was requisite for the increased number of hungry boys. Mr. McMillan, our 
tutor, having a lamily, found accommodations at the house of one of the 
neighl)ors. 

The foregoing relates chiefly to tlie year 1825. I hope I shall be excused 
if I introduce here an extract from a diary which I was in the habit of keep- 
ing during those early years. It will indicate much in few words. 

"January 1, 1826. The year 1826 comes in on Sunday. It finds me study- 
ing at Kenyon College, which, for the present, is on the Bishop's farm near 
Wortliington. President, Rt. Rev. P. Chase; Professor of Languages, Rev. 
Williiim Sparrow; Tutor in the Grammar School, Mr. Gideon McMillan. The 
students at this time, including five Indian boys, are twenty-five in number — 

names as follows: T. J. Davis, G. W. Adams, Brainerd, William Ijams, 

Henry Dickinson, Hezekiah Wells, Edward Sparrow, Harvey Pinney, Wm. 

Shepard, Munro, Thompson, Walker, Wells, James Melich, 

Walter Ingraham, Edward I. Chase, Francis Upson, Booth, Blodget, 

Erastus Burr. The Indians are John Johnson, John Buckingham, Joseph 
Heron, John White, and John Heron. Boarding at if 1.25 per week. Tuition 
in the Grammar School, $10.00 per year; College, $20.00." 

The above is the only list (Catalogue?) of the students of the Institution 
while it was at Worthington, except it be a copy of this. During the winter 
of 1826-27, some members of the Legislature used to come up from Columbus 
on Sundays to Church — services, for the most part, in the log chapel. The 
institution had begun to attract a good deal of attention, and its prospects were 
vei-y flattering. At one time it was thought that it would find its location on 
Alum Creek, about twelve miles north, or a little east of north, of Columbus. 
Mrs. Betsey Reed, of Zanesville, had offered to give a tract of fine land of one 



KENYON COLLEGE. 191 



lliousnnd acres in that locality. Tlic Bishop liad the land snrveyed, and 
seemed much jileased will) it as a suitable seat IVn- the Institution, lie invited 
all the people from adjacent \illajivs and settlements tocome witii liieir teams 
and iielp clear oil' a heautilul slope of the g;rounds overlooking the river — 
Alnm Creek. 'I'liey came in large numliers, and soon made a clearing of eight 
or ten acres. People generally thought that there the College would have its 
seat. But before the Convention of IS'ifJ met, as it did at (Columbus in June 
(if I hat year, liiis (•xi)e<'fation had ])een superseded by the purchase (condi- 
ti(inal) of eight lluiusand acres in Knox County, and it became a foregone 
(■ ■lusiou Ihal tile Insl il iil ion siiouid go liiitiier. The following is the resolu- 
tion (o that elfect, unanimously adojik'd by the t'ouvention: 

''/i'cs-o/^vy/, That the Theological Seminary of the Diocese of ( )ind and 
Kenyon College be, and the same hereby is, forever established on such ]iart 
of Section 1, in Township 6, in Range 12, of the United States Military Land, 
as may be selected by the Ti'ustees of said Seminary and College." 

After this we saw little of the Bishop. He bent all his energies to pre- 
pare a place in the woods on ''(laml)ier Hill" in which his beloved Seminary 
might as soon as possil)le find a permanent home. When he did appear 
among ns, what glowing accounts he gave of the situation, and of (lie work 
which was going on under his strong hand! What mountains of dillicidly he 
I'ucountered and overcame 1 In less than two years from the lime when he 
cut down the lirsl tree on (he hill, he had erected a large massive stout' edilice 
one hunilre(l and ten by forty -four feet, and four stories high (this, however, 
was liul I he center of the whole design), and other buildings sufficient to give 
the Institution not uncomfortable accommodations at the end of that period, 
\ iz., the spring of 1828, when its removal from Worthington took place. 
What a work had thus been accomplished in less than five years, and this by 
the indomitable energy, as may be said, of one man, notwithstanding the most 
determined opposition. 

Bishop Chase went to England for aid late in the year IS2."). l!y the 
sjjring of 182S he had purchased and jiaid for eight thousand acres of land ol' 
the very liest quality; had erected many liuildings, some of them large and 
expensive, on grounds which until then were covered l)y a dense Ibrest. To 
elfect this, he was obliged to open quari-ies of stone, to build mills both for 
huuber and flour. He had gathered u])wards ol' seventy students willi liieir 
instructors, and had set in operation the machinery for working out the great 
results which from the first he had had in view. In other words, he had 
founded and put into successful operation a Theological Seminary and C'ollege 
of great promise of good to the Church and to the world. 



192 KENYON COLLEGE. 



I liave thus, mj' dear Doctor, given you some " recollections." and some 
incidents from my diary of the early life of the Institution in which you too 
have been a long and patient laborer. I have omitted many things that came 
into my mind as I wi-ote, deeming tliem perhaps not suitable for your purpose, 
or not worth the space their relation would occupy. One or two omissions, 
liowever, I must supply. While the College was yet at Worthington, that life- 
long and most useful servant of the Institution, the Rev. M. T. C. Wing, began 
his work in it. In the early part of the year 1827, he succeeded the Rev. Mr. 
McJIillan, who had resigned his tutorship and gone to take charge of the 
Oluirch in Piqua. Mr. Wing had classes in Latin, Algebra, History, and 
Rhetoric. During this year (1827), the elder students formed the Philomaths' 
sian Society, which, I believe, still exists. It was then carried on with great 
vigor and usefulness. 

I call to mind also that while the expectation that the lands on Alum 
Creek would furnish a site for the Institution was strong in people's 
minds, the Bishop held several religious services there — in the woods. They 
were a novel spectacle, and drew together an immense crowd of people from 
all around. The Bishop preached with great power, and some pronounced it a 
right good camp meeting! The late Rev. Dr. Kellogg was present, and 
assisted the Bishop very materially. • 

And now, to conclude, I must crave indulgence for a personal remark. 
When, in 1828, the Institution was about to be removed to Gambler, my 
parents tliought it best to send me to Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., that I 
miglit be near my sister, who was then about to go to a Female Seminary in 
that city. So I entered the Junior Class of that College, and was graduated 
in 1830, and thereby missed the honor of being a graduate of Kenyon. 
I remain, my dear Doctor, with high esteem, 

Truly yours, 

ERASTUS BURR. 




AT THE ENTRANXE OF THE COLLEGE PARK. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 193 



^Recollections of Scl^ool Days at Wovi\}mgion 



BY HON. SALMON P. CHASE, LL. D. 



From letters written to J. T. Trowbridge, Esq.] 

My uncle, at the time I went to him, was in tlie malurily ol' Iiis intel- 
lect iial and physical powers, lie was a i^real worlvcr. a lli(inin!.i]ily |iraclical 
man, always thinking of something to be done, and then doing it with all his 
might. There was not a particle of Ham or cant in his make up. Thoroughly 
religions, he always looked to God. His motto was, Jehovah Jireh — God will 
provide. But his faith in God only animated him to most strenuous personal 
hihor. It was not passive but active. If anything was to be done, he felt 
(hat he must do it; and that, if he put forth all his energy, he might safely 
and cheerfully leave the event to Divine Providence. 

Usually exceedingly kind and a delightful companion to young and old, 
he was often very harsh and severe, not because he liked to be, but because 
he was determined to have every thing just as he thought it ought to l)e. 

He was thoroughly imbued with a sense of the importance of his episco- 
])al office, and a thorough believer in the subordination of the orders to the 
Episcopate. Certainly, he lived to Govern; but he liked to govern for the 
good of others, not his own. 

He liked to overcome, too; great oltstacles stimulated but did not dis- 
courage him. 

Among us boys he was almost, and sometimes, indeed, quite tyrannical. 

But he was not disliked — much less hated — he was revered and feared, 
lie was not loved by the boys then — but, afterward, when they had left him, 
and looked back on the days they had spent under his charge, and saw him 
more as he really was, love mingled with thi^ir reverence, and became its 
equal in their hearts. 

()ne of the most noteworthy things I saw, during the time I was at 
Worthington, was the flight of vast flocks of pigeons and their roost. They 
might, if it were possible to count them, be numbered by hundreds of thou- 
sands. They came from the West and formed a roost southeast from our 
liiiuse, ill the forest between Alum ('reek and (lie ()lentangy — or, as i( was 
(lien called, the Whetstone. From this roost they departed westward each 
morning, and returned toward night-fall. Their flight was wonderful. They 
came toward their roost in vast bodies — sometimes sO vast that thev actuallv 



194 KENYON COLLEGE. 



darkened the sky and dimmed the light below like thick, black clouds. Some- 
limes a Hock, flying toward tlie forest, would sail too low, and, coming to its 
edge, would suddenly stop, turn and rise over the trees — the clapping of tlieir 
wings making a rattle like the noise of musketry — or more like that of sliarp, 
hut distant tininder. 

I was the only lioy from New England, and the other boys, whose ideas 
of a Yankee, derived from thoir parents and their friends, were, I Jear, not 
altogether just, were much inclined, for a lime, to twit me on being one. 
Every now and then they called me Yankee in tones not altogether respectful. 

At length, I could'nt bear it any longer, and said to Tom James, when, 
one day, he called me a Yankee : 

"Tom, if you call me a Yankee again, I'll kick you." 

"Well," said lie, "you're a Yankee." 

As good as my word, I kicked him, and made the kick just as severe 
and just as disagreeable as I could. He was older than I, and I expected 
a light. But, instead of attacking, he went after the Bishop, and complained. 
I was at once summoned into his presence. 

"Salmon," said tiie Bishop, very gravely and severely, "Tom James says 
you have been kicking him. Is it truer' 

" Yes, sir." 

" What did you kick him IbrT' 

" Because he called me a Yankee." 

"AVell," said the Bishop, "are you not a Yankee? Your father was, and 
I am, and we were never ashamed of the name." 

" Yes, sir," said I, "I don't just mind being called a Yankee, but I won't 
be called a Yankee so," with a pretty decided emphasis on the last word. 

The Bishop could not helji smiling, and dismissed me with a reprimand, 
which I did not mind much. I was not called a Yankee, so, al'ter that — and 
had no occasion to kick Tom James again. 

The school house was a square, brick building of two stories, on the 
west side of the town square. I remember little of what happened there. I 
must have been required to compose ; for I remember, on one occasion, that 
mj- cousin commended a composition in terms which I thought quite unmer- 
ited, and which took me entirely by surprise, but which, after all, made me 
feel quite proud. 

I must have been taught some Greek, also; for my exercise in an exhi- 
bition occasion — probably at the Convention of 1S21 — was an original Greek 
oration. How I puzzled over it : what trouble I iiad to turn my English thought 
into Greek forms ! The grammar and the lexicon and the Greek Testament 
were in great requisition. The subject was Paul and John compared — at any 



KENYON COLLEGE. ]95 



i-alf, I'miiI \v;is ;i ininiipiil liLLurc, tlioiij^li my iiK'iiiory may be at fault as to 
.IdIiii. 'I'Iic siiIiji-cI IicI|ic(I. lor it mIIhwciI iric lo l;ikc sentences IVoin (lie Tes 
liunciil. .-inil <o aliriiluc my l:il)(»r. Al Icn^lli llic piece \v;is linislieil — llie 
plalfuiiii in llie norlli cmh! oC t lie school room creeled — the Ijoys snmiiioned, 
one liv one. iVoni a iillie room on tlie east side of it, which served the jjnrjxjse 
of vestry room, wiieii, on >Siindays, tlie school njom was used for the Clinrch 
services. My turn came to front the terrors of an audience. I walked out on 
llie slaire: my knees shook ; my eyes were dim ; lail memory served me lailli 
liilly, and I went throujili. The Bishop was inoiid ni' liis (ireek orator, and, I 
dare say, thouj^h I have small ivniemliranci' ot my own feelinjrs. I llioii;rlil 
myself f|uile a lion. 

I was not always indii>lrioiis. 1 likeij to reaci slorie^. and would some- 
times have some interesting hook of nairalise. real or liclilioii-^. heloi-e me 
when I should have had my lesson-liook. And om-e 1 icmemlier \nni\fj; mean 
enough to hide my story-book and substitute my lesson-book, as my cousin- 
pi-ecept(jr came b\' and looked inquisitively into my desk. Whether he 
detected me or not, I caniiol tell. He made no remark. 

So went the days in school. Out of School I diil chores; took ^rain to 
I he mill and Itrought back meal and Hour: milked the cows: drove them to 
and Iroin ])astiire; took wool to tiie carding factory over (iU tiie Scioto, an 
imjiorlaiil journey lo me: iiiiill tires and l)rought in wood in the wintertime; 
helped gather sugar water and make sugar when winter first turned to spring; 
helped plant and sow in the later spring. In most of wliatcver a boy could 
do on a farm I did a little. 

Sometimes I was sent to ('()liimliMs, nine miles south, on horseback, to 
make small purchases. I remember yel llie firm of (Joodale iV Hut ties — 
which the boys travestied as good ale in bottles — where, one morning, I 
br)ught some sickles or scythes and other matters, having risen long before 
day, mounted old sorrel, and ridden to Columbus, determined to be liack 
before breakfast, which I accomplished. 

(Jne ludicrous incident of the chore kiml impressed itself strongly on my 
memory. The Bishop and most of the elder meml)ers of the family went 
away one morning — he having (u-dered me lo kill and dress a i)ig while they 
were gone, to serve for dinner that day or iiexl. I hail no great trouble in 
catching and slaughtering a fal yoiini: poi-ker. .\iid 1 had llie liil> of hoi 
water al! ready for plun^ring him in. ni-eparaliir\' to taking oil' liis luislh-. 
rnfortunately, however, the water wa~ loo hoi. or. olhei-wise. in wron- condi 
lion: or, perhaps, when I soused the pig into it, I kepi him in lo(j long. At 
any rale, when I undertook to take otf the bristles, expecting they would 
almost come off of themselves, to mv dismay, I could not start one of them. 



196 KENYON COLLEGE. 



The bristles were set, in pig-killing phrase. I picked and pulled in vain. 
What should I do? The pig must be dressed. In that there must be no 
failure. I betliought me of my cousin's razors, a nice new pair, just suited to 
a spruce young clergymjin as he was. No sooner imagined than done. I got 
the razors and shaved the pig I'rom toe to snout. 

I think the shaving of the pig was a success. The razors were 'some- 
what damaged in the operation ; but they were carefully wiped and restored 
to their place. My impression is, that, on the whole, liowever, the pig killing 
was not satisfactory to my good uncle, and that my good cousin found his 
razors not exactly fit for use the next morning. It was, on the whole, a funny 
rather than a useful operation. I succeeded, however, ibr it showed that 
where there is a will there is a way, and that there are more ways than one of 
doing a thing. 

I was not a contumacious youth, certainly, but I did sometimes feel a 
little rebellious when I thought harshness went to the point of oppression. At 
one period, for a while, nothing that I did seemed to please my uncle. I tried 
my best to satisfy, but without 'a-fail. At length I said to myself, " Tiiere 
is no use in trying. I won't try. I'll do just what I think right, and let him 
like or dislike it." I went on this way two or three weeks, when, one day, the 
Bishop surprised me with : 

" Salmon, you have been a very good boy, lately." 

My memories of Worthington, on the whole, are not pleasant. There 
were some pleasant rambles, some pleasant incidents, some pleasant asso- 
ciates, but the disagreeable largely predominated. 



locating tt^e Site of ^cnyon dollegc 



Editors of the Kenyan Collegian: 

Gentlemen r In your April number, under the head "Right Rev. 
Philander Chase, D. D.," is an articje continuing a memoir of that worthy 
divine, in which allusion is made to some circumstances attending the first 
selection of the site of Kenyon College. Although the matter is of small 
importance, yet whatever is deemed worthy to be narrated in history, is like- 
wise worthy to be accurately stated ; and, as some errors have been inadvert- 
ently admitted by the writer into the article referred to, and myself being 
one of the party named which accompanied Bishop Chase on the occasion 
referred to, I will take the liberty to give j^ou briefly a true statement of the 
circumstances attending the excursion. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 19Y 



It \v:is on a bright summer morning (July 22, 1825), that a parly of 
gentlemen started from Mount Vernon with Bishop Chase, for the purpose of 
exploring the country eastward of, and adjacent to this city — then a village 
of about fifteen hundred inhabitants — with the view to the selection of a 
suitable site, for the Theological Seminary and Kanyon College. Tlie party, 
beside Bishop Chase, consisted of Daniel S. Norton. Esq., and the under- 
signed, of Mount Vernon, John Trimble and James Rawden, of Perry Town- 
ship and Parish, in Coshocton County, and George Melick, of Jackson Town- 
ship, Knox County. We were all on horseback. I was the youngest of the 
party, and had no previous acquaintance with the Bishop, except having met 
liiiii a lew weeks previously at "Cully's" in Newark, and having attended tiie 
preceding evening on occasion of his preaching at the old Presbyterian Church 
in this place — the first time, I believe, the Episcopal service had ever been 
]K'rformed here. 

It was known that Mr. William Hogg, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, 
owned a tract of 8,000 acres of land — two military sections of 4,000 acres 
each — lying a few miles east of liere, which, from the varied character of its 
surface, and beauty of its streams and valleys, it was suggested might otier a 
suitable location for the proposed Seminary and College. And the attractive 
rolling character and beautiful scenery of other tracts of land, lying in that 
part of our County, also encouraged us to believe that we should be able to 
present to the Bishop a site more desirable and pleasing than any that had 
l)een l)efore proposed. 

We went out on what is here called the Cosliocton lioad, and struck the 
land of Mr. Hogg, on the west boundary of what has since been called the 
" North Section." at the distance of about four miles. We proceeded througli 
the section, noticing many pleasant leatures. The lirst place that attracted 
marked attention, as probably suited for the object of our exploration, was 
the high elevation a little to the south of the road, and immediately west of 
what is now the farm and residence of Henry Errett, Esq. We examined this 
j)oint with a good deal of interest and satisfaction. A small stream 
C' Schenck's Creek") was winding its way through a lovely valley which lay 
immediately east of the hill, widening as it extended southward, and present- 
ing some beautiful views, but rather limited in extent and distance. The 
Bishop, as indeed all the party, was pleased, with this spot, but reserving our 
judgments to further observations and discoveries, we proceeded into the val- 
ley, and through the entire "Section." Thence through lands of the "Bath- 
bone" and "Campbell" Sections, down the valley of the "Schenck's Creek," 
to the junction of that stream with "Owl Creek" — to which Bishop Chase 
in his subsequent maps of the College lands, gave the more euphonious name 



198 ICENYON COLLEGE. 



of " Tlie Vernon River" — and thence turning again westward, and proceed- 
ing up that river, and generally near its margin, we again entered the lands oi' 
William Hogg, at the eastern boundary of the "South Section." 

On this "Section" there were several cabins, and a number of small farms 
opened. The road lay across the beautiful valley, (that now spreads out like 
a great garden, immediatel.y east of Gambler,) and, again striking the river, 
followed its margin in a pretty straight line, until interrupted by the abrupt 
descent of what is now the "College Hill," whence winding around the base, 
it followed the course of the stream, pretty near the present road line, into 
and across the large "bottoms" and beautiful valley that lies on the west side 
of "the Hill." 

1 iiad once, on a previous occasion, crossed over this hill, a promontory, 
and was the onh' one of the party who professed any knowledge of the charac- 
ter of the plain that lay on the top of its elevation ; and it was with reference 
to this spot that I had desired the party to return by this route. Arriving, 
therefore, at the base of "the hill," on its south side, I called the attention of 
the Bishop and the others of the party, to the elevation on our right, and its 
beautiful surroundings. The curve of the base, the acclivity of the hill, and 
the graceful bend of the river, with the wide opening of the valley east and 
west, were attractions too striking to need explanation. But it was suggested 
by Mr. Norton that there was not room enough on the crown of the hill lor 
the accommodation of the necessary buildings and grounds of the contem- 
plated Institution. To this I replied that I had once crossed the hill, and that 
there was a level plain on the top, of wider extent than was supposed. 

Bishop Chase answered by saying, "Come, Mr. C., I will go with you u\) 
to the top of this hill, and we will see how it looks." The other gentlemen of 
the party, not having ranch apparent faith in the fruits of our difficult ascent, 
dismount-ed from their horses, and disposed themselves for rest in the shade 
at the road side. And the Bishop and myself j^roceeded alone to mount the 
hill. The side was thickly set with an undergrowth of oak bushes, frequently 
interlaced witlr rambling grape -\'ines. We struggled through these tangles on 
our horses until about half way up the hill, when the Bishop, becoming dis- 
couraged with that mode of proceeding, proposed that we should take it 
a fool. We dismounted and hitched our horses, and then ])roceeded as well as 
we could until we emerged on the top of the hill, on the very spot where the 
old College building now stands. 

The heavy timber that had once covered the crown of the hill, had prin- 
cipally, many years betbre, been prostrated by a storm, or otherwise destroyed, 
so that, excepting a more stunted growth of brush than that we had just come 
through, the plain on the top was comparatively open and free from obstruc- 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 199 

tidii III llif view. I'assiiii;- a lilllc iiort li\\ ard. llic whole |)aiiiiraiiia of llie 
licautirul valleys thai lay al our feet, Ihe niKJiiIal inu, line ami \ ary iiiij siirlace 
of llie distant liills, eastward, soul hwanl, and westward, with Ihe windinjis of 
the river, all were brouglit into view, and jiresented a scene and landseape of 
misurpassed loveliness and heaiily. It cerlaiidy so ai)i)eared to nie tlien, and 
so it st'eniod to strike our sjood Hislio]), Standinfi n])t)n the trunk of an idd 
fallen oak, and permitting; his eye to ])ass round the horizon and lake in the 
whole prospect, he expressed Ids (hdiiiiit and satisfaction in the lirief lint siji- 
nilicanl exclamation: "Well, this will do 1 '" lie then pointed out Ihe varied 
lienulies of the spot, its extensive views, and Ihe adviuita^cs thai would lie 
(ilitained by openiui;- some parts of the contiiL^uous forest — ini]irovin.i;- Ihe 
|U'ospecl in certain directions. 

We then returned to \h(^ fool of the lull, and found our companions amus- 
ing and resting themselves where we had left them. The Hisho]i expressed 
himself to them in strong terms of satisfaction and ilelighl in res|)ect to the 
si)ot he had just examined. 

We all returned to Mt. N'ernon together. 'I'he Bishop came with me to 
my house to tea; and, from the circumstances of my wife being a neai- relative 
of Mr. Hogg — the owner of the land where the site had been selected — Ihe 
conversation turned very much upon Ihe hope of making that the permanent 
location, and the ]irobability ol' obtaining the land at a prict' within tlu' means 
of Ihe young Institution and its then limited endowment. When he left my 
house. Bishop Chase expresst'd to me his intention to visit Mr. Hogg at an 
early day, with a view of securing a conlract for the purchase of the land. 
And he took with him a letter from nu' to that gentlemen (with whom 1 was 
on the most kind and friendly rehitions) strongly i-ecommending the objects 
of the Bishop's proposed visit. 

\\'hen 1 next saw Hishop ( 'base, which 1 think was sotnet inu' during the 
following winter, he had made a provisional contract lor tin- purchase of the 
whole S, 000 acres at three dollar.s ])er ai're; a price considered very low, as Ihe 
land coultl readily have been sold al a higher rate. Mr. Hogg subse([uently, 
on the solicitation of Bishop ('base, and in view of Ihe noble objects ol' the 
pui-chase, niunilicenlly rebated ,s/./' tlioKsdml dtilhii-ft from the original conlract 
pi'ice. 

Al the annual convention of 18:2(), stei)s were adopted by which Ihe pur 
chase from Mr. Hogg was conlirmed, and Ihe jiernument site of Kenyon ( 'ol 
lege and its other institutions was established in their j)resent location, and 
upon Ihe identical spot to wliich I conilucte(l Ihe I^ishoj) on the occasion abo\t> 
referred to, and from wliich his miml had never wavered from the linu' he 
lirst stood upon the ground. 



200 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



Now, after the lapse of a quarter of a century, every year of which has 
but added new evidence of the sagacity, sound judgment, and good taste of 
Bisliop Chase in the location which he made; and the wisdom of the Conven- 
tion and its committee that confirmed that decision ; it is pleasant to recur to 
these reminiscences of the infancy of the Institution, when, indeed, it had 
neither a local habitation nor a name ; and to contrast its condition in the days 
of its obscurity and feebleness with its present proud position. Old Kenyon, 
as the boys love to call her, has indeed won her way upward, gloriously and 
successfully. The clouds that have sometimes hung upon her horizon have 
passed away, and she stands this day a peeress among the noble institutions 
of learning in our countiy — an honor to the Diocese — and a monument of 
the wisdom, and to the fame, of the noble tbunder. 

Mt. Vernon, 0., April 18, 1859. HENRY B. CURTIS. 



^ow tl^e Bist^op Built 1715 dollcge in tl]c IDoobs 



BY JOHN JAMES PIATT. 



Gray's " Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College '' has not the 
universal sentiment of the "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard," but 
it expresses as no other poem, I believe, has ever yet expressed so well, the 
feeling one has in revisiting the scenes of school-boy experience, after long 
absence and the world have intervened — when he finds himself, a boy's 
ghost, in the midst of posterity. And when, approaching Gambler, upon the 
Mount Vernon road (Gambler is five miles eastward from Mount Vernon), 
the dusky steeple of Kenyon College was seen far oH' among the tree-tops, I 
Ibund myself repeating almost unconsciously — deposing meanwhile the long 
departed "Henry" (Henry the Sixth was the founder of Eton) in the Iburth 
line, and substituting the possessive of Bishop Chase — the first verses of that 

poem : 

"Ye distant spires, ye antique towers, 

That crown the watery glade, 

Where grateful Science still adores 

Her Chase's holy shade." • 

In June, 1826, Bishop Chase started with his little army of occupation for 
the chosen spot, which he named Gambler Hill, after his first powerful and 
steadfast English friend. " His hired man and his little son, Dudley, were the 
onljr persons who accompanied him from Worthington to the promised land 



KEN YON COLLEGE. ^01 



oil tills lonely journey," tlie heroic liisliop writes, ;i<l(liii^: ••Ami iiiiist it 
be <';ille(l lonely i' Nay, he I'elt it otherwise, lie e\[)erieiiceil a roiisciousiiess 
of IJiviiie aid in conimencini; (his j;reat work, which coiiviined him he was 
not alone. God was with him, and, Ihouuii like Jacob, he shdiild have iiothiiiii; 
but tlie ground to rest on, and a stone lor a jiillow, he Irnslcd that (iod's 
presence would l)e his support." (iamhier Hill, upon which Kisliop Chase 
fi.xed the location of the College buildings, is a level ridge running north and 
south, elevated about one hundred and lilty feet above the Kokosing, w liicli 
Hows from a pretty valley on the eastern side around its southern base, and, 
after making a sort of gigantic oxdjow in the wide lowlands to the southeast, 
disappears iar away to the northeast. From its top a variety of as charming 
landscape is visible as jierhaps any onllook in the vState all'ords. The va-lley 
of the Kokosing eastward is the jiiclure of •'a smiling land;" westward are 
the suggestions of an unconquered wilderness. Oaks predoniinate in the 
surrounding forest — how gorgeous I remember them in far back autumnal 
seasons! Here is the picture, drawn by Hishop Chase, of (ianibier Hill, at 
his first occupation: "The whole surface of the hill was then a windfall, 
being a great part of it covered with fallen and upturned trees, between and 
over which had come up a second growth of thick trees and bushes. It, was 
on such a jjlace as this (proverbially impervious even to the hunters after 
wolves, which made it their covert) that the writer pitched his tent, if such 
it might be called. On the south end or promontory of this hill (near to 
which, below, ran the road used by the lirst settlers), grew some tall oak 
trees, which evidently had escaped the hui-ricane in days of yore. Under the 
shelter of these some boards in a light wagon werc» taken nearly to the top 
of the hill; there they were dropjjed, and it v.-as with these the wrilcr"s house 
was liuilt after the Inaish was with great dilliculty cleared away. Two crolched 
sticks were driven into the ground, and on them a transverse pole was place<l, 
and on the pole was placed the brush, inclining to the ground each way. The 
ends or gable to tliis room, or roof-shelter, were but slightly closed by some 
clapl)oards rived on the spot from a fallen oak tree. The l)e<ls to sleep on 
were thrown on bundles of straw, kept up from the damp ground by a kind 
of temporary platform resting on stakes driven deeply into tlie earth. This 
was the first habitation on Gambier Hill, and it stood nearly on the site where 
now rises the noble edifice of Kenyon College." 

Such an " opening " as this would not surprise ns if made liy an ailven- 
tnroiis pioneer, with the oliject of building a rude linnie in the backwoods, 
lint it appears in a difl'erent light when looked upon as the wdik of a learned 
Kjiiscopal Bishop — who, a year bel'ore. had been entertained by lords and 
ladies of the English aristocracy, and treated with respect and reverence by 



202 KENYON COLLEGE. 



high dignitaries of the Church of England — preparatory to founding an 
institution which he fondly hoped would in time be a great center of light 
and culture. What a task work had this one man set before himself, and how 
strenuously he wrought to accomplish his purpose ! " It is said," Bishop 
Chase writes in allusion to this seemingly "iorlorn advance," "by those not 
intimately acquainted with the facts and the nature of things, that the writer 
might have avoided the difficulties and exposures here described by residing 
in the nearest village, or even by taking shelter, for a time, in the little log 
cabins already erected on the premises, from one to two miles oft". Alas ! if 
such had been his course, no beginning would have been made to the great 
woi-k. He wanted money to pay a resolute person to go forward in a work 
like this, if such could be found; he wanted money to pay for his own board 
in a village four miles oft'; he wanted money to hire even his common hands 
and teams — those he used here being the hands and wagons usually employed 
on his own farm at Worthington. Now, if ever there was a necessity for 
saying come, and not go, to work, that necessity existed here, the donations 
hitherto collected being all pledged for the lands. The word was said, and, 
under Providence, to this he owes his final success." 

The first thing done was to dig a well; and this reminds me that Bishop 
Chase began his great undertaking with a temperance reform. He stipulated 
that no liquor should be used by the men employed in his building. He 
feared it might compromise in some way the future College. This caused him 
some trouble. There was, soon after the beginning, what may be called an 
incipient whiskey rebellion among his hired hands. Thej^ at length sent him 
a petition asking liim for a glass three times a day, saying, at the close: 
" We think the expense Avill be repaid to the institution tenfold." . The 
Bishop appointed a meeting with them, took his seat, embarrassed, upon a 
piece of elevated timber, told them quietly the stor.y of his life and struggles, 
moved many of them to tears, and all went to work on the original temper- 
ance platform. 

In a letter; to. his wife, written soon after his arrival on the ground, he 
says: " If you ask how I get along without money, 1 answer, the Lord 
keepeth me. AVhat do you think of His mercy in sending good Mr. Davis 
with half a cheese from his mother, and twenty-five dollars i'rom his fatiier, 
presented to me out of pure regard to the great and good work whicJi God 
enables me to carry on? Mr. Norton has sent me three hands for a short 
time. James Meleck came one day, and old Mr. Elliott another. We have 
built us a tent cabin, and if we had any one to coolv for us we should live. 
It is impossible to make the hands board themselves. We must find them 
provisions ourselves, or have none to help us. If we can get the poor neigh- 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 203 



hors to cook a little I'or us wc do WfU. .Imly Holmes Ikis iieeii liei-e foi- 1 liree 
(hiys. Mild is HOW engaged in siii-\t'yinii llie imrlli ^cclioii. Tlii' streets and 
i-oads in this, the south section, lia\e ]>vv\\ laid ont. as far as can lie, till we 
liiid water. If tliis cannot Ije ohtiiined liei-e we sjiail ni(i\c to some other 
((uarter. Pray send nie, by Rel)ecr;i. two moi-e heils and lieildinL^ siniiLn- to 
those I brought with me. I wi-Jle yon this by a poor, dim liog"s lai-d lani]i, 
wiiicli, shining askance on my jiaper. will hai'diy jDennil me to say how 
failld'nlly I am your ailed ionale husiiand." 

Bisliop Chase spent the ibllowiiig Tall and winter in the Eastern States, 
soliciting Curther assistance toward the completion of the work begun Ijy him, 
issuing there a "Plea on Behalf oi' Religion and Learning in Ohio," from 
which season of effort about $ IS,000 were realized. In June, bS27, the corner 
stone of Kenyon College was laid, and the neighborhood grew Inisy with the 
various workmen. In August of that year the Bishop wrote to his wife as 
follows: " The great work progresses slowly but surely. The basement story 
is now completed. The tall scatlbld-poles now rear their heads all around the 
building. The joist timbers are now taking their places, and the frames of 
the partition walls below are putting together. The masons are pressing the 
carpenters, the carpenters the teamsters, and the teamsters the hewers. Tlie 
whip-sawyers are not able to keep uj) with the demand in their line. The 
iilacksmiths, two in numlier, are driven very hard to keep sharp the hammers 
and picks, repair the chains, mend wagons, and make new irons for them, nml 
shoes for twenty-eight cattle in the teams. Our log house, additional lo that 
you saw, will receive its roof to-morrow, and, in the beginning of the week, 
I trust, will be occupied as a dining-room The stone gothic building, for a 
Professor's house, must soon be ])lastei-eil. I at) to .Mount \'(>rnon to-morrow 
for a thousand things, and will put this in the post-ollice for you. We have 
now nearly sixty hands, all busy and failldully at work; an account of each is 
taken every night." During all this week-<la.\-. labor, the liishop tells us, he 
was never unmindful of his sacred calling as a clergyman, ofHciating at 
(iambier, at IMount Vernon, or elsewhere in tin- neighborhood. \'isiling 
Worthington in October, and finding his wife ill with lyi)h()i(l fevei-, he feels the 
necessity of leaving her (her convalescence, however, had begun), asking her. 
the next evening afterward, in a letter: "Was this, my desertion of you, 
liom my own inclination? No! Nothing but the great duty of overseeing 
what (Jod hath so miraculously put into my hands coidd have persuaded nu' 
to do this. Even as it is, I feel a ])aug which 1 cannot des<Tibe to you. !\Iy 
eyi's till with tears when I thiidi how I lelt you in sickness. Put (Jod's will 
be done! Mv exile here is the result of this submission." 



204 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Soon after he sees the good policy of building a saw mill — whip-sawyers 
were not sufficient, and the only saw-miller in the vicinity demanded exorbi- 
tant prices lor lumber. The workmen approve, and the work is begun at 
once, all hands assisting. A dam is nearly completed, a long mill-race across 
a neck of low land (where a bend of the stream has formed the ox-bow 
'already mentioned) is commenced. The news of this extravagant under- 
taking travels through tlie diocese, and the Bishop's plans are pronounced 
rash and visionary. The digging of tlie race is begun — the tail-race, indeed, 
is almost finished ; but the earth scrapers progress slowly. Meanwhile the 
first story above the basement of the main College building is erected, on one 
side,- as far as the windows. But how about the mill-race? The equinoctial 
storm is due and dreaded. It arrives. The rains fell aijd the floods came. 
The Kokosing rose to an unusual heigiit, and, somewhat aggravated by the 
dam, overflowed the lowlands. As Noah from the Ark, the anxious Bishop 
looked down from Gambler Hill. He felt that all was lost. The dam could 
not be seen. The sky, however, cleared ; the waters subsided ; the dam was 
still there, and the head race was there — a channel of running water already 
— a special gift of Providence, that saved a large expense of money and 
labor. " This mark of Providential goodness," writes the Bishop, " was of 
signal service in building Kenyon College." 

This miracle of the mill-race won over to the Bishop's side, it seems, the 
skeptical driver of the local stage coach, who was hitherto of the opposition, 
sneering and jesting at the mad college builder. One day, shortly afterward, 
it is related, his carriage being full and the driver being seated, by its 
construction, in juxtaposition with the passengers, a conversation was begun, 
in which the plan of Kenyon College was condemned and ridiculed, and its 
failure predicted. This was aihrmed as the opinion of all in the coach, and 
then asserted to be that of all people throughout the country. " The Bishop 
has no friends," they said; "his plan is hopeless." "You are a little too 
fast," said the driver; " a little too fast, gentlemen, in what you say. " Bishop 
Chase has one/riend." "And who is he?" was the common question. " It is 
one," the driver said, " whom if you knew you would not despise ; and 
knowing his favor to the Bishop, you would no longer speak thus." "And 
who is he ? Who can this friend be ? " was the reiterated question. " Gentle- 
men, said the driver, solemnly, " God is Bishop Chase's friend, and my proof 
is the fact that He caused the late equinoctial rain storm to dig his mill-race 
for him, thas saving him the expense of many hundred dollars." 

It is hardly worth while to continue in detail this story of a heroic per- 
sistence ; whatever the results of the College itself have been or may be, 
Kenyon College was built; the central building was completed with the 



KEN YON COLLEGE 205 



Bisliop's own supervision; Rosse ('Iimjh'I was liegun ; tlie Collejie, having 
IjtH'ii removed from WortiiiiiKtoii (wiiere it had been carried on meanwliile 
upon the Bishop's farm ), in IS2S, \\ as recognized as a living Cacl — and Jiisiiop 
('iiase was the one man, under (Jod, wlio, against many and great obstacles, 
had made it such. His struggle in its behalf was a tight with the Dragon, 
and li(\ a true Kniglit of tlie lied ('ross, came olf conqueror. 

l>ut, if 1 am rightly infornicd, IJishoj) Chase was l)elt('r liltcMl to build 
tlian to govern. No man could have dune the task work he had acconiplisiicd 
without something more than scllish devotion. There may have been a 
ground work of personal audiition undernealli his purpose, but it must still 
have bi'cu a noble one, and breathed (he true air ol religi(ui. iSoon after tiie 
removal of the (_'<dlege to (fandiier, divisions began to show themselves 
between the Bishop, who was e.tojficio President of the institution, and tiie 
Faculty. Bitter feelings grew up between him and some of the Professors. 
Perhaps the Bishop, who did not always think it necessary to attend the 
I'acully meetings, was too free to ignore its judgments and decisions, and 
makt' College law a matter of his own personal discretion. His disposition 
was uot^ other things considered, an unfortunate one in planning and buildimr 
the uuiterial structure, but seemed doul)tfully fitted to conduct the moral and 
spiritual institution. I have I'ead some of the various documents printed 
regarding this matter, and am in(dined to thiidc BishojJ Chase was in error. 
He was arbitrary, impetuous, fierce, and unjust, at times. The disagreements 
at length led to his resignation. The resignation was accepted — perhaps 
contrary to the e.xpectation of the Bishop; for it is reported that, on the day 
Icillowing, he shook the dust of Kenyon from his feet, mounted his horse, rode 
hastily away, and betook himself to the place of a relative in Holmes County, 
called by him "the Valley of Peace," leaving his family to pack up and 
follow him at their leisure. He never returned. After having settled for a 
while in Michigan, he went to Hlinois, where, at a ])lace called by him "Tiie 
Robin's Nest," he founded a new institution known as Jubilee College. A 
gentleman described "The Robin's Xest '" to me as a row of three or four 
little log houses, terminated by a still smaller frame building. This was the 
characteristic beginning of Jubilee College, of which otherwi.se I know 
nothing. Indeed, Bishop Chase's career does not intei-est me particidarly, 
except as the founder of Kenyon College, which, I trust, shall yet prove more 
greatly deserving of his faith and w'orks. He had earned the gratitude of his 
Church in Ohio by his efforts in its behalf; and, perhaps, there was hardly so 
much tenderness shown to his temperament as he had earned by his long 
sulfering heroic endurance and persistent energy. Yet, though in eil'ect 
banished from the place for which he wrought and fought so long, Kenyon 
College is, to-day, with every stone in its building, his monument and witness. 



206 KENYON COLLEGE. 



^Reminiscences of ^enyon doUege 

Boston, August 31, 187-i. 

To tJie Editor of the Gaiiibler Weekly Argus: 

In 1830 I first went to Kenj^on College. The venerable Bishop Chase was 
then in the zenith of his power and prosperity. He had returned from 
England, flushed with the spoils of his peaceful victory, and, it was said by the 
envious crowd, strengthened in his lordly sympathies by association with the 
English aristocracy. He had purchased that splendid tract of. land, erected 
the main building of the College, digging the stones from his own hills and 
laying the foundations broad and deep. He had brought home from Europe 
the nucleus of a splendid library, embracing many rare and choice books. He 
had gathered an able and efficient corps of Professors, and here, in the very 
midst of the woods, surrounded by the primeval forest, the embiyo of a 
splendid educational establishment had sprung into existence as if by magic. 
The Bishop then lived in the College, and the students lived there too, in 
commons. * =^ * * * * * * * * * * * 

We slept in thi-ee-story J'rame bunks, three in a bunk, one above another, 
with "wooden sacking'" and loose straw mattresses, and we always had plenty 
of " company." It was inevitable. We took care of our own rooms, made 
our own beds, and most of us, it must be acknowledged, proved most unskill- 
ful chamber maids. Some of the moi-e susceptible of the boys were so eaten 
up by the affectionate attentions of their rather unwelcome comjianions that 
their skins were black and blue. * * ■ * * * * * * * 

There- was ..a very large old shell of a frame building a short distance from 
the north-east corner of the College, which was used in winter for a wood shed 
below and a hay loft above. In summer we played alley-ball against it. 
Inside this shed the ground Avas covered, several inches deep, with chips and 
straw, which served as a breeding place for millions of fleas. When the ball 
was driven through an opening, as was sometimes the case, into the building, 
the boy who went in after it usually pulled up his pants and bared his legs as 
high as he could, and quickened the operation of getting in and out as much 
as possible. When safely out, he would brush the tleas from his legs by the 



KENYON COLLE(iE. 207 



Wliiil ;i WDiulcrl'iil man \v;is tliiil same Kisliop Cliase ! einbracini;- in that 
inmn'iisc " (•(ir]i(ii-rsity,"" as sdinc one well rcinarl^cd. (wo separate ami ilislinct 
in<livi(lualilies : llial ol'llie lull i:i'()\\n man — slern, im]ieriiins, inxincilile; and 
llial (if tlie child — mild, annalile, eondescending, an<l 1 1'ac-laMc. And yun conld 
never lell at any pari iriilar time wliieli eliaracter was almnt to appear. * * * 

liishop ( 'liase was nif)st happy in his wife. Mrs. Chase, calm, dignilied, 
motherly, always had a great intluence over lier distinguished husband, and 
was admirably adapted by eharaeter and dis])osilion lor the important position 
in \\hi(di I lie providiMice of ( iod liad placed her. She was, indeed, a niotiier to 
us boys. We constituted a large and, as a friend of iiniw used to say, a vei'v 
misccdlaneiius fannly, of winch she was maternal head. She even had (diarge 
of ihe linen of the whole establishment, whicdi was kept in a common (dollies 
room, where every boy had his " department," and from wiiicdi we drew our 
weekly supplies of fresli linen. Ah! those were lialcyon days! 1 can not iielp 
contrasting them witli m\- later experience in the same Institution, wlieii we 
had to iiire our own wash woman, oftentimes quarreling about missing pieces 
or dickering about price, the payment of bills, etc., etc., and eten, sometimes, 
lieing under the painful necessity of bringing out the darning needle and ball 
of yarn with which the prudent forethought of our dear mothers had supplied 
us, in order to avoid the imputation sure to be cast upon the luckless wight 
with holes in his st(j(d';ings, ol' being more ''hole(y) than righteous." 

But those days have gone never to return! The illustrious founder of 
Kenyon now sleeps his last sleep beneath the friendly soil of "Robin's Nest," 
in the givat State of Illinois, where, with untiring energy and enterprise, he 
had laid the foundation of another institution of "learning and religion," and 
wiiere, it is to be hoped, his restless, agitated soul, finally found rest and 
peace, lie was, indeed, a wonderful man! He had his faults, no doubt, as 
who has not? but he had greater virtues. In other times, and under mcn-e 
propitious circumstances, he would have oblaineil (he reputation of a hero of 
('harity, perhaps would have died -a niarlyr to the I-'aith. ivenyon owes him a 
debt of gratitude it should never ibrget. 



1838. 



208 KENYON COLLEGE. 



bishop dt^asc's Broken Kibs 



In tlie spring of 1830, the stage coach in which Bishop Chase was travel- 
ling, on his return from Washington to Ohio, was overturned in the darkness 
of the niglit, near Cumberland, Md., and hurled over an embankment. The 
Bishop's elbow was put out of joint, and two ribs were fractured. As soon as 
he was able to write, he sent the following characteristic letter to his brother, 
who was then a member of the United States Senate : 

"I am as yet incarcerated with my broken ribs, full of pain and distress. 
Last night, though cheered by the reception of your kind letter of the 24th, I 
could not sleep.. How long the night was ! How much I thought of you, and 
of my good friends in the great Congress of the United States. Oh ! that they 
would cease their strife, and think on things which make for jieace. If God 
should break their ril)s and dislocate their joints as he has mine, perhaps they 
would think and speak more to the purj^ose than they have done of late, and 
this you may in welcome tell them I'rom me. 

" What reason the great and good God hath in thus afflicting me, I know 
not; yet sure I am it is a good reason, and a reason of wisdom and mercy. 
Who knows but that it may be the means of my getting my township? If so, 
how I shall rejoice that I I'elt my ribs on both sides of me crack under the 
weight of an enormous coach filled with fat passengers. You may laugh at 
this idea, yet be assured I am quite in eai-nest. Yes, brother, I would be 
disposed to skip like a roebuck at the exchange of my providential sufferings 
lor the njeans to get on with our college wings. 'Why (you will ask) are you 
so set on this ? Because there is extant no other method or plan by which our 
Western World can be kept from going back into a vandal state than the one 
on which this Institution is proceeding. If I love my country, knowing that I 
do, I cannot lielp being thus engaged. Give me then a college (I ask nothing 
but the buildings) out of which I can turn school-teachers, drawn from the 
poorer classes of society (and, therefore, not above their business),' in suffi- 
cient numbers (no half-way business), and I will do more good^I mean you 
Congressmen will do more good, through God's grace given unto you, than by 
all your great speeches made this winter." 




IN Tllii GKUUNUb AT IIARCUURT PLACE. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 209 



(DI^ ^Lim C5 in fxcnyon 



From llu' Ganibier Argils, April 3, 1873.] 

************** 

Bishop Cliase wrought not only witli liis head but with his hands, and lie 
expected all about liim to do the same. He had resolved that every youth in 
America, eager to study and willing to work, should have the means of acquir- 
ing a classical education within his reach. It was this resolution of his that 
caused me In become acquainted M'ith him for the first time in the fall of 1828. 
And otten have I since wished that 1 could handle the skilled pencil of an 
artist that I might enable the world to see at a glance 

THE BISHOP'S MANSION 

As it struck me on that fair November morning. It stood about sixty yards 
southeast of the present entrance to the College Park, built of rough white- 
oak logs, was about twenty feet wide by twenty-four long, east and west, 
divided in the middle by a rough board partition, and the walls rose about two 
feet above the attic floor, the roof being of split shingles kept in their place 
by poles on top, according to a common expedient in new settlements where 
nails are scarce. The western half constituted the Bishop's family room and 
])lace ibr receiving guests and distinguished visitors. It had a large fire-place 
and a window north of the fire-place on the west side, a door and window west 
ol' it at the south end, and on the north end a door opening towards the 
kitchen, eight feet distant. 

The eastern half was subdivided into two comjKirlnienls, one of which 
was the Bishop's bedroom, and the other served for a clothes-press and 
general store-room. Such was the main V)uilding of the group, the home of 
the brave old pioneer of education and the Episcopal Clnircii in the West, in 
the year 1828. 

This hurnlile abode was somewhat obscured by 

OTHER BUILDINGS, 

Which have proT)al)ly made a more lasting imjiression on the memories of most 
students and visitors in Gambier. One of these, about eighteen feet wide by 
twenty-two long, made of hewn logs, stood five feet west of the Bishop's 
house, and was the residence of Prof Wm. Sparrow. It was divided into two 
rooms, the western or i'ront room constituting the Professor's study and recita- 
tion room. The walls rose about four feet above the attic floor, and tiie roof 
was made of good shingles. 



210 liENYON COLLEGE. 



In the space between the two houses, the stairs Avent up to the two attics. 
which were reached in each case by going over the end logs, and descending 
several steps to the tloor. The roof of Prof. kSparrow's house extended over 
the stair- way. The attic was lighted by a window in the west gable, ventilated 
by numerous cracks, and partly warmed by a drum through which the smoke 
from a stove in Prof. Sparrow's i-ecitation room passed. It was the sleeping 
and only resting room, wlien out of school, of ten boys, tlie most of wlioni 
had come from Philadelj)hia. And an apparently liappier set of youth were 
never turned loose into the woods. But what would modern students think 
of such accommodations i" 

Along the whole north side of tlie house ran a porch ten feet wide, fur- 
nishing a passage-way to the Bishop's family room and the kitchen opposite. 
This kitchen was the roughest kind of a log house, about eighteen feet square, 
without an attic, and the ridge running north and south, at right angles with 
those of the other buildings. The northwest corner of this kitchen adjoined 
the southeast corner of the dining-room. TJiis was a building put up evi- 
dently after the College saw mill had proved a success; for it was made of 
immense planks laid up as logs are in a log liouse, only the ends, instead of 
being notched and made to cross each other, were kept in their places by deep 
grooves in posts. It was about twenty-two feet wide by fort.y-eight long, and 
the walls rose three feet above tlie attic floor, which was reached by outside 
stairs on the east end, near the door by which the provisions were brought in 
from the kitchen. This dining hall served also for a church on Sundays, and 
after the Bishop's family moved into the central part of Kenyon Hall, this 
served as a Grammar School room, and a room for prayer meetings, and the 
meetings of the Philomathesian Society. In subsequent years it was weather- 
boarded, and underwent many changes, both internal and external, to fit it for 
a private residence, and maintained its position till long after all its com- 
panions had disappeared. 

The history of this groujj of buildings belongs to that of Kenyon College. 
They mark_the beginning of the latter, so far as Gambler is concerned, and 
should be engraved and made to face the title page of its history. 

SOCIETY DOINGS-HALL, ETC. . 

Nothing can, perhaps, belter illustrate the character of the pioneer 
students of Kenyon than the following leaf from the history of tlie Philoma- 
thesian Society. 

This society was tlie first organized, and for some years was the only 
literary society in the Institution. In 1829-30, it contained some thirty or 
forty members, a majority of whom were vigorous, able bodied, self-reliant 



KENYON COLLEGE. 211 



young men, l)ut limited in llieir ]ieriiHiury resources. Some had assembled 
from distant parts ol' the United States on the sole promise of Bishop Chase 
that an education should be within the readi of all. They expected to endure 
hardships, and were not easily diverted from tiieir object by difficulties that 
would have appeared appallinsi to more favored students. 

After the society became too large to be conveniently held in a private 
rdoni, it met in the old dining hall near the present park gate. There was 
then no bell on the College to sound the cmIIs Id duty, liut the ('urator, at the 
lime for a meeting, l)lew a blast on a tin horn near the College, and, ten 
minutes after, near the hall, wlicii the roll was immediately called and 
absentees marked. But very few, I am bound to say, were thus marked; for 
the students of those days, with, of course, a few exceptions, knew the value 
of time as well as the value of money, and wrought at every duty with a will. 

Well do I remember some of the scenes in that old hall, as my seniors, to 
whom I looked up with reverential awe as the embodiment of learning and 
eloquence, burnished and sharpened their intellectual weapons Ibr a more 
extended arena. 

Permit me to recall one, whose results were not confined to the meeting, 
tliough it was held with closed doors and extended far into the darkness of 
midnight. 

The eai'ly reputation of Kenyon for piety and industry was such that cer- 
tain parents entrusted to its care sons whom they had failed to govern under 
other influences. Some of these proved themselves factious and troulilesome 
members of the Institution. To one of these in particular the freedom of the 
College pigs furnished a theme for frequent vituperative remark, and their 
bodies objects of as frequent attacks. And he became prominent as editor of 
"The Anti-Hog or (iambier Philanthrojjist,'' a foolscap sheet neatly written 
over in double columns, and tilled with amusing, witty, and scurrilous articles, 
and some grossly insulting to Bishop Chase. For instance, one item was, " It 
is said Bishop Chase has become so emaciated that students can now go to 
town without difficulty." This was aimed at the Bishop's prohibition of illicit 
visits; and with the same intention a name was given to a particular ridge 
near the boundary of the College domain. For the editor's responsibility in 
this matter and general character, th(> Fai-uJIy thought tliemselves justified in 
his ex])ulsion or summary dismissal from tlie Institution. 

The question then came up in the society, "Did he leave College with a 
good moral character?" Knowing, as most did, the corruption and corrupting 
iulluence of the young man, it did not seem difficult to decide tlie question. 
But factious students will always have partisans, and then under the question 



212 KENYON COLLEGE. 



it was thought lay certain great principles, involving "the liberty of the 
press.' ^' and the "independence of the society!" the little imperium in 
imperio^ the prolific source of anarchy in all Colleges. 

The society met, appointed a committee of six — three to impeach and 
three to defend the accused, — and resolved itself into a court or committee of 
the whole to try the case. The struggle was fierce, and, as intimated above, 
not brief. But there was no stenographic reporter present, and I omit further 
notice of tlie trial, merely adding the accused visited the room of one of his 
impeachers the next day with a rawhide and a dirk, and subsequently left the 
county a convicted transgressor of the laws of the land. 

THE PROPOSED HALL 

The society had no exclusive control of the old dining hall; lor it was 
used by the Grammar School, by prayer meetings, and for various other pur- 
poses. Besides, though the society met with closed doors, workmen slept in 
the attic, and there was constant danger of precious secrets becoming the 
property of the public. 

Why should men who could help themselves longer endure such incon- 
veniences? Some were skilled in the use of the plane and the saw, and all 
could handle the axe. So they resolved to build, to build a hall. I do not 
remember what were to have been its dimensions, but it was to have been no 
disgrace to the Hill. Bishop Chase promised them all the trees they wanted, 
and that the College saw-mill should saw and the College teams haul all the 
lumber they should need. 

On a day appointed for beginning the work, every man, armed with an 
axe, went to the forest not far oil'. It stood near the residence of the late 
A. G. Scott, and on the ground now occupied by Dr. Blake's orchard. Soon 
many a lofty oak had measured its length on the ground. Think of a student 
nowadays waJking, with deadly intent, up to a majestic white onk two or three 
feet in diameter! Would it not laugh at his puny arm? Not so in those early 
times; ibr before night there lay scattered about dozens of logs ready for the 
mill. And there they continued to lie ibr a long time, and until they were 
required for other uses than those for which they had first been prepared. 

What killed the enterprise? It was a conflict of authority. 

The Phi Phi Alpha Society had, a short time before, been organized in the 
Grammar School, as a sort of stepping stone to the Philomathesian. It 
embraced nearly all of the pene Freshman Class. As soon as the Philos 
moved to build, the secret was out, and the young society applied to the 
Bishop for permission to take part in the work and to become joint occupants 
of the hall. The Bishop's son, Dudley, was a member of the new society, and 



KENYON COLLEGE. 213 



the Bishop readily gave his consent. But that consent was fatal. The Philos 
li;t<l engajied in the enterprise for the sake of havinj; exclusive control of their 
])lace of meeting. When they founil tliis could not be enjoyed, Ihe will and 
llic way to liiiild were gone. And thus llic mailer remained diirinu the Presi- 
dency of Hisliop Chase. 

'Die feeling, however, between llie two societies, engendered by tiie con- 
tidvcrsy. did not die, but, nourished Vjy one cause and another, grew, till all 
iIk' iiieiiilicrs of the junior society resolved, on entering College, not to join 
(he I'iiiloinathesian, but take their own society with them. .\nd by the time 
llie class that entered College in 1S;]0, numbering twenty I'oui'. liad become 
S(i])li(jniores, llic new (Jollege society i-jvalcd the old in numbers, and, having 
made the acquisition of two or three prominent men in College, felt itself its 
equal in every particular. The old embraced nearly all the meml)ers of the 
upper classes, and, of course, felt its own superiority, and would occasionally 
give e.xpression t(j the feeling. 

THE RIVALRY 

Proceeded so far that, on one occasion when the two had come in collision con- 
cerning some outside matter, it came near resulting in a pitched battle. The 
parties met just in front of the College. Words ran high. The two leaders 
were facing and near each other when the Philo said, with peculiar emphasis, 
"Ihe galled jade winces." In an instant the hand of the other was raised to 
strike. But less l)elligereut members interfered, and no blood was shed. One 
of those leaders now occupies a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of the 
I'nited States, and the other died last year in San Antonio, Texas, an eminent 
■ ludge, and the greatest land lawyer in the State. 

Generally, the one society acted as a healthy stimulus for the other. But 
some time after the above outburst, sectional feeling sprang up among the 
Philos, and became so rampant as to bar improvement in the legitimate duties 
of the society, and exclude the consideration of almost every other matter. 
At length, in a moment of returning reason, the two sections concluded, with 
the approval of the College Faculty, to separate and form two societies. The 
division was amicably effected, and the seceding branch took the name of the 
,\ii Pi Kappa. 

'I'll us the two present societies in College were formed. Each was, of 
course, feeble in point of numbers, and the Phi Phi Alpha was the great 
society in College. But numbers are no true test of strength and permanence. 
The two small societies were full of life and a determination to excel. The 
North and the South furnished students in a})Out eqiuil proportion, and when- 
evei- one came he went either into the Northern oi' Soul hern Societv. When 



014 IffiNYON COLLEGE. 



{he Phi riii Alplm became thus feeble, and saw only extinction in its future, 
it also diviilod, and the mendiers cast in their lots with the two sectional 
sucielies. 

8uhse(|uenlly, [he ajritation ol' the anli-sla\ery (piestiou in tlie North, and 
the o]ieninji- of many institutions in tlie South, cut olF the supply of Southern 
students I'nnn Kcnycni, and made it expedient lor tlie two societies to be con- 
slituled as Ihey now are. Long may (hey lUmrish, and rival eacli otiier on].\- 

in iiood deiHJs and lii^ii attainments. 

I'ARS FUI. 



a 5tu^cnf5 Experience in tl]e v£arly I>a\\s 



From Koeovils of :ui Active LilV, by Rev. Henum Dyor, t>. 1).] 

^Irs. Chase had among other onerous duties the care of furnishing all the 
rooms for students as they ari-ived. My new room had nothing butibare walls, 
not an article of liedding, or any I'nrniture ol' any kind. I let't word for Mrs. 
Chase that I had taken possession of my room, and she promised to send some 
bedding tliat evening, but added that she had no cot or bedstead. Nothing 
daunted liy this, 1 set to work and made two saw rests, or, as they were more 
commenl\- called, saw iiorses. On these 1 put a green oak slab, fresh from the 
saw null, and then waited for my bedding. When evening came, I found 
niyseir witliout any hnnp or candle. Fortunately, tliere was a moon, so I was 
not quite in total darkness. I sat down on my slab bedstead and took a good 
think over the past, about mother, father, and other members of the family. 
There was ti\e least bit of sadness in my reverie, but it didn't do me any 
harm. S(nnetime atfer nine o'clock a little bundle of bedding came, and l\v 
the light ol' tlu" moon 1 set to work to make up my bed. But my parcel cen- 
tained notliing btit a sheet — and such a sheet! 1 tried to spread it out on tiie 
slab, Init it wouldn't spread at all. I changed it from end to end: this did no 
good. 1 indled at it. turned it over, and fussed for half an liour or so, wonder- 
ing why they had sewed two sheets together. All was ot' no use, and so 1 
concluded to wait till morning, particularly as tlie moon had gone down and 1 
was in total darkness. As it was warm weather, there was no danger of 
freezing. I extemporized a pillow out of a stick of wood, and folding my 
coat, laid it on the stick, and then with the rest of my clothing on I laid 
myself down on t'le plank to get what rest I could find. 

Somehow I didn't tind " nature's sweet restorer" very sweet that night. 
xU'ter a little while rhe side I was lying on began to ache ; I turned over, and 
soon the other side ached; and then on mv back, and this ached worse than 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 215 



l)i)tl] -iilfs piif together. Helorc long, I became a kind of \wy\H^t\\;i\ motion, 
nilliiiii hack anfl forth at i-cgiiiar hut very short intervals. One thing made 
me veiy thaiil<ln), ami that was it was at the very season when the days are 
the longest and nights the shortest. I longed ibr the morning, and didn't 
think I could ever again wish it was evening. I hadn't a particle of sympathy 
with tiic man Solomon descrilies as sayiim. •" V<-t a little sleep, a little slum- 
Icr, .1 little folding of the hands to sleep."" I could and would have ki(;ked 
thiit man if he had been altoul that nJLdit. The next morning I was up with 
tlic birds, not singing my carol-, but rubbiiiLC my aching sides and back. (Jn 
I'.Naiiiining my sheet l)y day-light, 1 found it w;i^ no sheet at .-ill, init one of 
those long i-olling towels sometimes lonnd at country taverns, on which the 
travellers wipe their hands and fares. Xo wonder I had such a time in trying 
to make it spread out. 

Dui'ing the day, I retni-tieci the article to Mrs. (Jhase, and soon there came 
back ample apologies, and a [lair of narrow sheets, with the jiromise of otlier 
articles as soon as possible. In the course of a week, I had an apology for a 
table, one chair, a stove, a tin wash-basin, a pitcher, and a cup. But for si.\ 
weeks I had no other bedstead than my board, or slab, and this, as it began to 
season, began also to twist and warp itself into a beautifully undulating 
surface, affording me an almost endless variety of position and posture. I 
rontented myself with my wooden pillow and narrow sheets for a long time; 
1 say narrow, for each one was about a foot and a half wide — certainly 
narrower '' than that a man rould wrap hiiriself in them."' Hut I was young, 
,'inibilif)ns, and didn't mind such trilles. 



d)c HcUgious ii^^ of Itcnyon in tl)c (Dibm (Lime 



From Itfcords of an Active Life. J 

Oiiring my stay in Gambler there were two periods of more than ordiiuiry 
religious interest. There seemed to be no special cause for these awakenings. 
Our services had been of the usual kind. But about mid-winter, on each occa- 
sion, a i)revailing seriousness manifested itself. This seriousness increased day 
by day until it attracted attention throughout the Institution. By the direc- 
tion of Bishop Chase and Dr. Sparrow, informal meetings were commenced in 
the (lilferent halls of the College buildinirs: recitation rooms and the rooms of 
students were used foi- the pnritose. .\n hour in the evening was fixed on, 
and without any formal notice it was understood among all the students that 
any one was at liVjerty to attend. Some of the older students were requested 
to take (diarge of the services, 'j'hough luil one of the older. I was ajipfiinted 



216 KENYON COLLEGE. 



by the Bishop to take one of the rooms. At lirst but few came, but the num- 
ber steadily increased, until the room became very much crowded, and the 
interest was deep and all-iDervading. The exercises were very brief and very 
simple. Prayers, hymns, the Word of God, with a few remarks by the person 
conducting the service, made up the whole of it. We never allowed the 
meeting to continue beyond the appointed time. This was a wise arrange- 
ment, for closing the exercises at the moment of its greatest interest made all 
more ready to come again. 

For weeks and weeks these extra informal meetings were held. Among 
those who had charge of these services, I remember well Mr. J. P. B. Wilmer, 
afterwards Bishop of Louisiana. 

A large number of students became decidedly religious, and many turned 
their attention to the ministry. At the request of the Bishop, some three or 
four of us took charge of classes for confirmation. Some may think this very 
strange and unchurchly. But it must be remembered that we were in peculiar 
circumstances, and therefore many allowances should be made. These periods 
or seasons of religious interest were at that daj' called "revivals." And so they 
were. In all my life since, I have witnessed nothing like them. So great was 
the interest at one time that all the college exercises were suspended for one 
or two days. To us, then, there was nothing strange in this; but how strange 
it would seem now to have Yale or Harvard' suspend all lectures and recita- 
tions for one and two days solely on account of a deep religious feeling 
prevailing ! I have always been glad and thankful that I was permitted to 
see and pass through such seasons, and I should not be soriy to see something 
of the kind again. 

Early in my life at Gambler, it was jDroposed that something should be 
done for the outlying neighborhoods around the college. These neighborhoods 
were made up of new settlers, coming from all parts of the East and some of 
the Southern States, and were almost entirely destitute of religious privileges. 
Being for the most part poor, their efforts were directed to providing shelter 
and food for their families. Their habitations were usually log cabins, with 
one, two, or tlwee rooms, according to their necessities. As soon as they wei'e 
made habitable, the next thing to be done was to cut down the timber and 
clear up the land, that there might be a crop of grain and vegetables as soon 
as possible. The families which had settled on the College domain were 
" squatters, and miserably poor, and they were mostly Roman Catholics. 
Such was the character of the population around us, and among whom we 
were called to minister. 

After exploration, the neighborlioods were numbered and named. Certain 
of the students were appointed by the Bishop and Faculty to take charge of 
these several fields. It fell to mv lot to go to a neighborhood about six miles 



if EN YON COLLEGE. 217 



from tlie College. The road, or ratlier path, to this place was throiigli an 
almost unbroken forest. As we were obliged to be back in season for after- 
noon services at the college chapel, it was necessary to start early in llic 
morning, and do our work in the afternoon. 

Mrs. Chase, very thoughtfully and kindly, had a si.x o'duck breakfast 
prepared for such of us as were thus engaged. It took me nearly two hours 
to walk to my post. I remember well my first service. It was a pleasant 
Sunday moi-ning in Jlay; the walk through the great forest was delightful 
and most inspiriting. Birds, squirrels, partridges, pigeons, and an occasional 
deer, witli rattlesnakes thrown in, made up quite a variety of animal life. As 
I neared the log building in which we were to meet, 1 was surprised to see 
several horses hitched to the trees, and a good many men in hunting shirts 
standing about. Coming up, I said, "Good morning," and then tried to get 
into the house; but this was packed full of women and children. Instantly 
my heart went down into my shoes, and I wondered what I should do. I had 
not dreamed of any such collection of people, and for a moment was dazed 
and bewildered. But no time was to be lost. I managed to get a standing 
place just inside the door, and then, taking from my pocket a hymn book, I 
read a hymn, and asked that some one would start a tune as soon as I should 
give out the hymn again, two lines at a time. It was a critical moment. I 
remembered my ertbrts in leading at a former time and was filled with dread, 
Ijut as coolly as possible pi-oceeded to give the hymn out the second time. 

Fortunately, the lively gabble of the numerous babies present, and the 
attempts of the anxious mothers to hush them, prevented that awful silence 
which is sometimes so distressing. Still, I began to redden up; but tlien some 
woman — bless the women, they always come to the rescue — piped up a 
treble voice, twenty feet, it seemed to me, above the pitch; but she didn't 
mind it a liit, nor did any of the rest of us, but all went ahead, shaking and 
quivering in a frightfully reedy manner. I struck in with my thorough-bass, 
and before we were through with the first verse there was a full chorus of 
voices on every imaginable key, and keeping all sorts of time. But it mat- 
tered not ; noise was the thing, and of that we iiad an abundance. 

After this we had a short prayer, then another hymn, ai'ter which I read a 
portion of scripture, making comments as I went along. In a word, I did the 
best I could under the circumstances, and with such a motley group. It was 
thought to be a Sunday-school, but such an one as I never saw before. My 
oldest scholar, by actual measurement, was over eighty years of age, while my 
youngest was about six months, and of such tliere were a good many. Now 
my school ranged all the way from one extreme to the other, and I had to 
adojjt the rubric of " common sense," and do wliat I could. 



218 KENYON COLLEGE. 



As soon as I became a little acquainted with the families, I found them 
very kind, and well disposed to make the best use thej' could of their privi- 
leges. I spent many Saturday afternoons in visiting throughout the neighbor- 
liood, but did not find a single family acquainted with the Episcopal Church. 
The nearest I came to it was that of one individual who, on a visit to Pitts- 
burgh, went to an Episcopal service as a great curiosity. 

On returning to the College each Sunday, after my missionary expedition, 
I always found in my room a plate with two 'biscuits and a piece of apple or 
peach pie, or a piece of plain cake. This was my dinner. 

In this neighborhood I continued to labor ibr several years. The results, 
briefly, were: A parish was formed, a largo number of baptisms — infants 
and adults — took place, several candidates were presented ibr confirmation, 
and quite a number were added to the communion. After a while, our full 
and regular services were introduced. During a portion of the time, I, of 
course, was in orders. 

After I had lieen carrying on the enterprise for two years or more, two of 
the leading men of that region wished to be baptized, and by immersion. 
This was something of a trial for me, but I at once complied with their 
request. The baptism took place on a beautiful afternoon in the summer 
time, and a great throng of people from the region round about assembled. 
The banks of the creek were lined for a long distance with spectators. The 
scene was impressive and solemn. It seemed to touch every heart. I was 
sustained through it all, but very glad when tiie services ended. 

The first confirmation held was an intensely interesting occasion. It took 
place after Bishop Mcllvaine went to Ohio. A new frame building was in 
process of erection, and. extemporizing something like a chancel out of rough 
boards, we arranged, as well as we could, to have the services there. The 
Bishop had never been into the neighborhood before, and I was a little curious 
and a good deal anxious to see how he would manage with such rude accom- 
modations. But he did admirably. We did our robing out behind a big oak 
tree, and then -made our way through the crowd in a procession of two. The 
sermon was a grand one. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 219 



(£I]angc5 anb Hcniinisccnccs 



From the Western f^piscopalian, October 36, 1803.] 

The report di' the Trustees, whicli we copy to-ihiy t'roni the slieets of the 
Journal of the Convention, embraces a period of twenty-three years, or the 
time that lias elapsed since Bishop Chase resigned and removed from 
Gambler. The present seems, therefore, an appropriate occasion for noticing;' 
tlie changes that have been effected in the appearance of Gambler during 
that period. The details may not be interesting to those unacquainted with 
the localities. And we would apprise the reader, that as we write entirely 
from memory, we may not be perfectly accurate as to dates and distances. 

The " Public Well," which is in the middle of the village, or in the 
middle of tlie street running east and west, where it is crossed by the avenue 
running north, was opened by Bisliop Chase. For the first year or two it was 
of but little use, but has been gradually improving till it now, ordinarily, 
furnishes a sujiply of water for the neighljorliood during alxiut nine montlis 
ill the year. 

AVest of t he well Bishop Chase erected four iiouses, two on each side of 
the street, for the tempf)rary use of students and teachers, and anotlier for a 
hotel. These l)uildings Iiave undergone divers ciianges, been enlarged and 
almost entirely rebuilt except the frames, though one of tiiem retained its 
original wliite oak weather boards until within the last few months. The old 
iiotel has been connected with the nearest house, so that for many years they 
iiave presented the appearance of only one building. Northwest of "the 
well," in Bishop (Phase's time, stood the " Seminary Store," luiilt partly of 
hewn logs. It has been moved across the street to the east, and now forms 
two dwellings, and the log one, standing on a back street, is tlie only "log 
house" in (itambier. 

In the quarter where the Seminary Store stood, but a little further to the 
northwest, where the ground, in 1830, was but imperfectly cleared, there are 
now four good frame houses and two cabinet shops, and further west another 
good brick house. About a quarter of a mile north of '' the well," there was 
a clearing of some eight or ten acres made before the institution owned the 
ground, fainiliarly known as "the old field," probably never fenced, and in 
1830, nearly overgrown with .young trees. On the north side of what was 
"the old field," in a beautiful grove, now stands Be.xley Hall. A little south- 
east of Bexley Hall is the residence of President Smitli, and about the same 
distance southwest of Bexlev Hall is the residence of Mr. M. Wliite, latelv 



220 KENYON COLLEGE. 



erected, and a little south of that " Harcourt Place," formerly the residence 
of Bishop McUvaine, but now, with additional buildings, occupied by the 
Rev. Mr. Blake's select boarding school for boys. Nearly a quarter of a mile 
east of Harcourt Place is Mil nor Hall, where Bishop Chase had only a fixture 
for getting water, which was carried to the village and College in barrels. 
Northeast of " the Public Well " there was a corn house for holding grain, and 
back of it "the Barracks," a kind of large barn ibr holding the hay and 
unthreshed grain belonging to the College, and all beyond this was covered 
with bushes. The corn house has since been moved across the road south, 
and made into a very comfortable dwelling. "The Barracks" are torn away, 
and in the quarter wliere they stood there are now, on the streets running 
east and north, eleven houses and other buildings, including tlie above named 
" log house." The large story and a lialf plank house southeast of " the well," 
tirst used for a dining room, and afterwards for a school room, has, since 1830, 
been weatherboarded and converted into a dwelling house. The large double 
log cabin first occupied by the families of Bishop Chase and Dr. Sparrow, and 
the attic by students, which stood twenty or thirty feet from this plank 
building, has been entirely removed, but in this quarter of the village, on 
difierent streets, there are now ten houses and other buildings. The double 
log cabin or "shantee," as it was called, which stood in this quarter, near the 
South or College Spring, disappeared long ago, and near where it stood, a 
little to the south, is a dwelling house formed of the building that in 1830 
stood on the hill near the College, and was used for a printing olfice, paint 
shop, etc. 

At that time the road ran directly south from " the Public Well " to the 
College. On the west of this road, and extending to the grave yard, half way 
to the College, was a cleared field, the western half of which was set out in 
apple trees. On the southeast corner of this field or lot was " Cascu," a small 
building occupied by Mr. Caswell, one of the present delegation from 
England, and his friend Mr. Cusac, while they were students in Kenyon 
College. It has since been enlarged. At one time a part of it was used as a 
drug store, and'the other part as the Chemical Labratory of the College. It 
is now occupied by the Rev. Dr. Brooke as his office. A little to the south- 
west of "Cascu," facing the east, and in front of the graveyard, stands "Rosse 
Chapel," a large stone building built after the Ionic order of Grecian archi- 
tecture. The foundation was laid by Bishop Chase for a Gothic building, 
with a large vestry room in the rear to be used for a College chapel. The 
timbers of the floor were laid by Bishop Chase, but after exposure to the 
weather for some years, they were taken up, the present order adopted, the 
vestry room in the rear abandoned, and a College chapel made in the base- 
ment. Directly in front of Rosse Chapel, but on the east side of the road. 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 221 



once stood "the Seventy Four,'' a large, frail, and singular looking building, 
designed for tlie use of the Grammar School, but very little in keeping with 
the other public buildings commenced by Bishop Chase. After undergoing 
many alterations it was linally, during the Presidency ot the late Major 
Douglass, nearly all turn down and mostly removed. A small portion left 
standing and the rubbisii were burnt by the students in their zeal to clear 
" the Park," and im]ir()ve its appearance. On the western slope of the hill, 
between Rosse Chapel and the river, were the " Hermitage," and another 
small dah building, lioth at one time occupied by students. The former was 
a neat little frame Iniilding, having a pleasant yard in front. Messrs. V. 
McGuire, Castleman, and Phillips, now clergymen in Virginia, and others 
once roomed in it. But after having been abandoned some time it was burnt, 
and the other building removed, so that hardly a sign of either now remains. 
In the orchard, on a line between the chapel and the old hotel, there were 
erected, soon after Bishop Chase left, three houses lor the professors. The 
one nearest the chapel is now occupied by the Rev. Dr. Brooke, and the other 
two by the Rev. Mr. Badger's family and select school. The College was 
located l)y Bishop Oiiase on the southern extremity of the hill, near where 
it begins to descend steeply, and nearly a quarter of a mile from " the well." 
His original plan was to have the ground form of tiie College in tiie shape of 
the capital letter H, the cross or central part, being 50 feet wide and 110 feet 
long, and the sides or wings to be 50 feet wide and 174 ieet long. Directly north 
of each wing, and about 100 feet from it, was to l)e a i)i-ofessor\s house, built of 
stone, and in the same style of Gothic architecture with the College, so that 
to a person approaching from the north the whole would have looked like one 
large block of Gothic buildings, with numerous spires of various sizes. The 
plan was a magnificent one, and could it have l)een carried out, Kenyon 
Cidlege would have been without a rival in this country so far as its buildings 
would have been concerned. Bishop Chase erected and finished, in a plain 
luit sul)stantial mannei", the central part of the College and the kitchen part 
(if one of the professors' houses. But, after he left, it was not thought advisa- 
l)le to expose so much property in one building where so many fires would be 
Icept, even if it could have been possible to collect the large sum of mone.y 
that would have been necessary to carry out the original plan. This plan 
was theretbre abandoned. The two professors' houses were built of brick, 
and the wings of the College were made 40 feet wide and 54 feet long, so that 
tiie ground plan is now in the form of the capital letter I, and the central 
spire, -which was designed to be only the largest among numerous spires of 
various sizes, is left looking too large to grade well with the few spires now 
up, or too small to be in proportion to the whole building, which, including 
the widfii of the wings, is 1!)0 feet long. But this defect, necessarilv resulting 



222 KENYON COLLEGE. 



from the change of plan is not noticed by many persons, and the whole 
building is considered to be a fine specimen of the pointed style of Gothic 
architecture, and to present a majestic and venerable appearance. 

The several acres of land surrounding the College and embracing the 
chapel and the houses immediately north of it, and extending nearly to "the 
■well," were enclosed by a fence and called the Park during Major Douglass's 
administration. A substantial walk, made of stone and covered with gravel, 
extends from the College to the village, where the entrance to the park is 
indicated by two large stone pillars. 

The shaft that was sunk for a well 110 feet deep immediately in front of 
tlie College is now covered with timber and earth, and its place only indicated 
by a little swell in the surface of the ground. 

About as many thousands of acres of the former domain of the College 
are now cleared and under cultivation, as there were hundreds of acres in this 
condition twenty-three or ibur years ago. And there are scattered over it, 
perhaps, fewer log cabins, but several more comfortable dwellings. The old 
College Mills went to decay, and have been replaced by a large and valuable 
flouring mill and saw mill. 

Two railroads from the east are now certainly located around the base of 
tlie College hill, and on one the hands are already at work. The College, we 
believe, has taken a little stock in one of them, rather from a desire to 
encourage it and thus increase the value of its. own pi-operty, than from the 
certainty that it will be a profitable investment. 

A clear view of all the changes and improvements, that have taken place 
within the time under consideration, Avould perhaps rec[uire a more minute 
description of some of the buildings. But the public edifices have been so 
often described that they are already well known, and Ave have not time to 
speak of the more private residences, even if it were at all important that 
we should. Many of the improvements were made soon after Bishop Chase 
retired, and consequently began, some years ago, to exhibit signs of decay. 
While the institution owned almost everything, repairs were not made, or 
they consumed nearly all the profits. Renters do not ordinarily make 
improvements, and only lately almost everything about Gambler had a 
dilapidated and torn-down appearance like the premises of some old broken- 
down Virginia farmer who has abundance of land and little help, and little 
energy, and is too proud to sell any portion of what has belonged to his 
family. The change of policy in the institution already begins to work 
wonders by way of improving appearances. Occupants have become owners. 
And while the institution now has abundance of means to secure energetic 
action, the citizens find their interests identical with those of the institution. 



KENYON COLLEGE 



ftcnyon ilolleac a Britist^ ^ovt 



From Aiiic'ric;i :iii(l IIm; Aiiu'rican (.'luircli, by the Rov. Henry Caswell, M. A., Lonilon, 188!).] 

I have iiuMilioned the activity ol' some ol' tlie students in Itelialf ot 
Sunda\ -scliools. Another work in wliich they have also voluntarily eniiaire<l 
is (he dill'usion of the Biljle. Shortly after my arrival here, tliey determined 
lo sujipiy with a Bible every lamily in the founty destitute ol' one. and 
(heii- determination was soon carried into ellect. A benevolent societv 
furnished tiiciu with the books, and the main business was the distribution. 
Knox County is thirty miles lon<:- l»y twenty wide, and contains a population of 
about ];■),(»()(». It is divided, like tin- other counties, into square townshijis, ol' 
whicii it contains twenty-four. These townships were apportioned bv the 
youni^ men themselves, and to my share fell two, situated sixteen or seventeen 
miles from (iambier, and containinir, perhaps, 250 I'amilies. 

It was in the commencement of winter when I set out on my tour. Tiie 
Bishop's faithful old horse, Oincinnat us, was my only companion, and a pair 
of saddle-bajrs contained all that I thought it expedient to carry. The trees 
were stripj)ed of their rich foliage, and the northwestern blasts came keen 
and piercing from the region of the great lakes. The roads, such as they 
were, -presented a long succession of stumps of trees not yet decayed, and 
deetHnily sloughs in which the horse often simk far above his knees. Thus I 
adviinced at the rate of about three miles an hour, and had ample time to 
make observations. 

I remarked that, whenever I met a vehicle or a h<n-semau, it was expected 
that I should pass to the riyht ; and this appears to be a general rule in 
America. I noticed also that none of the horsemen ever rose in their saddles 
while riding, which I account for by the fact that saddle-horses generally joace, 
Ijy which peculiar step an eas.y motion is produced. As I proceeded, I occa- 
sionally forded a creek or small stream, the banks of which were rough and 
jagged from the I'requent floods. The remains f)f a wooden bridge were "-en- 
erally visible, the crazy structure having been chielly swept away. Sometimes 
I passed through cultivated tracts, but my way was principally through 
unbroken woods. The axe has been busy for fifty years, and yet the forest 
maintains an undisputed right to nineteentwentieths of the soil. Wherever a 
small clearing appeared, the dead stalks of Indian-corn were standing in rows 
three feet apart, their yellow blades waving in the wind at the height of ten or 
even fifteen feet above the ground. The farm houses were variously built. 
Some were mere log cabins, surrounded by log stables, log pig-sties, and log 



224 KENYON COLLEGE. 



barns. Others were coiistiaictecl of frame-work, covered with plank, and con- 
taining five or six apartments. A few were convenient and substantial brick 
buildings, which would appear well even in England. In some cases where 
the settler had rapidly advanced to prosperity, all the three kinds of buildings 
wei'e standing together. The log-hut where the industrious owner had com- 
menced his labors, and. perhaps, reared his family, was now converted into a 
back-kitchen or a wash-house. The frame building, once deemed a palace, was 
now employed to protect abundant stores of Indian- corn and wheat. The 
brick mansion was the present abode of the family, and doubtless contained 
every thing essential to convenience and comfort. 

I continued my slow and unpleasant journej'' till night came on. I was 
now within my appointed sphere of labor; and seeing a light before me, I 
stopped at the house which contained it; and asked for refreshment and lodg- 
ing. My request was readily accorded, and the farmer sending his sons to take 
care of my horse, piled huge logs upon his immense fire-place, and directed 
his wife and daughter to procure me some supper. I was plentifully supplied 
with coffee, eggs, fried pork, warm bread, Iresli butter, etc., and after the 
repast entered I'reely into conversation with the family. Accidentally men- 
tioning Gambler as my residence, I perceived the old man suddenly become 
silent and reserved. I was, however, furnished with a comfortable and clean 
bed, and in the morning was regaled with an abundant and excellent break- 
fast. I now prepared to depart, and offered to pay for my entertainment; but 
this was not permitted. As I was about to leave the house, the old man freely 
opened his mind, and in a manner wliich left no room to doubt the strength of 
his feelings. He told me that he regarded Kenyon College as imminently 
dangerous to the country. ''I have fought the British," said he, "in the revo- 
lutionary war; I have again encountered them in the last war; and I know 
something of their character. I know they would not contribute so many 
thousands to build a college in Ohio without a sinister object. I am, there- 
fore, convinced that Bishop Chase is an agent emploj^ed by them to introduce 
British domination here. The College is, in fact, a fortress, all j^ou students 
are British soldiers in disguise, and when j^ou think you have an opportunity, 
you will throw off the mask, and proclaim the king of England." I endeav- 
ored to show him the absurdity of this opinion, but he only grew more angry, 
and I thought it useless to add another word. I therefore thanked him for his 
hospitality, wished him good morning, and departed. The old man's religion 
was that of the old Calvinistic Baptists. His predjudices were not entirely 
peculiar to himself, while his hospitality is a common trait in the character of 
the Western people. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



Some ilollcac Experiences of (Ebirin 211, Stanton 



From Records of an Active. Life by Heman Dyer, D. D.] 

On another occ-asion, among the offending students was Edwin M. Stanton, 
allerwards the renowned Secretary of War in Mr. l.incoln's cabinet. Stanton 
was young, bright, and ever ready for fun and frolic. On one occasion he 
wished to make a night excursion some miles into the country, and he wanted 
a liorse to ride. But there was no livery stable, and no horse to be hired. 
Now, Bishop Chase had a splendid animal, named " Cincinnatus." He cher- 
islied this horse as the apple of his eye, and any abuse of him would be sure 
to call down the Bishop's wrath upon the offender. But Stanton, not having 
tlie fear of this wrath before his eyes, ventured to go in the evening to the 
sl;il)Ie, saddle the horse, and ride off on his expedition. 

As the Bishop was a very early riser, it was necessary that the iiorse 
should be back in his place at an early hour. But no sooner did the Bishop 
see the animal than it was plain to him that he had been badly used. He 
suspected what had taken place, and set about discovering the oHending 
])ar1y or parties. In some way he soon got upon the right track, and was not 
long in finding the culprit. The case was immeiliately brought before the 
Faculty, and the guilty ones, for at least two others were involved, were 
arraigned. The real offence in the eyes of the Bishop was the abuse of his 
noble horse. He cared very little about the other things, but the taking of his 
horse and abusing him in such a way kindled up a fiery indignation, and he 
was in favor of the severest kind of punishment. Anything short of hanging 
would hardly suffice. 

As I knew Stanton better tlian any of tlie Faculty, and was sui-e it was 
one of liis impulsive and thoughtless freaks, I said what I could in extenuation 
of liis fauK. Without delay, I saw some of his particular friends, and begged 
tliern to go to Stanton and urge him to see the Bishop at once, and make a full 
ajjology. This plan succeeded, and he went. Now, Stanton was a 'fellow of 
good heart, and full of feeling. He went to the Bishop, made a clean breast 
of it, acknowledged his error, and asked forgiveness. 

The Bishop's wrath was soon all gone. His own big lieart was touclied, 
and he had nothing but pity and sympathy for tlie youtli. He spoke to Iiini 
tenderly of his widowed mother, and of the lil'e that was before Jiim. It was 
not long before both were in tears, and parted good friends. Stanton never 
ibrgot the part I took in this matter, as may appear farther on in these remi- 
niscenses. 



226 KENYON COLLEGE. 



There was another occasion when Stanton figured in a strangely ludicrous 
performance. One of the tutors liad rendered himself very unpopular among 
the students. He had been guilty, as they thought, of some very dishonorable 
conduct. In some way he had acted a double part, and betrayed their confi- 
dence, and they were determined to be revenged on him, and this is what they 
did. At that time, the students and tutors boarded together at the college 
commons. To preserve order at the meals, the members of the Faculty took 
turns in sitting on a small elevated platform about the ce.nter of the hall. No 
other duty devolved on this person than to sit there during the meal and see 
that everything was conducted in a proper manner. The students had fixed 
on the evening meal, which occurred about six o'clock, as the time when they 
would give expression to their sentiments. It happened to be my turn to pre- 
side at the table. At that time it was dark before six. On reaching the hall, 
I found everything in usual order. I was in ignorance of what was coming. 
Soon after I took my seat, Stanton came to me and said in a low voice, "Mr. 
Dyer, there will be some disturbance here to-night. I have no time to explain, 
but it will have no reference to you, and I hope you will sit still." With this 
warning, I did sit still and watch events. Nearly every student was in his 
seat, and I noticed that the servants were uncommonly busy in blunging in 
articles of food, particularly bread, and also that the supplies disappeared with 
wonderful rapidity, but there was nothing to indicate what the j'ellows 
intended to do. Now, it so happened that this particular tutor sat at the 
extreme end of the hall, and that the only exit was about the middle of the 
hall. There he sat in blissful ignorance on this memorable occasion. About 
the middle of the meal, at a given signal, the whole body of the students 
arose, and from one end of the hall to the other there was the ciy of "Hux- 
ford ! " " Huxford ! " " The traitor ! " " The rascal ! " " Give it to him ! " " Let 
him have it," and in an instant the air was lull of missiles of every description 
Hying towards poor Huxibrd's head. Loaves of bread, half loaves, balls of 
bread, pancakes, lumps of butter, cups, saucers, tea, and water were cast at 
him, and covered him from head to foot. For an instant he was utterly bewil- 
dered, and tlren, bounding up, he made for the door in double quick time, and 
what a gauntlet he did run! He had to make his way between two very long 
tables. As he started, some one cried, "Put out the lights," and out they 
went, and we were in total darkness. And now commenced an indescribable 
scene of confusion. They hooted, they groaned, they crowed, they cackled, 
and they howled. All this time the poor tutor was making for the door, but 
the cutis, the kicks, and the blows nearly stunned him. He finally i-eached the 
door and took to his heels, followed by more than a hundred fellows shouting 
and screaming like so many demons let loose. He didn't stop till he was 
miles away in the country, and soon after disappeared altogether. What 
became of him we never knew. 



KENYGN COLLE(iE. 227 



In this affair, Mr. Stanton was a leader. He was determined that the 
oll'ender should be punished, law or no law, and was willing to sutler the con- 
seqnences. 

This was a marked trait in Mr. Stanton's character, and no doubt liad 
much lo do in shaping his future career. His innate sense of justice made him 
restive under the restraints of the forms of law. 

When the affair came before the Facully, 1 look the ground tiud while we 
might condemn the conduct of the students as much as we pleased, yet under 
the circumstances the less we did the better. Mr. Stanton and others had 
made me acquainted with all the facts, and I did not wonder at their being so 
stirred up, and at the outbreak. The matter was before us for a long time, but 
was finally dropped as too complicated to be settled by us; and so it was left 
to settle itself. And tiiis, after all, is the best way of settling a great many 
tliiuos whicii oc<-ur in life. 



Bisl^op 2nc3lDainc 



Charles Pettit Mcllvaine was born January 18, 1799, at Burlington, New 
Jersey. He was graduated from Princeton College in 1816, and was ordained 
Deacon in 1820. His first parish was Georgetown, D. C, where he had in his 
congregation some of the great public men of our country. He was oflered by 
one of them (the Hon. John C. Calhoun, then Secretary of War) the position 
of Chaplain and Professor of Ethics at West Point. He accepted, and 
removed to that wondrously beautiful place in 1825. By Divine grace, he was 
enabled to do there a great work for his Master. In 1827, he became Rector 
of St. Ann's Church, Brooklyn, where he remained until after his consecration 
as Bishop of Ohio, October 31, 1832. He removed to Gambler in 1833, where 
he resided until the autumn of 1846, when he removed to Clifton, near Cin- 
cinnati. He died at Florence, Italy, March 12, 1873, "in the Communion of 
the C'atholic Church, in the confidence of a certain Faith, in the comlbrf of a 
reasonable, religious, and holy Hope, in favor with his God, and in perfect 
( 'harity with all the world."' When he died there fell asleep one of the 
princes of the earth. 

Bishop Mcllvaine was a very great man. In physical stature, he was 
imposing; he was pre-eminently a handsome man. In intellectual .power, he 
was the peer of the ablest of our public men, and among the foremost as an 
orator. In spiritual gifts and graces, he was also a mighty man. He did a 
great work for the Church and the Nation. 

In the words of Hon. John W. Andrews, LL. D., formally adopted liy the 
Diocesan Convention of 1873, "He was undou])tedly among the most eminent 



228 KENYON COLLEGE. 



of the Bishops and ministers of the Gospel of the present century; but valu- 
able as were his public and official utterances, his best teachings are found iu 
his life. Talents of a very high order, consecrated to God in doing good to 
men; worldly prospects subordinated to the claims of duty; an active sym- 
pathy with the weak and poor and oppressed; an unspotted life, showing 
forth with growing brightness and power the beauty of holiness even unto the 
end; au undying love of home, friends, country, and, above all, of tlie trutli as 
it is in Jesus Christ — these are the lessons which sink deep into the hearts of 
contemporaries, and become the heritage of many generations. We honor the 
memory of our departed friend and father. Death has taken him from our 
sight, and he rests from his labors; but the love we bear him is stronger tlian 
death: and, as the highest and most lasting honor that we can pay to his 
memory, we desire to ibllow the example of his faith and patience and 
abundant labors, to hold fast to those cardinal truths of the Gospel to which 
he gave his living and dying testimony, and to hold up to the young men of 
the Nation, in whose hands are its destinies, the model that he has left us of a 
true, manly, faithful Christian life.'' 



Reminiscences of '58 



From the Gambier Argus, December 5, 187 



Boston, Novemljer 22, 1878. 



Editor Gambier Argus: 

I am surprised not to see in your columns at least occasional reminiscen- 
ces of the past history of old Kenyon. As I succeeded, some time since, in 
stirring up a little "muss" about my venerable old friend, Bishop Chase, the 
founder of the Institution, perhaps I may succeed in enlivening your columns 
by a slight dash at the character of another of the leading and most conspicu- 
ous actors in the early liistory of the Institution. Among these men, what 
name stands more prominent than that of the late Rev. Dr. William Sparrow? 
I had the honor of enjoying his confidence, and I remember him with grati- 
tude. He was indeed in many respects a remarkable man. Endowed with an 
acute intellect, and disciplined with severe study and profound meditation, lie 
was capable of grappling with the most difficult subjects. His reading, 
especially in the line of his special departments of instruction, was extensive 
and accurate, though it would scarcely entitle him, perhaps, to the reputation 
of a profoundly learned man. His style was chaste and elegant rather than 
ornate, and he was one of the most eloquent and effective preachers I have 
ever listened to. His whole nature was averse to the mere tricks of oratory. 
His eloquence was the eloquence of nature unadorned, the result of a power- 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 229 



liil intellect conibined with ;i mercurial temperament and a soul dead in 
earnest about whatever he undertook. The whole is expressed in one word; 
he was an Irishman. His intiuence over the students was unbounded. The 
good respected and loved him; the bad feared him. His power of sarcasm 
was terrible, though never used except to lash the obstinately refractory, or 
the persistently incorrigible. I never shall forget the graphic pictures he drew 
])y a few nmster strokes in the old Coflege Chapel one moi-ning after the dis- 
covery of a turkey roast in one of the rooms by Tutor Ufford, who had broken 
down the door au<l caught the "rascals" in the very act, all dri|)ping, as the 
Doctor said, with sweat and gravy, and with thoughts intent on clandestine 
enjoyment 'J'o l)e painted in such a supremely ridiculous light was worse 
punishment than fort.y stripes with the cat-o'-nine-tails. But the great secret 
of the Doctor's success lay in the sincerity and earnestness of his character. 
His singleness of purpose, his disinterested devotion to his duties, and, above 
all, his manifest solicitude for the spiritual welfare of the students, gained for 
him access to hearts that otherwise had been closed to all advances. His 
Bible class was a great "institution."' With what pleasure will all his old 
pupils i-ecall the brilliant sallies of wit and eloquence, the profound philo- 
sophical disquisitions, the learning, the genius that then fascinated and held 
them spell-bound by the hour, and the intiuence of which has never been 
effaced from their minds. 

Dcjctor Sparrow had faith in Christianity. He believed in Supernatural 
Revelation with all his jieart. and its all-puwerl'ul, all pervading motives were 
ever ])resent with him, and influenced him in all his actions. He had no sym- 
])athy with the Scientific Atheism which has recently taken such strong hold 
upon the public mind, and. consequently, he had no faith in the modern 
Paganized system of education which would relegate morals to the region of 
the unknowable, and banish (Tod from the schools as well as from His own 
Creation. His convictions were deep and strong; he had positive opinions, 
and Jicnce he sought in all his intercourse with the young men of the College 
to lay the foundation of a high-toned, independent, fearless, and intelligent 
Christian character, and it was a curious fact that the magnetism of his 
enthusiasm drew many to his familiar instructions who were anything but 
religiously or even very morally inclined, and left lasting impressions which 
often followed the most thoughtless into the woi'ld, and contributed powerfully 
to shorten the period of sowing their wild oats. The Doctor was very popular 
as a preacher in the towns around Gambier, and the little struggling congre- 
gations were never so happy as when they succeeded in securing a visit from 
him, if only for a single Sunday. I remember on one occasion after preaching 
in the Presbyterian Church at Granville, which had an old-fasliioned l\igh 
pul])it set on tall ])illars, he jdayfully remarked that he felt, while perched up 



230 KENYON COLLEGE. 



there, like a spari^w on a house-top. But, perhaps, the most striking charac- 
teristic of the Doctor was his extreme modesty, and even bashfulness in 
appearing before a public assembly. His extempore powers were remarkable, 
if you could only get him started, as was abundantly shown in his Bible class. 
Yet it is a curious fact, in officiating in a log school-house, like that in the 
Bonnet neighborhood, fcu" instance, of those days, with only a handi'ul, as it 
were, of simple country folk, he would apologize for commencing his discourse 
sitting, and as he warmed to his subject, he would rise from his seat and soar 
into some of the finest flights of eloquence I have ever listened to. I used 
often to accompany the Doctor on these missionary expeditions, and we were 
on one occasion conversing on the subject of modesty, when, with an air of 
serious earnestness, he remarked, " Mr. , I have had a good deal of exper- 
ience of life, and the result is about this : I have discovered that gold is 
precious and silver is precious, but there's nothing like hrass.^'' 

"1838." 



X>r. Sparrott) 



William Sparrow was born March 12, 1801, at Oharlestown, Mass. His 
father was an Irish gentleman, who had taken part in the rebellion of 1798, 
and fled as a refugee to this country. He returned to Ireland in 1805, and 
there gave his son the best educational advantages. In 1817, the family again 
removed to America, and settled at Utica, N. Y. William Sparrow was for a 
•time a student of Columbia College; but, upon the death of his mother, he 
rejoined the family who meanwhile had removed to Ohio. In 1822, Mr. Spar- 
row taught at Worthington; in 1823, in Miami University at Oxford; in 1825, 
he rejoined Bishop Chase at Worthington. From that time onward, for fifteen 
years, his strength was given to Kenyon College. He was ordained Deacon 
June 7, 1826, and Presbyter four days afterwards. In 1841, he became Pro- 
fessor in the Theological Seminary near Alexandria, Virginia, where he died 
January, 17, 1874. 

After leaving Gambler, Dr. Sparrow was thrice recalled, but in vain, 
notwithstanding his great love for everything connected with the place. '' I 
left Gambler," he afterwards wrote, "because I thought I must. From the 
earthquake of feeling in my heart (I know not what else to call it) which my 
removal occasioned, I never expect to recover. As long as I live, there will 
be deep and ruinous traces of the convulsion in my nature." 

Dr. Sparrow's commanding greatness has been attested by some of the 
foremost men, both of the Church and the Nation. And he was as good as he 
was great. "All his influence," says Phillips Brooks, sjieaking of Alexandria 
days, "led us to a rational theology, and his daily spirit taught us that such a 
theology was beautifully consistent with a deep and tender piety." He did a 
great and blessed work both at Alexandria and Gambler. 



Ken YON COLLEGE. 231 



d]c (lollcac ^Sife of l7cnnj IPintcr Davis 



Among the sons of Kenyon who liave been useful and highly honored, no 
one has achieved greater distinction than Henry Winter Davis. As an orator 
in the Halls of (Congress during the dark and trying days of the Civil War, he 
was. unrivalled. He passed away whilst his brilliant gifts were yet shining 
with meridian splendor, in the forty-ninth xear of his age. He died a private 
citizen, and yet was honored by the Nation as few Americans have been hon- 
ored. Resolutions were adopted by those who had been associated with him 
in National legislation, and a day was set apart (February 22, ISfili) to com- 
memorate liis virtues in the presence of Senators, members of CJongress, the 
judges of the Supreme Court, and the Cabinet ol' the President of the United 
States. 

An oration was delivered by the Hon. John A. J. Cres\tell. Of the 
college days of the peerless orator, he spoke as follows : 

"He went to Kenyon College in Ohio in 1833. Kenyon was then in the 
iirst year of the presidency of Bishop McHvaine. It was the center of vast 
forests, broken only by occasional clearings, excepting along the lines of the 
National road, and tiie Ohio River and i(s navigable tributaries. In this 
wilderness of nature, but garden of letters, he remained, at first in the Gram- 
mar School and then in the College, until the 6th of September, 1837; when, 
at twenty years of age. he took his degree and diploma, decorated with one of 
the honorary orations of his class, on the great day of commencement. His 
subject was, 'Scholastic Philosophy.'' 

"At the end of the Freshman year, a change in the college terms gave 
him a vacation of three months. Instead of spending it in idleness, as he 
might Jiave dcmc, and as most boys would have done, he availed himself of 
this interval to pursue and complete the Sophomore year, to which he had 
already given some attention in his spare moments. At the opening of the 
next sessiiui, lie passed tlie examination for the Junior class. Fortunatelv, I 
June his dwn testimony and opinion as to this exploit, and I give them in his 
own language : 

•"It was a pretty sharp trial of resolution and dogged diligence, but it 
saved me a year of college, and indurated my powers of study and mental 
culture into a habit, and perhaps enabled me to stay long enough to graduate. 
1 do not recommend the example tf) those who are independently situated, jbr 



232 KENYON COLLEGE. 



learning nuist fall like the rain in such gentle showers as to sink in if it is to 
be fruitful; when poured on the richest soil in torrents, it not only runs oft' 
M'ithout strengthening vegetation, but washes away the soil itself.'- 

"His college life was laborious and successful. The regular studies were 
prosecuted with diligence, and from them he derived great profit, not merely 
in knowledge, but what is of vastly more account, the habit and power of 
mental labor. These studies were wrought into his mind and made part of the 
intellect Lial substance by the vigorous collisions of the societies in which he 
delighted. For these mimic conflicts he prepared assiduously, not in writing, 
but always with a carefully deduced logical analysis and arrangement of the 
thoughts to be developed in "the order of argument, with a brief note of any 
quotation, or image, or illustration, on the margin at the appropriate place. 
From that brief he spoke. And this was his only method of preparation for 
all the great conflicts in which lie took part in aftei- life. He never wrote out 
his speeches beforehand. 

'•Speaking of his feelings at the end of his college life, he sadly said : 

"'My father's death had embittered the last days of the year 1836, and 
leit me without. a counsellor. I knew something of books, nothing of men, 
and I went forth like Adam among the wild beasts of the unknown wilder- 
ness of the world. My father had dedicated me to the ministry, but the day 
had gone when sucli dedications determined the lives of young men. Theol- 
ogy, as a grave topic of historic and metaphysical investigation, I delighted to 
pursue; but for the ministry I had no calling. I would have been idle if I 
could, for I had no ambition; but I had no Ibrtune, and I could not beg or 
starve.' 

''All who were acquainted with his temperament can well imagine what 
a gloomy prospect the future presented to him, when its contemplation wrung 
from his stoical taciturnity that touching confession. 

"The truth is, that from the time he entered college he was continually 
cramped for want of money. The negroes ate everything that was produced 
on the farm i"h Anne Arundel, a gastronomic feat which they could easily 
accomplish, without ever having cause to comj)lain of a surfeit. His aunt, 
herself in limited circumstances, by a careful husbandry of her means, man- 
aged to keep him at college. Kenyon was then a manual-labor institution, 
and the boys were required to sweep their own rooms, make their own beds 
and fires, bring their own water, black their own boots, if they ever were 
blacked, and take an occasional turn at grubbing in tlie fields or working on 
the roads. There was no royal road to learning knowji at Kenyon in those 
days. Through all this Henry Winter Davis passed, bearing his part man- 
fully ; and knowing how heavily he taxed the slender purse of iiis aunt, he 



KENYON COLLEGE. 233 



denied himself with such rigor that he succeeded, incredible as it may appear, 
in bringing his total expenses, including boarding and tuition, witliin the 
sum of eighty dollars per annum. 

" His father left an estate consisting only of some slaves, which were 
equally apportioned between himself and sister. Frequent applications were 
made to purchase his slaves, but he never could be induced to sell them, 
although the proceeds would have enabled him to pursue his studies with ease 
and comfort. He rather sought and obtained a tutorship, and for two years 
he devoted to law and letters only the time he could rescue from its drudgery. 
In a letter, written in April, 1839, replying to the request of a relative wlio 
ollered to purchase his slave Sallie, subject to his father's will, which manu- 
mitted her if she would go to Liberia, he said: 'But il' she is under my 
control' (he did not know that she had been set to his share), ' I will mit ron- 
sent to tlic K((l(\ Ihdugh Ik- wishes to purchase her subject lo llie will.' ^\ii(l 
so Sallie was not sold, and Henry Winter Davis, the tutor, toiled on and 
waited. He never would hold any of his slaves under his authority, never 
would accept a cent of their wages, and tendered each and all of them a deed 
of absolute manumission whenever the law would allow. Tell me, was that 
man sincere in his opposition to slavery? How many of those who have since 
charged him with being selfish and reckless in his advocacy of emancipation 
would have shown equal devotion to principle? Not one; not one. Ah I the 
man who works and sutlers for his opinions' sake places his own llesh and 
blood in pledge for his integrity." 

Under date of August 20, 1890, a college friend writes of Mr. Davis : " I 
remember him at this distance as a splendid specimen of youthful humanity. 
He was a man of fine physique — tall, straight, well proportioned, of dignified 
carriage, with handsome features, and an intellectual head. He had a vigor- 
ous intellect, was an energetic and popular speaker, and was reckoned among 
the very best, if not the best, debater on the Hill. He was at that time a 
young man of great jjromise, and his subsequent success may be said to have 
been foreshadowed l)y his brilliant career as a student." 

Under date of September 3, 1890, the Rev. C^harles Edward Douglass 
writes from Brighton, England: "Am I, indeed, the only living graduate of 
the class of 1K37 of Kenyon College! There was, as you say, Henry Winter 
Davis. I remember with M'hat dexterity and swiftness he used to make his 
axe fiy about when he took his turn at the wood jiil'e. For he was distin- 
guished not less in this way than in intellectual acquirements, in his chess- 
playing, and in tiiat oratory which raised him to eminence, and whose keen 
edge I have myself felt in college disputations. How pleased I was to see his 
clean cut and massive face represented lately in "The Century," as an illus- 
tration of the life of Lincoln. And he is gone! Some of our number were 



234 KENYON COLLEGE. 



the victims of deplorable accidents. There was the gentle and gifted Gassa- 
way, our Greek Orator, and our Laureate, so cruelly snatched away from his 
Christian work and many friends by a boiler explosion on the Mississippi." 

The Rev. Stephen Gritfith Gassaway, thus referred to, was not only the 
classmate, but the familiar friend and room-mate of Henry Winter Davis. 
They were kindred spirits — intelligent, able, cultured, bi-ave. How comfort- 
ing the thought that in the larger and fuller life of the "better country," 
whither they have gone, there is " no more death," and that the work of bless- 
ing and helping others can be done there eternally. 



Some (Bambier KecoIIcctions by "Rev. (Bco. B. Sturgcs 



New Albany, Ind., September 17, 1890. 
Jiev. Wm. B. Bodine., D. D.^ Gamhier, Ohio: 

My Dear Doctor — Your letter of first inst., forwarded from Fernandina, 
Florida, was received on the 8tli and I have since been waiting for strength 
to reply, and trying to recall to mind something of Gambler, the College, and 
the Divinity School, as they were from fitty to sixty years ago. But my life 
since has been mostly that of a missionary, and the scenes and circumstances 
through which I have passed have been so varied and trying — often so sad, 
and always so absorbing, as almost to obliterate from my memory incidents 
and associates of my years of preparation for my life work. Besides, I am 
eighty years old — an age at which memory fails in most of those who live so 
long — even as the eye dims, and the ear becomes dull of hearing, and the 
hand palsies. In all these respects I am not at all singular. 

I theretbre beg that you will not expect too much of me. But I am glad 
that you are going to publish " a Kenyon book," for I think that readers will 
then be able to see Kenyon as it was, and appreciate it as it is. And I feel 
honored in being called upon to contribute a mite of matter to aid you in j'our 
good work. Gladly will I give you what I can recollect; and 1 will be grati- 
.lied if you can use any of it. 

When I arrived at " The Hill," in the year 1&82, 1 Ibund Gambier literally 
" a hamlet in the wilderness," a few houses in the midst of a domain of large 
forest trees. There was the main, or center, section of the College — the wings 
were built two years later. There were seven professors' houses ; one of stone, 
three of brick, and the others of wood, and a small wooden cottage, occupied 
by the Bishop (McHvaine). .Besides these, there were four wooden buildings 
at the corners, near the old well ; two of which were occupied by Grammar 



KENYON COLLEGE. 235 



School students, one used as a boardinj; liouse, and tlie other one was tlie 
liotel. Also several small dwellings east of the well, some of them built of 
rough logs, one of which was the first Gambler home of Bishop Chase. The 
college barn, where the students were permitted to get straw i'or their beds, 
was a large frame structure, standing, perhaps, forty rods east of the well. A 
little southeast of the site now' covered by the Church of the Holy Spirit, stood 
the "Old Tith," so called because'of its peculiar structure. It was unique in 
its external appearance, and in its internal arrangement, as well as in tiie 
variety of its utility. It was the Junior Grammar School, and boarding house, 
with dormitory, school room, etc.; also the College Chapel and Parish Church; 
liie only place for public worship on the Hill. There Heman Dyer, who was 
Principal of the Junior Grammar School, taught and boarded all his boys. 
There we attended college prayers daily, morning and evening; and here, too, 
we read our essays and received our elocutionary training. Here the Bishop 
gave his Thursday evening lectures, and the Sunday services and preaching 
were all here. It was a wonderfully useful and necessary building in its time. 
But soon, I cannot give dates, Rosse Chapel was built, and then Milnor Hall, 
and the " Old 74 " was vacated. It was aiterward occupied, ibr a brief period, 
l)y the college farmer, who, after receiving instructions of its unsafety from 
some unnameable boys, removed, and one still, dark night, shortly after, liie 
Old 74 mysteriously took tire — and, as it was old and dry, it burned all up. 
It was very unsightly, and being no longer needed for college and church pur- 
poses, had come to be regarded as a sort of nuisance, and nobody mourned its 
destruction. 

During my Divinity course, from 1S;!(! lo lS3!t, our Proiessors were liishoj) 
Mcllvaine. Dr. Sparrow, Dr. Wing, Dr. .Muenscher, and, in the last year. Dr. 
Colton. 

The Seminary had no local habitation, and the students had to room 
wherever they could get quarters, and we recited wherever our Professors 
appointed — sometimes in the Professor's study, and sometimes in a vacant 
room in one of the houses in which several of us roomed. In these regards 
we were at some disadvantage, and sull'ered some lack of comfoi't, and some 
irregularity. But we had able and kind instructors, and were content. I 
doubt whether there has since been a set of students passed through the 
Divinity course there with so much harmony and true brotherly esteem and 
contideiice among themselves, and towards their proiessors. as those of my 
time. With the dear old Bishop in Polity, and Dr. Sparrow in Divinity, and 
Dr. Muenscher in Hebrew and Exegesis, and good Dr. Wing in Church History, 
we felt that we were highly favored, though sullering privations of which the 
Divinity students of Gambier since the erection and furnishing of Bexley 
Hall have known nothing. 



236 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Students' expenses were comparatively small in those early days. Board 
was the principal item of expense, and that, per week, ranged at from fifty 
cents, in '' Commons," to one dollar at private houses, and only one dollar and 
a half at the hotel. But at " College Commons " the provision was so indiff- 
erent in quality, and so scant in quantity, that the students rebelled; and 
Capt. Whitney had to throw up his contract, and " Commons" became a thing 
of the past. 

College bills were very low, and Professors' salaries correspondingly low. 
Everything was on the cheap scale. But the educational standard was con- 
sidered high, and Professors and students lived economically and worked hard. 

I am, my dear Doctor, yours in the best of bonds, 

GEO. B. STDRGES. 



CLt]e Days of prcsibcnt Douglass anb professor Koss 



From the Kenyon Advance, January, 1880 ] 

Reminiscences, like wine, grow rich and mellow Avith age. Recollections 
of long ago are enriched by the toning down of time, as the gray old 
cathedrals, when vine clad or moss covered, losing their roughness are more 
picturesque and grand. But as all stories flavor of the teller's fervor, they 
must be received with kindly allowances, or the narrator will grow timid. 

I am a '46 man; carried olie of the honors of my class on my going to 
Milnor Hall in 1839, and was cotemporaneous with the last term of the Dr. 
Sparrow dynasty, and with the installation of President Major Douglass, and 
of Lieutenant Ross as Professor of Mathematics. The latter was my College 
patron — in fact, I was a member of his family, of which I have the most 
charming remembrances. By the recital of army associations and habits, the 
table hour was made a period of unalloyed happiness. At that time the 
utmost freedom was encouraged in conversation, and the dainty dishes his 
good wife knew of caused many a iellow outside to ibrget that commandment 
referring to covetousness. 

It is of the old Professor I would speak. His tall, grenadier Ibrm, 
wrapped in blue cloak with scarlet lining, was a sight for a picture; and as he 
measured his steps, "just thirty-three inches, sir," and gave a military salute, 
with a cheery "good morning" to every passer-by, not a man but- that ielt 
prouder for the meeting. 

He lived in the first house immediately to the right of the College, more 
recentlv Prof. Trimble's. 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 237 



The "Czar," President Doiijilass, ofcupied the one now the liome of 
Professor Tappan. The grounds thereabouts had not reached the dignity of 
the "campus." The beautiful lines of Ascension Hall had not added to its. 
attractions. "The Church of the Holy Spirit" was undreamt of. services 
being conducted at Rosse Chapel. Immediately opposite this latter building 
was a monstrous i'rame structure about 150 feet wide, three stories high — 
liearing the eccentric name of "The Old 74," from its resemblance to the 
liouses built over men of war for protection. Tiiese two were the only public 
liuildings in the "grove." A dirt path ran at pleasure about midway between 
the President's and Professor's houses, and thence, as worn by the sluggard, 
straight to the door of the prayer room in the basement of Rosse C'hapel, and 
again zigzag under tiie row of maples to the village. 

To President Douglass is cre<lited the tirst ellort intluencing the improve- 
ment of the College grounds. Prior to these, piles of dirt, wood, ashes, 
enlivened l)y old boots and crockery, distinguished Kenyon as a rentable 
al)ode of utter slovenliness and neglect. Tlie path to tiie village was marked 
out by the industrious, indefatigable President, and most thoroughly made by 
tlie students (mark that). A careful examination will find it well underlaid 
with rough stone, liroken into useful size, and covered with a tliick coating 
of creek gravel. Those wonderful gate pillars, affecting liie j)rehistoric, 
marking the domain of the townsmen, speaking out in tones of thunder, 
"Thus far shalt thou go and no farther," were duly respected, and few townies 
ventured beyond except under the privilege of the Church. 

No one of the faculty remains. "Dead" stands opposite to all their 
names except that of " Professor " Johnnie Kendrick," Professor of Greek, 
more recently of Marietta College, but now retired from, the worry of life, 
enjoying a most Howery old age — only 76, as he says himself, and Treasurer 
Odiorne, living in Cincinnati. 

But few villagers, yea but few — Mr. and Mrs Sawyer, Mr. Putnam, John 
Waugh, and George Pearee, then shoemaker, now stage driver, are left. Ugh ! 
it almost brings a shiver to think of it, and at least a query, why am I left? 

The Mexican war, an event referred to in a liook almost forgotten and 
little taught, known as the History of the United States, occurred in the years 
lS4.5-()-7-8. The students of Kenyon were enrolled in the militia of Ohio as 
the "Kenyon Guards," were uniformed, equipped and drew arms from the 
State arsenal. Tlie institution put on airs a la militaire, and the drills 
weekly became the diversion of visitors. Professor Ross was Professor of 
Tactics. 

Jly classmate, John Adair McDowell, a General during the war of the 
rebellion, and now superintendent of construction at tiie new Custom House 
in Cliicago, was Ca])tain, and I had the honored post of Sergeant-Major of 



238 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



the battalion. So apt were the students in the drill that the College authori- 
ties were requested to make an exhibition drill on the fair grounds at Mt. 
Vernon, and from that sprang the ardor which enlisted the volunteer com- 
pany from Knox County, which gave General George W. Morgan his Colonelcy 
in the Third Regiment of Ohio Volunteers in the Mexican war. 

The Professor was a candidate for the Colonelcy of an Oliio Regiment, 
but, lacking political inlluence, was disapjwinted, as was I, who had been 
promised his Adjutant cy. Tlie excitement prevalent at the time promoted a 
feeling of unsettledness on his part, inclining him to a wider and larger field, 
and he successfully sought an appointment on the staff of the Academy of 
New York, and died in that city — respected by men of learning as a most 
ardent laborious student, whose highest delight was in imparting knowledge 
and contributing to the happiness and welfare of his family. 

Like most men of his profession, he died poor, and I give this in tribute 
to tlie memory of a valued friend and Professor, as a small effort to revive 
the memory of one of Kenyon's brightest ornaments, whose efforts in her 
behalf were earnest and loyal to her iiigh aims. 

The tone of our College was always creditable, and though many of the 
little episodes peculiar to College life occurred, no incident can I recall 
reflecting on the institution as dishonorable. I do not think any executive 
olficer ever had more comfort in his official administration, or more respect 
shown liim than President Bronson, successor of Major Douglass, nor was 
there ever one more kind in his government. His especial aim was the 
manly self-respect of the students, and the reputation of the institution fully 
sustained his claim for the confidence and esteem of the public. 

Those were primitive days. Each student carried water fi-om a well far 
down the hill, cut his own wood, made his bed, did his own scrubbing and 
mending, and yet had time for a good deal of amusements. The creek gave 
good fishing, the woods fine gunning, and many the grand fox run that woke 
up the boys. 

Still the s'tubborn debater, and intellectual toiler, with his dirty lard 
lamp was an important factor in the make up. Many names conspicuous in 
the history of our country, first answered present to a roll call at Kenyon. 
"Ponies" were unknown — it was square " heel and toe " or " flunk " — some 
have " flunk" opposite their names, but Kenyon boys can cry hurrah for the 
hoys of ye olden time. 

They were a sturdy, tough lot, true to their College and themselves. 

G. W. J. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 239 



3omc Kcminisccnccs of Stanley lllattl^ciri 



From an address to the Aluinin (if Kenyon t'oUcge, June 2S, 1880. | 

Forty ciiUeKiale yenrs iiave been rejiislered in llie amuils ol' our Alma 
Mater since tliere went IVoin her halls a class of nine. Six still survive. Each 
in his chosen and allotted sphere continues to carry on, from day to day, 
accofdiiiir to his al>ility and opportunity, his share and part in the work ol' the 
world; not, perhaps, with the hounding enthusiasm with which he set out 
upon tiie journey, does he make his daily stage, yet, I trust, still cheerily, 
steadily, and liravely trudging onward, with hardened muscle and unflagging 
resolution, hearing l)urdeiis of years, of care, of responsibility, perhaps of 
griefs and disappointments, upon backs a little bent, but with faces turned 
upward to the nearer skies. There is, perhaps, not one of these lives — it is 
true, possibly, of all human lives — that would not yield to the skill of literary 
art enough of light and shade and various human experience to furnish 
material for a romance; some of them have, no doubt, been acted epics, with 
examples of disinterested sacrifice, uncomplaining endurance, and lofty hero- 
ism, tit lor a ]ioefs theme. Two have labored as Christian missionaries in far 
otf China, where one still abides to teach the supercilious wisdom of that 
ancient civilization where and how to find that knowledge which is the light 
and life of the world. Another, a born Greek, with the inherited keenness and 
vivacity of his race, is administrator of one of the great educational charities 
of our metropolitan City of New York. Some iiave laid aside- their burdens 
and found their rest; and others wait Init tf) hand their names and places to 
those who, in the order of nature, are to succeed to them. It is the familiar 
story of ten thousand lives, which can never grow stale or common, but to 
every human soul has the ever present and treinendous significance of its own 
destiny. 

After the lapse of these years, what a sober pleasure it is to revisit "these 
scenes and to revive their associations! For myself, I can truly say that some 
of my most delightful recollections are those of my college life; some of the 
most fruitfid and valuable instruction and discipline of my life spring from its 
experiences; some of the most permanent and valued friendships I have ever 
formed began here in college days. Such, I doubt not, would be the testimony 
of others, if not of most. 1 regard the training and associations of a well 
governed college as conducive to the best development of all the high quali- 
ties that constitute true manliness; and a manhood thus formed not only will 
not lie apt to forget the experiences and associations of its boyhood and youth. 



240 KENYON COLLEGE. 



but will to the last retain their flavor and freshness. And hapi^y is the man 
that is able to remember with satisfaction and enjoyment, in the midst of 
present cares and troubles, the days and pleasures of his spring time ! 

But what changes have taken place in the lapse of these forty years! 
Within that period, the railroad system of the country has sprung into 
existence. I rode from Cincinnati to Gambier and back, at the beginning and 
close of the college terms, in the stage coach of the day, consuming two days 
and nearly two' nights at each trip; and on the 4th of July, 1847 — seven years 
after graduation, — I was present at the Eiver and Harbor Convention at Chi- 
cago, where I heard Edward Bates, then a lawyer of distinction of the St. Louis 
Bar, afterward Attorney-General under Mr. Lincoln, declare in a public 
speech, which brought him great reputation, that he had not then ever seen a 
railroad ! He could not, and did not, see one at Chicago then. Now a con- 
tinuous rail crosses the continent, and connects the Atlantic with the Pacitic 
Ocean. Add to the railroad the ocean.steamship, the electric telegraph, and 
the improved machinery in every department of productive industry, and we 
can understand how the English speaking race has overrun the American con- 
tinent, colonized the immense islands of the southern seas, reclaimed South 
Africa, revives the youth and fertility of Egypt, gives new life to the dead 
civilization of Asia, has brought Japan within the circle of international law, 
and penetrates the barriers of Chinese obstinacy. 



Ct]c (SontroDcrsies of (859-^0 



Concerning these controversies, Bishop Mcllvaine wrote, in a letter to his 
mother October S, 1839. (see Memorials by Canon Carus, p. 123): "I caused 
certain matters at the College which have given me trouble for three years, 
somewhat of the kind that drove Bishop Chase away {jealous Professors)^ 
to be» brought' before the Convention, and had them well settled by the 
Diocese, who had no idea of letting two or three men disturb the peace of 
their Bishop. This will sufficiently explain an account of the Convention by 

an Ohio Churchman in the last Ohserver. E has wanted me to bring it to 

a crisis long ago, tor she is not quite so confiding in men's professions as I am, 
and a little more wise, perhaps, in being sometimes more belligerent. My too 
strong aversion to hurt feelings and break peace, sometimes too much restrains 
my no fear' disposition when convinced that the time to war has come. I 
praise myself in this, perhaps, too much, but it is to my dear mother, so never 
mind. I become a bov when I write to you.'' 



KENYON COLLEGE. 241 



Concerning the same controversies, President Douglass afterwards wrote 
(see Further Statenient. pp. (!»), (u): "I supjtose it will not be denied — it 
was a lact very notorious at tiie lime — liial lur some years prior to 1839-40, 
tliere had lieen a division of seiilimcul, a parly feeling, gradually growing 
ui> on tiie hill at (iamhier and in llu' Diocese of Ohio, against Hishop 
Mcllvaine; thai tiiis o])])osilion railie(l nmier Ihe n;iine of Dr. Sparrow 
(embracing pretty nearly Ihe same elements llial lia<l lieen opposed lo msliop 
Chase), and that, somewiiere about the date lirst mentioned, il hail iiecome so 
formidable as to have made it a practical question ir/uc/i xIkhiIiI prevail. 
The collision in the Board of 'I'rustees, noticed in a I'ormer pari of I his letter, 
viz., with regard to the powers of tiie I'residenl (of liie P>o;inl ) and the 
discretionary functions of tiie Prudential Cominitfee, were a ])art of this 
controversy. And in the Convention of the same year (1S3!I) at Steulienville, 
the whole malter was l)rought to a ilirect issue l)y the ISisliop himself. (He 
had no alternative, as he distinctly informed me, hut to \n\\ down that opposi- 
tion, or quit the Diocese.) 

"The points specifically presented for debate were certain amendments 
in the Constitution of the Theological Seminary. First, to exclude all officers 
of the Seminary or any institution anne.xed thereto (virtually Dr. Sparrow 
and his friends) from seats in the Board of Trustees. Secondly, to vest the 
power of the Prudential Committee permanently in the Bishoj), putting an 
end to all antagonism from that quarter. And, finally, to annex, pro fot'nui^ 
a College (which had already been annexed, endowed, and in full operation 
for thirteen years) with a separate Facuilty and President to be nominated by 
the I-)isho]) (another exclusion to Dr. Sparrow). The Convention was a small 
one, but a favorable report having been olilained Irnin a Commilti'e of Kefer- 
ence, the measures were eventually carrie<l with some inodilicatioiis. The 
|)arly question, however, was not considered as settled till the Conv(>nlioii of 
1S4(). The steps which were taken to insure a ]u-eponderance in that Conven- 
tion it is not necessary now to particularize. The Bishop was still doulilful 
of the result when he visited New York and Brooklyn in the sumnier of that 
year, and spoke determinately to me and others of his intention to resign in 
case he should be out-voted. He was not out-voted, however; the question 
was settled in his lavor, and the results wei-e decisive, to wit : .\ " new Board 
and a right Board" of Trustees, an entire \w\\ Faculty in the (College, a 
President, /(()/ Dr. Span-ow. the resignation of the latter, and others of llu- 
Professors and officers; changes in the headship of botli tirainmar Schools, a, 
change in the agency, and generally the ilis]ilacement by sonie means of every 
ollicer who had been at all prominent in the late opposition e.\c(q)l Mr. Wing." 

As to these troublous days Dr. Dyer writes: •■Somelime liefore leaving 
Ohio it had l)ecome evident that troubles were growing up somewhat similar 



242 KENYON COLLEGE. 



to those which had occiuTed in Bishop Chase's day. There was a coiiHict 
between the Bishop and the College authorities. I Ibresaw what would take 
place and left. I had had enough of such things. The year after I leit 
Gambier these troubles culminated, and the result was an almost entire 
change in the management of the institution. Some of the Proi'essors were 
removed, and some resigned. Among llie latter was Dr. Sparrow. He was 
invited to the A^irginia Seminary and went. For some reason the change did 
not work well. Disaffection sprang up, students fell off,'and contidence was 
fast waning. One day 1 was surprised to receive a letter from Bishop 
Mcllvaine, in which he said he wished to see me, and if convenient to my 
family he woxild be glad to spend a few days with me. I responded at once, 
by giving him a cordial invitation to come. He came. AVe talked, and in 
our talks the object of the visit was made to appear. No matter what the 
Bishop said or how he said it. He earnestly desired to secure the return of 
Dr. Sparrow to Gambier. He bore himself through all our talks like tiie 
noble man he was. Mistakes had been made; he took his full share of respon- 
sibility. And now he was anxious and ready to do all he could to bi'ing back 
Dr. Sparrow, and thus repair, as far as practicable, the injury which had been 
done to the Institution. I entered fully into the Bishop's idea, and measures 
were taken to bring al)out the desired result. While they were not successful, 
I can say, in full knowledge of the facts, tliat nothing could have been more 
complimentaiy to Dr. Sparrow. No testimony to his matchless worth as an 
instructor, or the devotion to him as a man, could have been stronger than was 
borne by the clergy and people of Ohio. And I may add, nothing could have 
been more Christian, more self-sacrificing, and more noble, than was the bear- 
ing and conduct of Bishop Mcllvaine through it all. I say this much in justice 
to all the parties concerned. I might say much more, but the mantle of 
silence, like that of charity, covers a multitude of things which may as well 
be unknown.'' 

Under date of June 1, 1890, Dr. Dyei- writes again: "On leaving Pitts- 
burgh for Philadelphia, I ibund my furniture," books, letters, and papers, so 
saturated and begrimmed by coal-smoke and dust that I disposed of the furni- 
ture for a poor song, gave away the books, and made quite a blaze with the 
letters and papers. The consequence is, I have nothing with which to refresh 
ray memory as to many things which took, place more than forty years ago. 
But some things I do know. I was in Gambier during all the trouble between 
Bishop Chase and the Faculty of the Institution, between the Bishop and the 
Trustees, and between the Bishop and the Convention. I know that the cause 
of the troubles originated in the divided powers and responsibilities of the 
governing authorities at Gambier. The Bishop claimed supreme authority as 
Bishop, for, by virtue of his Episcopal office, he was President. The Faculty 



KENYON COLLEGE. 248 



protested. The Trustees and the Convention tried to harmonize matters l)y a 
system of l)y laws. In due time, the culmination came with a vengeance. 

"Bishop Mcllvaine succeeded Bishop Chase, and another experience of a 
similar character followed in ten or twelve years — in some respects worse and 
more far reaching than the former. In 1840, I left (iambier and went to Pitts- 
l)urgh. Not long after, great changes took place in the Institutions. But 
things didn't work smoothly or well. I thiuk it was in 1843 — perhaps '44 — I 
received a letter from Bishop Mcllvaine in which he said he wished to talk 
over some matters with me, and, if convenient to me and my family, he would 
like to spend a day or two at my house. Soon ai'ter he came. The whole 
o))ject of his visit was to talk about the sad condition of the Institutions at 
Gambier. lie spoke freely of his many and great disappointments, of the 
mistakes which had l)een made, and his desire to correct them as far as possi- 
ble. He was particularly anxious to have" Dr. Sparrow return to the Institu- 
tions, and in that connection he said he would retire from Gambier, and that 
the Doctor should be in full charge with full authority as to the administration 
of the Institutions. He asked me to write Dr. Sparrow, and see him, if possi- 
ble, and urge him to return. I both wrote and saw him. While he was 
greatly pleased, he thought he could not honorably leave Virginia after what 
Bishop Meade and others had done for him and his family. Bishop Mcllvaine 
wrote him in the kindest terms, but without avail, except that they became 
the warmest of friends, aTid continued such to the end. A good deal was said 
by the Bishop while at my house which I cannot and ought not to write. 

"These two experiences in the cases of Bishop Chase and Bislioj) Mcll- 
vaine ought to satisfy all parties in Ohio, and outside, that a divided authority, 
])articularly in the management of institutions of learning, is a very uncertain 
and unsafe affair."' 



I>is\mssa{ of pre5i6cnt I^ouglass. 



Into the painful controversy connected with this action, it is not worth 
while to enter. The whole story is told in three pamphlets, aggregating 156 
closely printed pages. Much of the controversy is personal as between Presi- 
dent Douglass and Bishop Mcllvaiue. But President Douglass claimed that 
higiier questions were involved, to wit : "The essential nature of the endow- 
ment at Gambier; the due and proper conservation of that endowment as a 
means of liberal education and as a property of thi- C/iurrli without endanger- 
ing hoth by the union of unlimited fotijuiral jxiHwr with that which is, in its 



244: KENYON COLLEGE. 



nature, jure clivino; these and, to some extent, the constitution and adminis- 
tration of educational trusts generally." 

The Rev. Dr. Smallwood touches the underlining difficulty when he states 
that, when he left home to meet the Board of Trustees, " he felt a serious 
apprehension of a decided and painful collision between President Douglass 
and the Board, and that this apprehension was not derived from any commu- 
nication with Bishop Mcllvaine or persons drawing their information in any 
way from him but was founded on the evidences which had fallen under his 
notice, at the Diocesan Conventions of 1842 and 1843, of tlie President's dis- 
contents and restlessness in regard to his authority, on which subject he per- 
severingly urged claims that could not be admitted in view of the deliberate 
decision of the Convention of 1839." President Douglass declares that before 
he came to Gambler, in Bishop Mcllvaine's communications with him, nothing 
could exceed the largeness and liberality of the Bishop's assurances; "the 
powers of the Presidency were to be most full and ample, without any fear 
of undue interference in the academic administration of the College from the 
Board or any body else. It was to be really, as in any other case, a Presl- 
rleiicyy But, after he came to (iJambier, he found that the office he was called 
to fill was "a Clerkship rather than a Presidency." 

One interview between these men who had been, for many years, intimate 
and devoted friends, is thus chronicled : "He (the Bishop) was in a state of 
excitement when I went in. All his answers wore testy and impatient — the 
answers- of an angry, unreasonable man, and I changed the course of my 
remarks once or twice to avoid his angry mood. We were talking of matters 
perfectly indifferent Avhen he branched off into an invidious parallel between 
his labors and mine. I still answered nothing except to acknowledge the 
greatness of his labors, and to express my willingness to aid him if in my 
power to do so, to which he replied with the insulting sneer, as heretofore 
stated. When I was about leaving the room, he said, in a loud, authoritative 
tone. ' 1 want to know, Sir, what it is you are grumbling about. I can fight it 
out now as well as at anytime.' I disclaimed having anything to fight out., 
and he proceeded with increased vehemence: ' You want to be independent, 
I understand; but I'll let you know I am President over every part and parcel 
of the College, the same as over the Seminary.' Pestered at lengtli out of 
patience, and greatly surprised at this new assumption of power, I turned 
upon him and replied: 'I was not appointed. Sir, with any such understand- 
ing, and I never will recognize you in that character.' I conceded almost 
everything, however, in the subsequent interview." 

Other considerations, also, no doubt, influenced the Trustees in their 
action. Dr. Smallwood says that "from personal acquaintance and from facts 
gathered, from time to time, in different places, but away from Gambler, and 



KENYON COLLEGE. 245 



lioiii sources uninfluenced by Bislidj) Mcllviiine. he had become aware of 
I'lvsidenl Douglass's unfitness for a successlul aduiinistration of the College, 
and, tlierefore, was satisfied that, "if lie sliould press his claims, he would only 
slarl the lurther question whether it was expedient to retain him in the Presi- 
dency, and that the result of that question wonhl lie his fall.^ 

Tlie resignation of President Douglass was requested by the Board. He 
replied in a letter which concluded as follows: '"Conscious, as I am, of entire 
rectitude in tlie performance of my duties; of sincere and unhesitating devo- 
tion of iieart and soul to the interests of Kenyon Collepe, which no one can 
deny has greatly improved under my administration; certain, 1 may add also, 
of having the love and esteem of a large portion of those under my charge, 
nearly hali' ol' them being my clients by their own voluntary choice, I cannot 
consent to give up the high ground on which I feel that I am standing by tlie 
tender of my resignation. The Board may pass an ostracism upon me — be 
it sol Willi a firm and reverent reliance upon that Providence which has 
covered my head in the day of battle, I shall endeavor to meet and bear the 
blfiw; but I will nevev cease 1o protest against it as an act of jiagrant mieltji, 
i/ijustice, and oppression." 

The final action of the Board was as follows: 

" Whekeas, President Douglass, for reasons specified to hiin, has been 
requested by this Board to resign his office as President and Professor in Ken- 
yon College; and, 

"Whereas, He has declined to do so; tlierefore, 

'"Besolved, That the connection of D. B. Douglass, LL. D., with Kenyon 
College, as President and Professor thereof, be and the same is hereby dis- 
solved."' 

The following complimentary resolution was also passed: 

'^ Ji'esoh'ed, That, in the opinion of this Board, President D. B. Douglass, 
LL. D.. has ever bestowed his best endeavors to promote the interests of the 
Institution over which he presides; and that, as a Board of Trustees, we enter- 
tain for him a high regard as a gentleman of integrity and moral worth." 

President Douglass was a Professor at West Point whilst Bishop Mcllvaine 
was Ciiaplaiu. The two men became bosom friends. When the Bishop re- 
moved to Oiiio, he besought Major Douglass to accompany him, and was not 
content for years until he came. For a while all went well. But this contro- 
versy came, and with it misunderstanding, estrangement, enmity. In partial 
explanation thereof. President Douglass quoted the following lines: 

"I will be hanged if some eternal villian, 
Some busy and insinuating rogue, 
Some cogging, cozening slave, to get some office, 
Have not devised tbis slander " 



2-1:6 KENYON COLLEGE. 



part of PalcNctory ©ration of Kutl^crforb 3. f?ayes 



In the "Further Statement'' of President Douglass, an extract is given 
frona the valedictory oration of 1842, which was delivered by one of Kenyon's 
now lamous sons. He said : 

"President Douglass, our relations with you have been so peculiar and 
interesting that we cannot depart without some faint expression of our thank- 
lulness for the friendly manner in which you have uniformly treated us, and a 
public avowal of our high esteem for your character, and attachment to your 
person. During the eighteen months that you have presided over the desti- 
nies of this Institution, we have daily met you on terms of i'amiliarity and 
confidence not often accorded to the pupil by his instructor. We are sensible 
that it has been your earnest desire to render our intercourse with you not 
merely instructive, but pleasant and improving. We have not been cold 
observers of your constant attention to our convenience and comfort, nor 
uninterested spectators of your exertions to add to our means of enjoyment 
by improving the natural advantages and beauties for which this place is dis- 
tinguished. 

" But I need not enumerate the labors nor speak of tiiose traits of charac- 
ter which have won our affectionate regard. It is enough to say that we have 
never donbted the goodness of your intentions, but iiave at all times been con- 
fident that your aim was our welfare. Witli this estimate of your worth, we 
now leave the scene of your instructions; and wiierever our lots shall l)e cast, 
there you may look for those who are ready and willing to do all tiiat in them 
lies to defend your reputation and secure your happiness. P^arewell !'' 



The question is often asked. Who made Greenwood Cemetery. It was 
Major David Bates Douglass, of Pompton, N. J., a graduate of Yale College 
and of West Point, and a fine engineer. He married the daughter of Major 
Andrew Ellicott, who surveyed the boundaries of nearly all the old States. 
He also constructed the inclined planes on the Morris Canal, one of Avhich 
was more than one thousand feet long and of seventy feet height. He was 
one of the authors of the Croton Aqueduct, and lie began to lay out Green- 
wood Cemetery in 1837, having obseiwed its beauty and availability while 
surveying the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad several years before. There 
had been 4-eceived in this cemetery by sale of these lots more than 15,000,000 
about ten years ago. Major Douglass's body lies in the necropolis near the 
cemetery gate. He died at Geneva, N. Y., and for three years he was the 
President of Kenyon, College, Ohio. — A^ew York Tribune, January, 1883. 



KKNYON (JOLLKGE. '241 



profibcnt l^ronson's ct5inini5tration 



HY IKiN, M. M. (lliAN(;i':K, LL. I)., 'nO. 



I i'iil('rc(l l\cnyi)ii as a l''r<'sliiiiaii ( Jclnhcr <!, ls](i, and irrailuatt'il Aiif;us( 
7. IS")!). 'riics(» dales indicaU' tliat collejie adniinistralioii tlieii dillered iniu-li 
li-Diii colic;;!' adiiiiiiislraticiii ikiw. 'J'lie year of study hec/ari aCler summer's 
heal was all tzoiic, ami cdiiliiiued llirouj;!! tlie following July. Admitlinji; tliat 
i;ciicral (jpiiiimi favdrs I lie |)resent pi'aclice, it seems lo Tue llial our elders 
were wise when lhc\- did mil allcinpl, in (lur lalilnde. Id lic</iii sludy amid 
Sei)lenilicr"s heal, and sel apail the lasl I wo warm iiioni hs for I he long vacation 
inslead of I he I wo middle ones. 

My loin- years al (iambier were very liaj)j)y ones, Iml lini(> and space will 
only perniil an oulline skelidi of llie then adniinist i-at ion. The ('(dlejie 
l'"acnll\ consisted ot Rev. Siierlock Anson Hronson, I). 1)., President; Ale.x- 
ander Forbes Dobii, I.alin and (ireek; Kdward C. lios.s, Mathemalics; Homer 
L. 'I'lirall. M. D., Chemistry, etc. The (Jrammar School was divided into 
Senior and .Iniiior Departments. Students in the former roomed in the east 
wing of the C'ollege. Those of them taking what was called "the irregular 
college course,"' recited with college classes. Benjamin Locke Lang was Prin- 
ci]ial of this school, while Rev. Norman Badger conducted the Junior Gram- 
mar Scdiool at Milner Hall. There was one tutor in the (College. Two College, 
or Seminary, students acted as "Assistants" to Mr. Badger. The Rev. Drs. 
Thomas M. Smith and M. T. ('. Wing, with Bishop McHvaine as President, 
and Rev. Dr. Hi-onson as Instructor in llclirew, constituted the Theological 
Faculty in chai'ge of Bexley Hall. Later in my course, Rev. Dr. J. T. Brooke 
Ijecanic Professor of Rhetoric in Kenyon, tilling at the same lime a chair in 
Be.xley: and. in 1S4!>, the Rev. ( ieorge Denison succeeded Professor Ross in 
the ( 'hair of Mathematics. 

( )n our way from Mt. Vernon to Gambier, that October forenoon, we met 
Hislio|i Mcllvaine en route for Cincinnati, he then changing the Episcopal 
residence from Harcourt Place to (jlifton. So that college year was the first 
without a Bisho]) of Ohio resident "on the hill." 

An oulline of a college day in tliat October will help to show how great 
has been the change in routine since is-l(i. At fii'JO a. .m., the college bell 
began to ring, and kept al it for ten minutes. Some welLknown strokes 
'■tolled" when the ringing was half doiu\ The laggai-d student usually 
wailed for that sigiuil, sprang from his beil, and by rapid work was inside the 
dooi- to the ••chap(d room " in t lie liascnicnl of t he east wing liefoi-e A. B. firay 



24:8 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



or George E. Tlirall began to call the roll, and so escaped a mark for "absence 
from prayers." By 7 o'clock "college morning prayer" (usually read by Dr. 
Bronson) was over, and the students were at tiie hotel or boarding houses 
ready ibr breaki'ast. Recitation hours began at 8 (dinner intermission 12 to 
2), and continued from 2 until 5. From 5 until (> or 6:30 was "supper inter- 
mission"; then came college evening prayers in the same basement chapel, 
tbllowed by "study hours" until 9 v. Ji. Between 9 and 10 every room was 
visited by a tutor, or some other member of the Faculty, and absentees noted. 
On Sundays, besides the " college prayers," students were required to attend 
morning and evening prayer (with sermon) in Rosse Chapel (now Rosse 
Hall), at 10:30 and at 3. 

To show how a Professor in those days worked, let nie outline one of Rev. 
Mr. Dobb's weeks, in my Freshman year. Tuesdays and Fiidays, five hours 
Latin and Greek; I\Iondays and Thursdays, four hours Latin and Greek; 
"Wednesdays and Saturdays, three hours Latin and Greek. On Saturday 
evenings, he lectured to a Bible class, which was popular, a large number of 
students and Hill people attending. He also did much writing as one of the 
editors oi' The Western J^piscopalian, the Diocesan paper, then published at 
Gambler. Part of the time he was Rector of the Parish, and preached every 
Sunday morning. Part of the time he acted as "Missionary in Charge" of St. 
Matthews, Perry (some thirteen miles from Gambler), in Coshocton County, 
driving there and back once a month. 

President Bronson was also a steady worker. Besides his administrative 
duties (which included the College morning and evening prayers), he acted as 
"Lorillard and Wolfe Professor" of Philosopliy, etc.; as Professor of Rhetoric 
when that chair was vacant; as Listructor in Hebrew in Bexley Hall; 
preached in regular turn at Rosse Chapel; acted as Missionary in charge of 
the Parish at Utica, in Licking County; and wrote his lull siiare as one of the 
editors of the Diocesan paper. Moreover, although his salary as President 
was less than one-third as large as that of the incumbents for the greater part 
of the time since 1855, he donated each year a material part of it to the Col- 
lege because 'of its then financial stress. When he entered upon the Presi- 
dency, Kenyon was " land poor." It owned some four thousand acres of land 
in and around Gambler, but no professorships were endowed except the 
"Lorillard and Wolfe" in the College, and the "Milnor" in the Seminary. 
The lands had been "sold for taxes," the income having been otherwise con- 
sumed in a very economical administration. President Bronson originated, 
and energetically and effectively carried out, the policy of selling the greater 
part of the land, and investing the surplus proceeds in remunerative securi- 
ties. Under Ohio State laws, college lands were taxable, while college securi- 
ties were exempt. 



KENYON t;()LLEGE. 249 



I'roCessors Ross and Thrall were noted men, each exceptionally well 
([ualified I'or his post. They well deserved the afTection and esteem which the 
members of their classes were glad to give them. 

Dr. Brooke, in iiis day, was the leading |)iiii)il oinlor nl our ( liiirdi in 
( )hio, and made a very capable Professor of Klietoric. But as he was also 
Kector of Harcoiirt Parish, one of the editors of the Diocesan paper, and a 
.Seminary instructor, he was unable to devote as much time with the ( 'ollciic 
students in English Literature as his succe.s.sors in that chair have done. 

Professor Denison came so late in my college cour.se that I had no ojipor 
Innity to compare him with Professor Ross as a teacher of Mathemalirs. 

Ill those days each student, had the notice and care of each professor, and 
many warm friendsliips bevveen instructor and pujjil were made. Many of us 
count our cidlege years on Gambier Hill as very happy ones. 

The President and I'rofessors were able, efficient, earnest, laborious, and 
faithful. 

Professor Dobb resigned in August, llSoO. to accejit the Pcctorate of 
Trinity (Jhurch, New Orleans, where he died of yellow fever about 1S5;{. 
President Bronson also resigned about the same time; became Rector at San- 
dusky; about IStJH became Eleutheros Co.oke Professor in He.xley Hall; in 
1S72 accepted the Rectorate of the Parish at Mansfiehl, (Jliio, where he died 
May 7, A. D. 1890, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. At the time of his 
decease, and for some years prior thereto, he was one of the permanent mem- 
bers of the Board of Trustees of the (JoUege (Jorporation, and was unani- 
mously chosen President pro tempore during Bisiiop Bedell's last absence in 
Kurope. 

President Bronson was born in Waterbiiry ('f)iiii., A])ri] 21, A. D. I.S()7. 
Iiis father removed to Ohio in the same year. He was carried in his mother's 
arms in the first wagon that crossed the Cuyahoga River. As he grew up, so 
great was his desire for a classical education that, at the early age of si.xteen, 
he traveled seventy miles on horseback in a fruitless search for a Latin 
ilictionary. He was always zealous, unselfish, and thoroughly brave and true. 

Of the many earnest friends of Kenyon, he was among those entitled to 
tiie highest regards of Kenyon's sons. 

DR. BRONSON'S LAST SUGGESTION CONCERNING GAMBIER 
In his old age. Dr. Bronson wrote ton fellnw Trustee : " We have aJiciiiiy 
decided that the Seminary and College are together a unit. Let us treat them so. 
Let every professor in the Seminary l)e a professor in the (College, and /v'ce versa. 
Let us say to them, 'Fix your own terms of tuition, room rent, incidentals, etc., 
arrange all duties among yourselves, appoint your own officers, and use all the 
liuildings to the best advantage you can.' Tlic:i lei us divide all income 
among rtW the professors. Let those on the spol wlm do llip work gauge the 
expenses and have the pay, with only just so much interference from Bishops 
or Trustees as is necessary to secure the interests of the Church, and carry out 
Ihe will of till' donors." 



250 KENYON COLLEGE. 



profc55or Ho55 



Edward Coke Ross, LL. D., was born in Milford, Pike Ooimty, Penn., 
May 23, 1800. At the age of seventeen he entered the U. S. Military Academy 
at West Point, from which lie was graduated in 1821. He was immediately 
appointed Assistant Professor of Mathematics in that institution. From 1833 
to 1839 he served with his regiment, the Fourth Artillery, when he resigned 
his commission. In 1840 he became Professor of Mathematics and Natural 
Philosophy in Kenyon College, which position he filled with distinction for 
eight years. He died in New York May 16, 18.51. 

A friend, thoroughly competent to judge, has written concerning him : 

"All the choicest characteristics of the good teacher were combined in 
Dr. Ross. His profound and varied knowledge was always at his service, kept 
in constant exercise and under perfect control. Although his own advance- 
ment in science had been steady and rapid, and the higher processes 'of 
mathematics were the engines which he delighted to exercise, a complete 
master of the modern analysis, and skilled in calling out its hidden powers, as 
ever necromancer was skilled in the use of his magic wand, all the simpler 
instruments of investigation were equally at his command. Everything was 
as fresh as when first learned. Rust never cankered or dimmed the stores he 
had treasured up. Nothing became obsolete. 

"In the recitation room he was all animation. The light that shone in his 
clear mind flashed from his eye, and aroused even the indolent to attention. 
It was an hour of earnest work to them, but unobscured by moody or leaden 
dullness. His questions flew thick and fast, and no one could tell what the 
next would be, or on whose head it would fall. There was no escape from his 
scrutiny. Each scholar must master the subject, or must give up the whole in 
despair. And when he had once made a lodgment for the truth, he never 
suffered it to be lost, for the drill of the most inexorable mai'tinet was never 
more rigid and unintermitting. 

" He possessed in the highest degree the gift of reaching the understanding 

of the young. He did not darken his subject by words without knowledge. 

He was never in advance of the point evolving, or of the learner's own 

position. All was so easy, so simijle and natural, that the listener took it in 

"As we do air, fast as 'twas ministered, 

" The same clearness he exacted of his pupils. One striking peculiarity of 
his instruction was the precision and neatness of demonstration which he 
demanded and was so successful in producing. It was really a matter of 



KENYON COLLEGE. 251 



exquisite taste with him. Not an unnecessary word, not an ambiguous or 
hiose expression was admissible. The language must be as exact as the 
science itself. The demonstration, like the trnlli descriljed, should be 
symmetrical and faultless in its beauty — and must be chiselled and ])olished 
with artistic perfectness and tinish. 

"The interest, which Ross kept up in the minds of his pupils, enabled 
him to secure the industrious preparation of his lessons. It was ;i common 
saying at West Point that Ross could get Tuore work out of his classes than 
any other professor. They loved to labor for him. And this was handed 
down traditionally as a trait in his character as a teacher. He had the same 
success in this respect everywhere — in the several institutions where he 
taught — whether he gave instruction to private classes, or had enlisted a 
group of grown up volunteers. 

" The portraiture of the teacher seems almost perfect. But there is a grace 
which I have not yet named which irradiated and heightened all the rest. I 
allude to his kindness to his pupils. This was the spell which kept his classes 
iu perfect order. It was a very rare occurrence for him to inflict a penalty or 
employ the severe tones of authority. A tyrannical disposition (u- a capri- 
cious temper were never manifested. His scholars felt tiiat to commit 
disorder in his room was a disgrace to themselves, because it was an otTeuce 
against a friend, an a<-t of ingratitude towards one of wliose warm, unsellish 
interest in them, they were every moment conscious. 

'• His kindness was uot a mere superficial emotion, transient as the silvery 
lipple which glitters upon the face of the lake or river ujjou a summer's day, 
l)ut it was the sincere expression of his love for the young. And every 
generous young heart, throbbed with the electric impulse of liis kindness. 
This was to him a source of the highest gratiticalion. He has often said with 
respect to his pujiils : The khid feelings of iiuj xe/iolars tnvmrds me I haee 
ever found to he the riehest reirai'd for my .serr/reii to them."' 



CLIk 5alc of tl^e dollcac '»Sa^^s 



Wlien Major Douglas came to Gambier iu 1840, the finances were in a 
depressed and most deplorable condition. The money collected by Bishop 
Mcllvaine at the East, and by Rev. Dr. Sparrow iu Ohio, a few years before, 
had been partially used in the erection of new buildings, partially in the 
])ayuient of old debts. These debts, however, were not entirely obliterated. 
To meet the deficit, Bishop Mcllvaine, in 1833, had found it necessary to 
contract a loan of $15,000, which he secured "through the great attention 
and aifectionate interest of Samuel Ward, I'lsq., of New York." This loan 



252 KENYON COLLEGE. 



however proved a very heavy burden. Without it, or rather without the debt 
which it represented, the College financially would have prospered. As it 
was, there was an increasing accumulation of debt, year by year. 

In 1842 a crisis came. The debt of Prime, Ward & King, then nearly 
twenty thoiTsand dollars, was pressing I'or payment. To secure this debt the 
College lands had been mortgaged. So the question naturally arose, •' Shall 
these lands be sold?'' Neither Bishop Mcllvaine nor the Board of Trustees 
were willing of themselves to determine this imi»rtant matter. "If," said 
Bishop M., "a measure of such fundanienlal importance is to be adopted, the 
main responsibility should be taken by the Convention of the Diocese, 
assembled with express reference to the. subject, and having its delegates 
chosen with the express purpose of acting thereon." So in December, 1842, 
a special Convention of the Diocese of Ohio was called, and met to consider 
this c|uestion. It was a question with reference to which opinion in the 
Diocese had been not unevenly divided. Many were strongly of opinion that 
"a religious corporation could not conduct a farm to advantage," and it must 
be confessed that the results of the experiment went l^r towards justifying 
this conclusion. The total income from farms, houses and shops, had averaged 
but thirteen hundred dollars a year. The other side of the case was thus 
stated by the Bishop : " It is well known that the lands at present owned 
were purchased by the venerable founder of the institutions upon them for a 
permanent endowment, and were designed to furnish not only an income for 
the support mainly of theological instruction, since candidates lor Orders pay 
no tuition fees, but also for a moral protection to the institution, by securing 
the control of its neighborhood to a great distance around it. Nothing can be 
more manifest than that Bishop Chase not only did not expect that those 
lands would ever be sold, but was always strongly set upon' their permanent 
retention. His various communications to the Convention of this Diocese, 
and to the public contain most convincing marks to that effect. There is 
reason to be assured that the Trustees, as long as he remained over them', 
entirely sympathized in these views. I am certain that the same have been 
held as tenaciSusly by the Board ever since. Nothing but a sense of necessity 
has caused them so much as to inquire into the propriety of a different course. 
The attachment of those in the Diocese who have taken interest enough in an 
institution, so central to all its interests, to have any attachment thereto, is 
still decidedly to the maintenance of the original views in regard to its lauds." 

The conclusion as reached was thus stated by the Committee of the 
Convention, to whom the whole subject was referred. 

"A considerable portion of the present debts must be satisfied within a 
few months, and to effect this object, a forced sale of the lands of the corpora- 
tion must be made, or funds procured by donation or loan. * * * * * 



KKNYON COLLEGE. 253 



.No j)nideiit iniin would force liis real estate into market, unless eonipelled to 
do so. duriiiy,- tlie ])resenl pecuniary eiiiharrassnient of all classes. Such is the 
coiidiliuii (if Ihc liiiid iiinrkct Ihal lime is everything to tlnisc who nwe debts, 
and wild nnisl ])ay \>y I lie sah' of lamls. It is very clear that a ruinous loss 
would he incurred hy the sale of the college lands at this time. To prevent, 
if possiliK", so fireal ;i sacrilice. it is the opinion of the ('onimittee that a final 
and last appeal shouhi he made 1o those who may feel an interest in the 
institulion al (iambier. 1'his is due to its venerable founder, to the early and 
present liicnds of Kenyon ('ollege — it is due to all other friends of learninj;; 
and reliiiion." 

In response to the decision of the ('onvention, l.ishop iMcIlvaine fiirded 
on his armor, and "labored willi all his mii;ht." The result of his appeal in 
I he Eastern States was .i!2!t,5i7. S<nne -td.OOO besides were added as the 
result of an a])]ieal in ( )liio. 

Mven this me;isnre ol' rebel', liowevei'. was dcsline<l lo prove but tenip- 
oiary. Hy it the "evil day'' was postponed, but not altogether averted. The 
fact leniained that the College lands, valuable though they were in them- 
selves, were yet almost entirely valueless as a source of income. 

"In is;4(> a change was made with a view of realizing a profit from 
grazing and laising cattle and sheej). Bui after e.\j)ensive stock had been 
l)urchased, a dry season cut off the means of keeping it, and it was necessary 
to sell at a great loss to save life. There were those who blamed this 
experiment, lint ]ierhaps they would not have done so if it had been 
attem])ted at a time when stock was rising instead of falling, and when feed 
was plenty instead of scarce. .\t such a lime it miiihl iiave (deared off the 
wlnde ilebt, but. as it was, the prolils went the wrong way." 

This is simply quoted as a si)ecimen of not a i't'w vain attempts Id realize 
largely JVom the College lauds — so Ihut it is not to be wondered at that in 
1S4'2 Hishdp .Mcdivaiue ^hduld say "Oni' thing is evident, Ihal the manage- 
ment of land anil produce, i)y the agent of ^ucli an inslitution, whose time is 
divide<| will: other duties, must necessarily be at a <lisad vantage. What an 
iiiiliriiliial might accomi)lisli willi his own land, a (■iirj>or(ifliiii cannot with 
theirs." 

Sd, lliough measurable relief came, after the crisis of 1S42, from the funds 
wliii h were tlu'n collected, matters nevertheless dragged along somewhat 
heavily until isl'.i. when a commillee of llie ISoai'd of Trustees gave e.xijres- 
sion to the prcvak'nl senlimeni in the following lan^iuige : 

"The ])ecuniary endtarrassmenis of the Seminary, and the conse(|nenl 
depression upon the j)rosperity and success of its instil nlions, have long been 
the IheuK' of reproach among ils enemies and the subject of deep mortiflca- 
lion and regrel with ils friends — vaiaons e.xjiedienls have been ii'dui lime to 



254 KENYON COLLEGE. 



time resorted to to relieve the institution from this great evil with very little 
better results than temporary relief, procrastination, and increase of the debt 
by accumulations of interest and costs. The committee is informed that the 
present amount of debt against the institution, in vai'ious forms of liability, is 
about fifteen thousand doUSrs, the accruing interest on which is nearly equal 
to all the available annual income. Many of the creditors are pressing' for 
payment, interest is in arrears — and unless means be speedily provided, 
portions of the real estate will be levied upon and sold under execution. To 
add to these eniljarrassnients, there being due a large an-ear of taxes against 
the lands, the whole tract has been sold to satisfy the incumbrance. 

•'To sustain the credit of the institution, or even to preserve its vitality, 
under such circumstances, and against such unhappy influences, seems to the 
committee hopeless. The tax sale must be redeemed, and the other pecuniary 
embarrassments removed, or the institution must go into decay, perhaps be 
wholly lost. 

" The corporation holds in fee a body of four thousand acres of land, than 
which, for the usual various purposes of agriculture, none better can be found 
in Ohio. These lands are worth an average price of $20 per acre, and by 
many are estimated much higher. The annual rents from the improved parts 
of all this body of land little, if any, exceed the bills of repairs and taxes. 
Is it wise then to leave this noble institution with its schools and Colleges 
thus fettered and bound, its character and usefulness lessened, if not 
destroyed, when by a change of investment of the moneys that are in these 
lands, or even a S7iiall portion of them, all the incumbrances might be 
removed, an annual income secured that would give permanency and 
prosperity to the institution? We have come to the conclusion that from 
motives of both expediency and necessity we are urged and impelled to make 
sale of a portion of these lands." 

To this was added the opinion of the Board itself that the time had come 
when it was " due to the institution to change the investment of a portion of 
its lands." 

So it was resolved by the Convention of the Diocese in 1849: 

1. "That the Convention are of opinion that the Board of Trustees have 
lull legal authority to sell and convey in fee simple the lands belonging to 
said Seminary. 

2. That a sale of a portion of said lands, as proposed by said Board, is 
expedient, not only to enable the Trustees lo discharge the debts of the 
Seminary, but also to enable them to place that institution upon a better 
i'ooting as to its income." 

With the sale of a portion of these lands in 1850 "a brighter day dawned 
upon Kenyon " — all debts were paid — credit was restored, and confidence 
increased. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 255 



Ctie Kcp. CLhonias 2natl]cr Smitl^, T>. D. 



Diiclm- Siiiilli was Iidiii al Stainlbnl, Conn., March 7, 1 T'.Ki. His latlierwas 
an ( )illu>ilii.\ Coniirc'^alional Minister, and his ancestors were among the most 
lanKiiis of I lie Puritan Worthies. He was graduated i'rom Yale College in 
l^Ki, slndied tlieology at Andover, l)ecame a (congregational clergyman, and 
remained such for a (|uarler of a century. His work in tlie Protestant 
i<;])isco|)ai Chni-cli was cliielly done at (iauiliier. For I'our years lie was 
President of Keuyoii College ( lS5()-.")4 ). and for lirteen more years he was 
Pi-ofessor ol' .Systematic Divinity and Sucrecl Literature. He died at Portland, 
Maine, September G, 1864. 

His son-in law. Bishop Perry, of Iowa, writes concerning liim: "It would 
l)e (liflicult to delineate the character of Dr. Smith in more titling words than 
tliose of liis beloved brother-in-law, the Rev. President Woods, D. D., of 
Howdoin College, ■ a faithful minister, an upright and blameless Christian 
gentleman, an accomplished Christian scholar,' courteous and refined, singu- 
larly gifted iu conversational powers, exact and ready in iiis knowledge, and 
with a mind of large grasp and great discrimination; ha])py in his explana- 
tions, clear and collected in iu-gument, he was admirably calculated for a 
Professor's chair, and the post lie retained so long, and tilled witii such 
universal acceptance, attests his i)ower." 



pre5i&cnt cTn^rclr>5 



Lorin Andrews, LL. D., was born at Ashland, Ohio, April 1, 1819. When 
about eighteen years old, he entered Kenyon Grammar School, and, in due 
time, Kenyon College. He did not remain for graduation, owing to financial 
embarrassments in his father's household. He was admitted to the bar in 
1S47, but never opened an office as a lawyer. His work was that of a teacher, 
and in this work he labored successfully at Ashland, Mansfield, and Massillon. 
In the words of Bishop Mcllvaine: "It was not long before he manifested that 
large minded zeal in the promotion of common school education which soon 
made his name a household word in the school system of Ohio. To the 
improvement and vigorous prosei-uticjn of that system he now devoted 
himself, sparing no ])ains, shrinking fmni no labor. No name was so 
universally known in the State in connection with general education as his, 



256 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



noiio s(i widely rospccfed, none so inllnentinl. It was when he was at the 
lieight of liis roiHilntioii ;inil inlhu'iioe in llial department of usefulness that 
he was ohosen lo I ho rrosidcni'v of Ivonyon (.'ollei!:e. The condition of the 
College demanded jiisl liie ([uidities for which he was so distinguished, the 
talent for administration, a \t'ry sound judgment, a prompt and (irm decision, 
united with a special diawing of heart towards young men in the course of 
their education. The C\illege was in no condition to oiler him any temptation 
of a worldly or sellfsh hind. It was deep in embarrassment and compassed 
with dilHculties. lie accepted the otHce with ditlidence, but with devotedness. 
All the highest ex]>ec(ati(Uis of his administration were more than fnlfilled. 

"When the lirst <m11 of the rresideut of the I'uiled States for quotas of 
xolnnti'er troojis iVuin the several States was made, he was the tirst man in 
(Miio whose name our tiovernor received. He did it for an example. It was 
nut known, it could not be anticipated how such a call under the circumstances 
would be responded to. An example of one high in the estimation of the 
])ublic « as of great value. lie appreciated the state of the case, went to the 
fiovernor and authorized the use of his name as volunteer, and it was 
published, and all the school districts of the State with which his former 
labors had been so connected, and all the State, indeed, for his name and 
cluiracter were everywhere known, felt the example. 

"In expectation of soon taking the Held, he saiil to me: 'I have no fear 
that 1 shall not have (H)urage enough for the dangers of battle. All my 
anxiety is that 1 may have lirmness enough to be faithful and decided as a 
Christian in all the various circumstances in which I may be placed. I feel 
that to do that re(|uires higher courage than to stand unmoved before the 
mouth ol' cannon." 

"He did not love a soldier's lite. Ilt^ shrunk with horror at scenes of 
blood. Hut he loved his country, lie hated, as he constantly prayed against, 
'all sedition, privy conspiracy and rebellion,' and therefore he felt his duly 
(■ailing him to the war. His military life was short. The sore disease, which 
hovers with ^uch dark wing over camps, arrested him. He was brought to 
his luune to die. 

"He gave directions concerning his burial, and sent his exhortation to his 
regiment in words which he tirst thought over — then delivered — and then 
requested to be repeated to him that he might be sure he was understood, 
'fhcy were these: ' Tia.L vwv.M to stand fok tmk kuiut, for their corxTRV, 
-\xii FOR .Ifsfs.' 

"As he had received t'hrist desus the Lord, and walked in Him, so our 
dear lirother died in Him. He sleeps in Jesus. His grave will be precious to 
us. It will be honored b\- all generations in this Oolleue and neiuhborhood. 




•*?l4^*i 






KENYON COLLEGE. 257 



' Blessed are tlie dead who die in tlie Lord ; yea, saith the spirit, for they rest 
from their labors.' A noble man has fallen. A noble (Christian example has 
been removed. An active, devoted, enlightened, disinterested, most benevo- 
lent laborer for the best interests of man, has ceased his work. But God's 
will be done. The Lord gave, and tiie Lord lutth taken away. Blessed be the 
name of the Lord." 

Tlie following is the insiTi])tion upon President Andrews's (ombstoiie: 

LORIN ANDREWS, 

President of Kenijon Colkyr, 

Emimmt as a Teacher, Patriot, and Christian. The first in Oliio to answer the call of his 

country in 1861, he served as Colonel of the Fourth {). V. \. in the first 

campaign against the great Rebellion, and died, a martyr to the 

Union, September 18, 1861, aged 42 years, honored 

and beloved by all. 

At a Kenyon banquet in Cliicago, itn old Kenyon student responded to 
the toast — Lorin Andrews : 

Mr. President — As you iiave been pleased to include me in-yoiir distri- 
bution of Speech on Toast, 1 congratulate myself that 1 am permitted to 
respond to a sentiment so congenial to my mind as that in connection with 
which you have announced me to this table. If it have not the magic to 
evoke eloquent utterance from unwonted lips, it will not l)e because it lacks 
the power to stir my prolbundest emotions. Lorin Andreius! The name is 
indeed to me "a golden link in the chain of Eenyon memories." It images 
to my vision a manly form, a commanding presence! It is the synonym of 
magnanimity, oi -philanthropy, of generosity, of exalted patriotism! It sym- 
liolizes Truth, and Justice, and Ideal Right. It calls up before me in triune 
consistency, co-existing and co-working in him as in 'i^w men, noble purpose, 
noble endeavor, and noble achievement ! Lorin Andrews was a born leader, 
teacher, and guide. Personal magnetism, that mysterious yet potent intluence 
by which a man, "lifted up" above his fellows, "draws all men unto him," 
was never more perfectly developed in mortal man. His presence was one 
literally./;^/;:. Large-hearted, his sympathies embraced the unfortunate of 
every class and condition. 

Hampered and disheartened indigence felt its chains relax wlien it Ibiind 
itself within the pale of his recognition. Weary labor lifted its head and 
walked more erect under the inspiration of his kindly greeting. Decrepit age 
sliook off its Lethean stupor, and listless yoiitli its indifference to duty, in the 
presence of one whose every pulse-throb was full of real and earnest life. He 
was above circumstances. Wealth could never have made liim purse-proud 
and ostentatious; poverty could never have lessened his dignity, nor destroyed 



258 KEJSfYON COLLEGE. 



the elasticity of his step. He was gentle and unassuming. A kingdom were 
not rich enough to buy his opinion, yet he could sit a learner at the feet of a 
child. He was public-spirited. Movements in the body politic, having for 
tlieir aim the good of the people, ever had his cordial sympathy and support. 
Questions involving progress in agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, had 
in him a deeply interested advocate. The great cause of common school 
education had no abler nor more earnest friend and promoter. He thoroughly 
believed in, and heartily vMrked for, the elevation of the masses — and the 
masses loved him. 

Socially, Lorin Andrews was a gentleman in the liroadesl and best sense 
of that much abused term. He liated shams. He was averse to mere out- 
ward show. He did not alfect white kids and lavender ties, and mincing man- 
ners. I know not by what epithet of disdain he would have characterized an 
Oscar Wilde-, or a well-marked standard Dude of the day. 

He did not paj^ homage to wealth or fortuitous position; while success 
which was the reward of wort/i and icork, I'eceived from him unstinted 
approbation. 

The climax is reached in any panegyric of human ciiaracter, when it can 
be fndy said, "He was a Christian." Lorin Andrews was no devotee to 
dognta, no slave to superstition, but tiie great doctrines of Revelation were to 
him eternal verities'-, and upon his brow he ever wore the triple-linked 
chaplet of Faiths Hope, and Charity- ''That man lives greatly, whatever his 
fate or fame, who greatly dies." 

Mr. President, there came a day in the history of this nation when the 
demon of ivav threatened its life, nor could be appeased save by feasting upon 
human sacrifices. A great altar was erected, and the proclamation was 
heralded forth, "Who will give himself a ransom lor the people?" And from 
Lorin Andrews, promptly among the first, came the response, " Lo ! here am 
L send me." And in the prime of his manhood, from the midst of a grandly 
successful career, he went forth from position, and home, and family; and 
patriotism took him by the hand and led him up the mount of sacrifice, and 
he laid himself a glad victim upon the altar. And the knife was raised and 
there Avas no voice from Heaven to stay its descent and there was no ram for 
a substitute! Tell me, did not mv iiero " iiTeatly die?" 



KENYON COLLEGE. 259 



prof, ^r^ncis IDtiarton, D. D., €'5. D. 



Francis Wliartoii was horn in I'hiiailelpliia, Mai-i'li 7, 18"2(). He was grad- 
>iated at Yale in 1839, and was admitted to the bar in 1S43. In 1845 lie was 
made Assistant Attorney General of Philadelphia, and during his incumbency 
(if that otfice prepared and published his American Criminal Lair. He Mas 
greatly interested in Christian work, and in 1850 made a journey liirough the 
Upper Missouri Valley distributing Bibles and tracts along the way. In 1856 
he became Professor of History and English Literature in Keiiyon College, 
wliere he remained seven years. In 1861 he was oi'dained, and in 1863 
became Rector of St. Paul's Church, Brookline, Mass. In 1870 he settled in 
Cambridge, as Professor in the Divinity School, doing work also in the Boston 
University Law School. Under President Cleveland's administration he be- 
came the Legal Advisor of the DeiDartment of State at Washington. At tlie 
time of his death, he was engaged, under a resolution of Congress, in editing 
the Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States in tlie early part of our 
liistory. He died February 21. 1889. 

Joseph Packard, .Jr., Esq., says of his Kenyon days: ''The life at Gani- 
bier was full of work. There were a dozen or more lectures to his classes each 
week ; there was the editorship of the Episcopal Recorder, and the Protestant 
Episcopal Quarterly Revieiv\ there was constantly work to be done in meet- 
ing the demand for new editions of his law books. To all this was added an 
extensive correspondence. Distinctive Christian work, however, still kept its 
prominent place with him. In addition to regular attendance and help in 
prayer meetings among the College students, it was his custom, from the time 
of his first residence in Gambler, to ride a number of miles oii Sunday afler 
noons to hold mission services in some distant handets. 

•' During part of his career as Professor, he conducted wliat was called liis 
Bible Class — more properly, lectures — on Sunday evenings. Attendance on 
these lectures was entirely voluntary; Iml althougii 1lie College sludenls Jiad 
already been, under stress of law. to the morning and afternoon service in tiie 
Chapel, there were few that failed to attend. So, also, came the theological 
students, the villagers, and even many of the Grammar School boys. It was 
no wonder, for the subject was illustrated in the most attractive way from tlic 
stories of his varied knowledge. 

''But any sketch of him would be incomplete whicii faile<l to refer to his 
attractive and loveable character. Benevolence was a striking feature in it, 
and that not onlv in the sense of a lieartv good will towards ail men. liul 



260 KENYON COLLEGE. 



in the sense of active beneficence toward those with whom he was brought 
into relations. To say nothing of other acts of charity, there is many a man 
alive to-day who in the days of his student life, hard and cramped, perhaps, 
received s.ympathy and encouragement, and substantial help Irom Dr. Whar- 
ton. His learning, his wit, his genial presence, made him charming in social 
life. His conversation was something to be remembered, not merely for the 
instruction with which it was freighted, but for its gentle humor, and its 
exhuberance of illustration by anecdote, l)y metaphor, by picturesque turns of 
plirase. It was tliese graces ol' style which made his writings, even on tecliui- 
cal subjects, so interesting. His hospitality was aliounding. To all who 
knew him tlie world will seem poorer, now that he is gone." 



Clbibc mitt] 211c=--Kcmini5C(>ncc of (Bambicr in ^857-8 



BY FRANCIS WH,\IIT0N, D. T)., LL. D. 



Several of ray former Gambier pupils, on visiting Brookline, and on 
hearing the hymn "Alnde with me," sung at St. Paul's to the tune with which 
we were so familar when togetlier on the Hill, have asked me for the notes. 
In answering this request, my mind involuntarily turns back to an event with 
which the hymn and music are both, in my memory and alfections, indissolubly 
connected, — the Revival at Gambier, in 1857-58. And I have I'elt, in sending 
the notes to the printer, that it might not be amiss for me to join with them a 
few recollections of that most eventful period ; recollections which I now print 
in memory of those of our brethren, then with us, who are now in heaven, 
and in aifectionate tribute to those who still survive. 

I was in Philadelphia at the time when the religious interest, which was 
then so general through the whole country, began to manifest itself at Gam- 
bier; and 1 well recollect the deep impression made upon me, on m,y return, 
after the usual winter vacation, in finding a daily prayer-meeting instituted in 
that basement room of Rosse Chapel, with which, ungainly and dark as it may 
be, I have so many dear associations. It M^as Mr. William BoAver, then in the 
Sophomore Class, now an honored minister of Newark, Ohio, who first, if I 
understood rightly, urged the importance of these meetings; and soon, to the 
few who at first attended, was added the great body of the students, as Avell as 
of the residents of the Hill. The collection of hymns, called " Hymns Ibr 
Church and Home,"' had a short time before been published ; and I well recol- 
lect calling the attention of Mr. Bower, Mr. Holden, and the late Mr. J. W. 
McCarty, to the hymn Avhich I now republish, and asking them if they could 



KENYON COLLEGE. 261 



not find suitable music to. words so Ijeautilul. ami mi approjjriate Ui the solemn 
state of religious feeling. It was Mr. Bower wlio brought us the tune which is 
now printed, and which by mcniorv was for so long sung at Gambier. Desiring 
til reproduce it at my own parish, I wrolc to Mr. J. W. McCarty, only a i'ew 
months Ijefore his death, and reccivcij Irniii him, iieni'iileil down by himself, 
the notes of the melody. 

To I he Revival with whii'ii liiis hymn is so closely associa1e(I, 1 can never 
revert without recollections tiie tenderest and the most strengthening. It 
showed two very remarkable facts. The first is, that God, even when we least 
e.xpeet it, will make bare His arm, and, in answer to the importunate suppli- 
calioii'^ of His people, descend with mighly power, awakening and converting 
siniici-^. ami recalling to a higiicr ami iioliei- profession iliose among His 
(■iiiidren who have become faint and cold. The second is, that those whom He 
thus pleases to revive, and use as instruments in such revival, are not as it, has 
Ijeeii sometimes said, the creatures of mei-e excitement, whose fervor passes 
away with tlie occasion which iiunianjy caused it. As illustrations of these 
truths I do not merely particularize the living, so many of them ministers of 
(Jod's Word. I turn, first to those whom God has taken to Himself. 

Mr. John W. Griffin is the first of our now glorified brethern, whose name 
meets my eye on the catalogue. He was then a student in the Seminary, 
and was at the same time assisting me in the chair of English Literature in 
I lie College. Of all men whom I have ever met, he was most on his knees; 
and in no one did I ever witness more sterling integrity, more sanctified holi- 
ness, and more devoted zeal. He was ordained at Gambier, shortly before the 
late war, by Bishop Bedell ; and though called to be minister of Rosse Chapel, 
where he would gladly have remained, he was ordered by Bishop Meade, in 
u hose diocese he was a deacon, to the parisii at Amherst, Virginia. A few 
months after his settlement, the war broke out, and he took the post of 
chaplain to a regiment in the Confederate army. Here he wore himself out 
liy his devotion to the sick and dying, and l)y his most powei'ful ministry of 
tile Word. Those who saw him in the last few months of his life, say that 
wliile his body was emaciated, and his strength nearly gone, his face shone 
almost as an angel's, and his preaching and conversation wei"e marked almost 
by an angel's power. One of his last acts was to write a letter to me, dwelling 
(HI what he used to speak of as the blessed memories of Gambier, and of that 
Revival which I now seek to recall; and asking to have his dying love given 
to the Bisliops of Ohio, and to tiiose with wlioni, when at Gambier, he had 
lived. 

Mr. John W. McCarty is the next name in tiie list of the then theological 
students, and to Mr. McCarty's agency in the Revival I have already inciden- 
tallv relerre(l. I cannot look back on Mr. McCartiu' without some decree of self- 



262 KENYON COLLEGE. 



reproach. He was by nature marked by much waywardness, irritabilitj^ and 
impetuosity; and I was one of those who scarcely did liim justice, and who 
only partially saw, through the conflict that thus arose, the deep fervor of his 
devotion, and the passionate conviction of sin which perhaps these very pecu- 
liarties ol' his temperament tended to enhance. I now have to say that I 
believe that few men have ever adorned our ministry either with greater 
genius or more thorough piety. He, too, was summoned to an early grave, 
passing thither from a pulpit, — that of Christ Church, Cincinnati. — than 
which we have few more important, and in which his remarkable gifts, ripen- 
ing as they were day after day, were beginning to exercise immense power. 

Mr. John Leithead is next on the list of those, who, in the then Seminary 
classes, have passed from the ministry of earth to that of heaven. When I 
first went to Gambier, he was in temper and character a mere boy ; often 
vacillating and inconstant. He became afterwards a minister of extraordinary 
holiness and zeal, and lustrous with grace; and his death-bed, at Pitjua, Ohio, 
where he was Rector, was marked by seraphic loveliness and triumph. 

Mr. H. A. Lewis, who was then in the Sophomore Class in the College and 
Mr. M. M. Gilbert, who was then in the Freshmen Class, subsequently entered 
the Seminary as theological students, were ordained, and crowned brief and 
faithful ministries by deaths of peace and glorious trust! 

Mr. John M. Burke, then in the Senior Class of the College, went to 
Virginia before the war, and was there ordained. His ministerial life, as 
I have learned from those who knew him at the time, was one of the simple 
faith and earnest labor; and his death, which was immediate, occured during 
an attack on the town in which he was ministering. 

Among those who were present at Gambier, during the Revival, being at 
the time laymen, the following besides myself, are now ministers of the 
Gospel : — 

Rev. Henry D. Lathrop, Rev. Cornelius S. Abbot, Rev. Henry H. 
Messinger, Rev. William J. Alston, Rev. Richard L. Ganter, Rev. William C. 
Gray. 

Rev. Richard Holden, then in the Seminary — I cannot but pause with 
emotion as I write Mr. Holden's name. There is no man from whom I learned 
more, through example, of true Christian life ; none among all whom 1 have 
ever met, who united more inflexible Christian courage, with purer doctrine, 
and with a more wonderful influence over the wild and irreligious. Of all 
persons, irreligious college students are the most restive at any attempts at 
personal religious influence, particularly where the eff'ort comes from a fellow- 
student : and yet among the most reckless of this class, Mr. Holden, then a 
student himself, labored freely, faithfully, and earnestly, and was listened to 
always with respect, and sometimes with love. I have never seen a similar 



KENYON COLLEGE. 263 



case ; and yet, let it be remembered, that his personal life was one of severe 
holiness; that he never hesitated to rebuke sin; that he never shrank from 
proclaiming the doctrines of grace, — the doctrines ol' man's extreme depravity 
and of salvation only through the merits of Christ, — in their most direct and 
])ositive form. It was because he Jived these doctrines so fully, so firmly, and 
so meekly, that he made them so lovely, and that he proclaimed them, both 
at tiie time of which I speak and subsequently, with such extraordinary eifect. 
Mr. Holden, subsequently to his ordination, declined prominent ministerial 
jiosts, and went as a missionary to Brazil, where, beibre his conversion, he had 
become acquainted with the language, and where he felt he owed a peculiar 
debt. To my own great grief, and to the great grief of others, he sul)sequently 
left our communion, finding a ditliculty in the disputed phrases in the 
Haj)lismal Service; phrases, 1 cannot but think, which would luive appeared 
to liim, had he considered them more fully, as representing most important 
features in that very covenant of grace on which, in its general asjjccts, he 
dwelt with so much comlbrt and power. \i this should meet Mr. Holden's 
eye, in the field where I believe he still works with the same devotion, though 
in connection with another coinniuiiioii, 1 ask him to receive it as a testimony 
of the unchanged love and reverence of those who labored with him in 
1S57-58. and who, though they will never meet him again in the Ibrms of the 
visible Church on earth, look Ibrward to joining him in the glorified ('hurch 
in Heaven. 

Rev. William O. Feltwell, Rev. Frederick M. Gray. Rev. Wyllys Hall, 
Rev. John Newton Lee, Rev. John P^ranklin OhI, Rev. William Thompson, 
Rev. William Bower, Rev. William Henry Dyer, Rev. James Hervey Lee, 
Rev. Charles E. McHvaine, Rev. Calvin Clarke Parker, Rev. Chas. H. Young, 
Rev. Carlos Enrique Butler, Rev. Joseph Witherspoon Cook, Rev. John 
William Trimble, Rev. Royal Blake Balcom, Rev. Otho H. Fryer, Rev. E O. 
Simpson, Rev. Daniel C. Roberts, Rev. Henry L. Badger, Rev. A. F. Blake, 
Rev. Samuel H. Boyer, Rev. Edward Dolloway, Rev. John Andrew Dooris, 
Rev. Wm. D'Orville Doty, Rev. W. H. D. Grannis, Rev. Horace E. Hayden, 
Rev. Wm. M. Postlethwaite, Rev. George B. Pratt, Rev. Wm. W. Rafter, 
Rev. Wm. E. Wright. 

As I write these, the names of those now in the living ministry, whose 
faces I so vividly recall in connection with the Revival of 1857-58, I cannot 
but feel once more the old afl'ection then borne to them by one who was with 
them as a lay College Professor; — who is now with them in the Common 
Ministry of the Word; — and who would desire to unite with them in the 
prayer that each of us may be blessed, unworthy as we are and have been, 
with many souls, to be laid at oui Blessed Lord's feet, as the trophies of His 
redeeming grace. 



^64 KKNYON COLLEGE. 



With (wo additional rellections I now close. The first is, that what 
seemed sometimes, when we viewed them closely at Qambier, weaknesses and 
imi)erl'ecti(iMK miuI ,j;iiTiiii;s, now, at this distance, are lost in \]\o ti'iie greatness 
of tlie <;vn('r;il work, even if we shonld take tliis sini^lc small se<;tion of time 
as I lie sole test. And 1 cannot but thinlc tiiat sncli a retrospect siiould be a 
sonrce of the truest comlbrt and encourasi'ement to the Bishops ol' Ohio, and 
(rO (he I'rol'essors at (iambic^-, amid the nnndx'i'less trials and anxieties to 
which tdiey are exposed. Oi-eatcr unifonnity and less individiialitiV might 
probal)ly be prodnci'd iindei- a moi-(> rigorons and more highly keyed Church 
syslem ; I (pieslion wliet her any other system could lia.ve produced truer and 
more cHicienl. and at tin' same time more \aried, forms of ministerial life. 

'The other remark is, that it is possibU> for a l\e\'i\al to be conducted ii\ 
]>erfect harmony with, and strict obedience to, the ridiries and laws of our 
C^hurch. During (lie time of the di>e])es( religions intei-cst at (iaud)ier, (he 
regular services of the Ohurch wi're perfornuHl with I lie utmost t'xactness, 
(iiough with a largidy increased attendance. There was no interchange with 
other nnnistries; tluM'e has l)een, Iiowever, a. Large and uuist elfeclive increase 
of our own, as well as an addition to our own communion of a body of faithful 
laymen, sevei'al of whom I have lat(dy he.ard of as organizing parishes, and 
(•(inducting, with great activity, lay missions. l'\'w .among lliose who stood 
together in the meetings 1 thus recall, came forth other than earnest, d(>vo(ed 
men, — weak indeiMJ, and feeling their weakness, — but impressed above all 
things with a lo\'e to soids, and a determination to jireach and to live, to 
perishing siunei-s, |]u> fullness of the (<osp(d of oni- Lord .lesus Christ. 



I'\ AV. 



KiiooKi.iNU, Mar(di 7, iS(>8. 



' Not (uilil lliiil lioin- wlu'ii tlu^ power (if luciiKiry fails, 
Shall fiuU^ !i\v!\y Iho vision of tlios(( lov(^ly vaUis, 
Which, liUo 11 bolt of oiiuiraUl, oncirclo tlio liltlo town, 
With i(s collof>'o towor and spiros i|niell,v looking down 
Ovor patidMii? of rnstlinji corn and wh(^at-li()l(ls I.yinjj still; 
To tho grist(ining stream which liu'ns Mio old red mill, 
To tho anoiont dam, wlioro tho waters splash and foam 
Past tho hewn log walls of many a hnmblo home, 

Eastward to w here Iho eye falls on /ions wooded erost; 
Orlookinj;' down the valley stretehinfj tow.ard the West, 
Behold tho little rivor comes vipplini>- past that jiravol isle 
Whore long ago on sunnnor afternoons we often did beguile 
Awjiy tli(i happy hours, with merry games and playful sport, 
With ringing shouts of laughter, with c|uiok and bright retort, 
Ah! how many aro tho pictures which we might unroll 
If tinio wore ours to turn back moniory's cherished scroll!" 



KENYON COLLEGE. 265 



Bi5l7op 2110311X11110 anb t\jc dolorcb 5tu6ent 



The rollowiiij;' iiu-iilciil is rclnlcd hy I lie Hisliop's daiijililcr : 
"Wo slopped at (Jaiiihiei' on our icliirii IVdin ,d)i-i)Md in IS,")!!, lo sec iiiv 
lirotlicr, then studyinji tliere, my liillici- inlcndini: lo rciiniin ami |ircarli llic 
next (lay (Sunday ). On arriviiiii, a liicnd lold liiiii llial the |)hicc was imicli 
ajiifated hccaiisc the colored inaii (Alsloii), llioii^li lie was sliidyiuff al, I lie 
Divinity Sciiool at (iainhier, was not allowed by tlu; ('lia])lain to receive llu 
Holy Oomniimion with the i-esl of the Divinity students when. accordin<i lo 
custom, they presented themselves after file clergy of the ])lace had coniniii 
iiicated, l)ut, instead, was requested to remain until the whole while |io])ula 
lion of the ])lace had partaken, when he, tlie solitary colored man, was 
alloweil lo present himself. My father's re|)ly to iiis friend was, • l^'t no one 
know llial you have spoken of I his lo me.' The ne.xl day, refiisiiiL'' lo preach 
in the niorniii};, and pur])osely leavinji his prayer-hook Ixdiind, he went lo I he 
Chapel, and look his place by the side of Alston, who was not sealed with lli<' 
rest of his fellow students, requesting to lie allowed lo look ovtu' liis prayer- 
hook. When Ihe lime lor llie administration of the Lord's Suj)per came, m\' 
lather waited until Ihe cleri;y of tlie place had communicated, and llien, slep- 
piiifi forward and hiddiufj Alston follow him, advanced and knell at the chan 
eel, placinj;; the colored man hy his side. It is needless to say that willi Ihis 
ended the nudter, except in the Kra'ifo'le of his companion." 



(Dm of i\}c dlass of '59 



It is related thai when (J enfi;aged with the lesl of his cdass in Ihe 

most celestial sludy of asli-onomy, he, as usual, came lo Ihe rci-ilalion room 
on(> day, having;' a very vajiue idea of the orhils and molions of ihe dilferent 
])lanets wiiich were the to|)ic of the day's lesson. 

Well, " in the course of lunnan events," it be('ame his Inru to recite. 

"Mr. (!.," said the Professor to onr hero, "tell us all yon know about 
.hipiler. P>y the way, how would you conju^ale .lupileri"' 

"It is a noun. Sir," said (i.; "I'd rallier t/, '<■//'/,,■ il." 

"Well, Iheii," exclaimed Ihe I'rofe^^sor. a lilllc vexed al havinu' been 
caufihl in so evident a mistake, "how would yon t/rf/i/w W V 

" J\l(i.'<f rcfipectf'uUy,^'' was the laconic reply. The i'rofessoi- jirononnced il 
ca])ilal, and ])assed to the tiext with a new ((neslion. 



266 KENYON COLLEGE. 



^cniion Heminiscenccs 



BY P II I L . 



I. Montaigne says, " neither tliese stories, nor any allegations, do always 
serve simply for example, authority, or ornament : 1 do not regard them for 
the use I make of them : they carry sometimes, besides what I apply them to, 
the seed of a richer and a bolder matter, and sometimes, collaterally, a more 
delicate sound, both to me myself,*' and I would add to the "boys" who 
figured in these scenes. I would liierefore beg the indulgence of my readers 
if some of these relations seem trivial, uninteresting, or pointless; they will 
not seem so to all who shall read these lines. 

President Andrews was a man of tender, loving solicitude for his boys. 
Many a boy to-day, amid the temptations and trials of a busy life, owes his 
strength to the advice and mutual prayers he enjoyed in the day of weakness 
from and with that manly man. The mere effervescence of carbonic acid gas, 
although the cork broke the mirror, was lightly dealt with, but vitriol squirting 
was promptly punished. " Young gentlemen," he said, " be men ; I love a 
joke as well as the best of you ; I enjoy anything that is pointed and harmless: 
but marring, mutilating, destroying, is mean and ungentlemanly, and I despise 
a mean action, and I want you to feel the same way." 

But, although we knew that he believed this, we thought at times, tJiat he 
did not enjoy it, in the celerity and promptness with which lie undid what 
was done. He seemed to take in the situation at a glance, provide and apply 
the remedy, before we had fairly caught our breath, exhausted in the attain- 
ment of our object. 

Just before, and after he came, the bell-clapper mania was at its height — 
abstracting bell-clappers by day and by night, and some even beibre they had 
cooled in the blacksmith shop. I must confess, at this distant day, that I can 
see no point about this particular form of industry ; but the same remark 
might be made about Nero fiddling, or Biantes filing needles, or Domitian 
catching files. At any rate, the middle division chimneys hold embosom'd in 
their deeps a number of Keats's " music's golden tongues." A — 's relations to 
these "stormy events" were not above suspicion. The President met him 
one day and said to him, " We have been annoyed by the stealing of clappers, 
and I thought I would apply to some trustworthy student to have the annoy- 
ance stopped, and if you will please use your influence to have one of the 
stolen clappers left at the bell-ringer's door, no more will be said about it." 



KENYON COLLEGE. 267 



Whether tlie student thought the Pi-esident knew that he was one of the 
culprits, or whether he was bribed by the appellation of "trustworthy 
student," dejionent saith not. But the clapper was refuriieil as desired: and 
for all I know that idential clapper is there still. 

"Calling shapes and beckoning .shadows dire," 
At half-])ast five on 

"Incense-breathing morn" to prayers. 

Seven Jads labored for three hours, one terribly cold Saturday nijclit, to 
barricade the entrance gate to the Park, by piling between its massive pillars, 
ploughs, snow, salt barrels, and a wagon that had been carefully and anatoinii-- 
ally taken apart : over the whole was ])oured an aVjundance of water, making 
a solid frozen mass. This certainly would not he moved on Sunday, it would 
j)revent the villagers from attending church, but above all it would test the 
new President. Morning came. He looked at it a few moments, went over 
the hill, eiigaged a dozen men who were working on the road bed of the 
new railroad, paying them a dollar an hour. They opened a way in a short 
time. Then he tracked the perpetrators, got them to confess, and kindly 
invited them to liquidate. They liquidated. 

The Sophomores invited the Freshmen to an evening reception at the 
President's. The plan was to have thirty Freshmen in the Presidential parlor, 
awaiting entertainment, young ladies, music, and a groaning table, all of which 
could not reasonably be expected, simply because the host and hostess were 
ignorant of the whole arrangement. To give an air of jirobability to the whole 
affair, the President's son, then a young lad, sworn lo secrecy, was charged 
with the delivery of the invitations. All promised well. The invitations 
were given. A number of tlie Freshmen appeared at " prayers "' that evening, 
apparelled in party costume. An unfortunate accident occured, which gave 
the President another opportunity to outwit the "boys."' One of the Fresh- 
men dropped his invitation on the floor of the chapel. It was picked up by 
one of the Professors — for all of the ProfeHSom used to attend prayerit in 
those days — and handed to the President, who "took in" the situation at a 
glance. His wife's matured domestic plans, for one evening, were completely 
overturned. The whole house was astir, provisions were ordered, invitations 
accompanied with e.xpianations sent to a number of young ladies. When the 
Freshmen came in bashiid groups of twos and threes, they found all and more 
than their young hearts fondly expected. There was a free discussion of every 
topic but the main one. They feasted emotionally — mentally and physically. 
And only next day did the Freshmen discover what a narrow escape they had 
from an annoviuir di=;cnnifituri'. 



268 KENYON COLLEGE. 



II. As this is not work, we may be permitted to sliip about. Let 
memory be unbridled and unharnessed. We will therefore go back to 1852, or 
was it 1853 ? At any rate, C. came from Maryland. He was a curly-headed 
Apollo, Ohio hair, stood six ieet in his stockings, weighed about 180 pounds, 
not reckoning his vocabulary, the latter was weighty, rich, abundant, and if 
the nouns and adjectives that fell from his lips did seem to linger about with- 
out any visible means of support, the •' boys " over-looked it, for the constant 
theme of his conversation was love, and his conquests in that realm of roses, 
rainbows, and music. He had, to hear him tell it, accomplished so much in this 
department, that the boys, out of sheer gratitude, should have set great store 
by so rare an article brought out at such a cost. But they didn't do it. He 
invoiced himself very high, thinking rather of the specific than the ad valorem 
standard, he had brought his wares to a wrong market, the market was glutted. 
He was pure metal all the way through. He might have been moulded at a 
brass foundry. The boys were not long in estimating probable values, and 
probable remuneration for toil and self-denial in giving him one element at 
least of a full collegiate education. The fact was that he was stiff with vanity, 
and it was resolved " to take the starch out of him,"" by playing upon this 
weakness of his character. C. as such men do, had made a great many 
intimate friends. One of these informed him that a certain young lady had 
fallen in love with him, and was anxious to meet him for the exchange of 
mutual vows. This ne'ws did not apparently surprise our hero. It was 
accepted as a matter of fact. Negotiations were easily made through third 
parties, between the supposed principals, and the time and place appointed 
for the meeting. The place was in the rear of the Seminary, where Mr. 
Putnam's house now stands. It was then covered' with trees and hazel-brush. 
Charley J. was for a season to represent the lady. He was a member of the 
class of '54, a strong and fun-loving class. Charley was of medium stature — 
regular features — beardless. He was a mimic, in short, possessor of all the 
qualities necessary to bring such an entei'prise to a successful conclusion 

It was the very witching time of the night; the stars shed a brighter 
beauty, the hazel and dog-wood blossoms exhaled a more delicious perfume 
for the young couple, who were walking and dreaming. Nature conspired with 
the beloved, and he, no doubt, saw his manly countenance mirrored in the 
liquid blue eye of his fair companion. 

What wonder that the lapse of the fast-running minutes failed to separate 
the ensouled bodies and the embodied souls. At length they stopped, and 
while she, with upturned face, was looking for HerschePs newly discovered 
planet, he, not so interested in Astronomy, glued his lips there, '' where all of 
Hybla's luscious sweets were hung.'" It was not Thompson's " kiss, snatched 



KENYOX COlAA-AiK. 269 



haslily IVoiii I he side-long maid," hut Byron's in Don Juan, "a lon<r, long kiss 
of youth :iii(l love." '" A<;cenditf|ue in oculis dulce desiderium." 

But my pen iaitcrs, and I must hasten to the conidusion of iny (ale. While 
these scenes wei'e being enacted (L was ohlivious to certain sounds, which 
ordinarily woidd excite apprehension. Dried leaves rustled, twigs broke, an 
observant eye might be seen here and there, forms moving al)0ut, but always 
drawn liy some centri])tal jjowei- to this charmed centre. The time came for 
action. Out step|)('il a farmer, armed with a cbd). and with threatening voice 
and attitude demanded of (\.-in cxjiiaiiat ion of this secret meeting with liis 
daughter. Brothers of the fair one api)eared, noisy, im])erious, aiid Iiristling 
with clubs. She seemed to have mcu'e relatives than I'riani or Brigham 
Young's eldest lioru. lie fell upon his knees, he begged, he plead for dear 
life, and when he saw his persecutors ini])Iacable, and an opening presented 
itself for probable escajje, he made a .juniji. It seemed as if he was made of 
watch-springs and gumelastic. Like a deer on his run pursued by hounds, 
|]<' headed for tlie college. lint in addition to the voices of his jiursurers, he 
iiad to receive many a blow and threat on his winding way. Every fallen log, 
ditch, every fence corner, seemed to hide a relative, who would leap at him, 
strike, and with blood-curdling yell, .join in the general pursuit. Weak, faint, 
bruised, he reached his room. 

A few" days after and C's. name ceased to be read at ndl call, it would 
liave been forgotten by all, excepting hei'e and there one with memory better 
endowed, lint for this event in his brief academic career. 

III. I'oor 11. was killed at the lirst battle of Bull Run. lie came to 
<iand)ier in the 50's, from the southern part of the State. Like many you no- 
men he too had gotten tlie notion that in order to be a college student in good 
staniling. it was necessary for him to leai-n the accomplishments as well as the 
studies in the regular course, and that one of these accomplishments was the 
ability to stow away a given amount of " l)eer." By means of maneuvering 
and certain " (lank movements," he got possession of a keg of" beer," and hid 
it in his trunk. lie drank steadily for several days, and was seen somewhat 
intoxicated, <uie evening, by two of the Professors' wives. The President was 
didy informed, searched (lie room and found the keg. H. was brought before 
the Faculty and was questioned substantially thus: Pres. Andrews, loquitur, 
•• Don't you know Mr. 11., that it is a violation of college laws to keep or drink 
intoxicating liquors?" Mr. H., "Yes, sir." Pres., "What induced j'ou to 
liring that vile stud' into (he college building?" Mr. IL, "That, sir. was 
according to my physician's perscription." Pres., "Well, sir! have you 
derived any special benefi( from it V Mr. H., " Yes, I (hink I have." Pres. 
■• How could you discover that in so short a time?" Mr. H., " I will tell you. 
When that keg was first brou^rht to my room, it was all I could do to lift it 



270 KENYON COLLEGE. 



into my triuik, and now I can cany it anywhere about my room with perfect 
ease." The Faculty could not be blamed for indulging in an audible smile. 
Tliey compounded with tlie criminal. 

IV. His name was Fiddler. It was a family patronymic. Besides it 
was his middle name. He came from the west, and he is now a prominent 
physician in his native State. In 185-, at the time of his advent, he was tall, 
brawny, slightly stoop-siiouldered, quick in motion, but slow in speech, with a 
patois peculiar to the section from which he came. Tlie fact becoming known 
that lie was raised on a farm, only gave the "boys" an additional reason for 
believing "Fiddler" to be "gi-een," and consequently a good subject for a 
series of experiments then in vogue. The form of the first experiment was 
fixed ; it was to be an examination, conducted by a few students, disguised as 
memliers of the Faculty. The day was set. W. B., familiarly known as 
"Nebraska Bill," was fo act as President. He was chosen for this position, 
because nature had endowed him with a face, which, though grave and 
immovable as that of a modern tobacco sign, yet hid a soul of great humour 
and a mind of almost infinite resources, that is, in anything of this character. 
The place was the northeast basement room, east wing. Time, Saturday 
afternoon. The room was locked. B., bewigged and bespectacled, sat in his 
chair; the rest of us, disguised as Professors, sat around in dignified silence, 
or pretending to discuss some intricate mathematical problem. "Fiddler," 
conducted by a supposed tutor, stood before us. After a few preliminary 
questions in Grammar and Arithmetic, the following was about tlie conversa- 
tion that ensued, as far as I can recollect: 

B., as President, " Take a seat, sir. Before you can reasonably expect to 
participate in the honors and emoluments of this magnorious institution, we 
want to ask you a few questions to assure ourselves that your studies will not 
be ruthlessly interrupted by the influence of the outside world. Where are 
your paternal acres located, and do you feed your father's flocks on the 
Grampian hills?" F., in an apparent daze, " What?" President, "Where do 
you live?" F., "In X." President, "Have you succumbed to the illusive 
enchantments- of love?" F., "Don't know what you mean." President, 
"Did you leave a girl behind you?" F., a gleam of positive conviction and 
intelligence passing over his face, " Well," hesitating, " Yes." President, 
solemnly, "Describe her person." F., "Well, she's middlin' tall, black hair, 
black eyes." President, "Did you kiss her often, and especially did you do 
so before you left home?" By this time it began to dawn on Fiddler's mind 
that this might possibly not be a part of the usual examination preliminary 
to full college privileges. This conviction, unfortunately, was strengthened 
by signs of vain attempts to suppress the play of facial muscles which his 
quick eye detected on the faces of one or two members of the self-constituted 



KENYON COLLE(iE. 271 



raciilty. (Quickly he stretched out his ri<,'lit liml), drew up his troiiser's leg, 
pill his hand in liis hoot, l)roii^hl out ol' its sheatii a lontc, sharp, wicked 
looking knife, and arose from his chair. Just then wigs, spectacles, chairs, and 
stoves were plenty; no one seenieil "to he getting np a corner on them ;" the 
air and liie lloor s,M-n)c(l lijicd with tiiein; cveryliody was for hin)seil'. Never 
was the conimand in .AL-Kdieth more literally observed : "Stand not n])on tiie 
order of your going, hut go at (nice." ".\nd there was mounting in hot 
haste." 1)., artive and lithe as a cat. struck for the north window. One 
uioineiil. and he went througii. carrying tiie ujjper >ash around his neck. 
Sonicliody was begging for mercy. It only heightened the impression thai 
iwii or tliree would he murdered anyway, .'^ome followed 1). on his gory path, 
iiiaiU- easy now h\ the gallant pioneer. 'I'he others escaped in various ways; 
and Fiddler, alternately laughing and yelling, like Tecumseh in the corn 
dance, was lell in undisturlied possession of the hattleiield. 

V. In -lune, "5.5. there occurred an oratorial contest in Mt. Vernon. 
\V . L. S. d(divered one of the orations. He carried off' the victors crown. 
At least the Democratir Bannerol that day published several hundred copies 
ol' iS.'s oration; and for months, "on the hill,"' in halls, on walks, in private 
and social gatherings, glittering gems from this oration were allowed to 
s]iarkle and display their varied beauties. -The boys" had committed 
eloquent passages to memory. Although some may think that 8. simph' held 
up a dictionary that had a leak in it, yet I know it will be of interest to those 
who thirty -five years ago left Kenyon's lialls, and are now engaged in the 
busy walks of life. I understand that S. is now a member of a AVestern 
legislature. The oration filled four columns of the Banner. It is all of the 
same "beauty and eloquence." I will select a few paragraphs in which 
sentences occur that are still ringing in my ears. 

"Virtue will Triumph." — "It is beginning to besiege the imperial 
liabitaticms of aspiring dynasties, to thrill, agitate, and threaten tyrants, 
inonarchs. and exhorbitant usurpers, excoriating their malignant, virulant 
motives from all fraudulent dissimulation in which they are invested, that in 
iheir subterranean coverts they might the better and more decisively environ 
and restrain the unobstructed advancement of the minds of their subjects, 
and thus clandestinely promulgate their blighting influence and prosecute 
their infamous determinations ; it is dethroning emperors, dissolving kingdoms, 
undermining thrones; while involuntary subjection of every kind, absconds 
before the universal franchisement of man; it is unremittingly suffocating 
intoxication, beligerently conrpiering every passion, and subduing every 
libidinous appetite and desire. Like an aggressive invader, it environs the 
black receptacle of immoderate indulgence, discomfits the vigilant watchman 
])laced upon the watch towers, uncaps the turbulent sea. with a demon like 



KENYON COLLEGE 



grasp it tlirows open the contaminated headgates of the boiling, engulfing 
whirli)ool of intemperance, corrivates the variously originated estuaries of 
excess, conducts the pestiferous stream along the established conduit, and, 
notwithstanding its potent obluctations, precipitates down the intermediate 
declivities into eternal oblivion; this ■ mighty heaven-born antidote is a 
sutlicient counterblast to the erratic evaporation of the epidemics of space and 
chronics of duration, the preposterous extremes, superstition and inlidelity; 
yes, ladies and gentlemen, virtue ■will finally triumph." 

VI. The jihilosophical recitation room was the southwest corner room, 
third story, west wing. I can see it yet — black-boards, benches, philosophi- 
cal glass, and hardware. It w^as there that Rev. Mr. AVinthrop met us a( 
annual examinations, and in his peculiar voice used to ask us to tell him all 
about "Tupto,'' its source, tributaries, its wandering and final destination. It 
was there tliat tutor B***y used to preside, in '54, a Dublin man, I believe, at 
any rate, short of stature, head planted deep in his shoulders, an ambling 
gait, Batrachian voice, a diligent student, M'hile he understood mathematics, 
he did not seem to understand the complete art of imparting what he knew ; 
for many a time, when he stood at the board with some luckless wight, ex- 
plaining the intricate involutions and evolutions of some mathematical prob- 
lem, were both heads surrounded with a halo — a nimbus of chalk dust — 
emanating from chalk rags tlirown by those wiio were bent on verifying 

Watfs lines — 

"For Satin tinds some mischief still 
For idle hands to do," 

You could not expect them to imitate Gibbon's Monks, sit with their chins on 
their breasts and contemplate their gastric centres. Once after D. B.had 
double-shotted the electrical machine, poor tutor B., in the act of picking up a 
piece of chalk, allowed his liead to come in contact with the " business end " 
of the machine, it laid him prone, as if struck by lightning. On rising from 
his prostrate position, he remarked, " Ah, young gintlemen, I quite lost my 
sinces ! " It was in this room that Eev. Mr. Bonte, then a student in the sem- 
inary, used to teach a student's Bible Class, a matter of profit and instruction 
to many who to-day are in life's busy mazes. It was there in '54 that Prof. 

S^ n. an imported Cambridge wrangler, exhorted us to diligence in the 

study of higher mathematics, especially calculus '' the keystone of the noble 
arch," he used to call it. lie had a humid tenor voice. "Gentlemen," he 
said, "do not manifest your approbation by any boisterous demonstration." 
Again : "If you could but see the trismegistic tangent, and the fluxions of ex- 
ponential and logarithmic quantities, the assymptotes would pass through 
your being, and you would become an inspired parabola." I do not pretend 




SOME KENYON CLERGYMEN. 



J. M. Kendrick, D. D. 
I. N. Stanger, D. D. 
Alfred Blake, D. D. 



A. V. G. Allen, D. D. 
John Cotton Smith. D. I). 
Noah Hunt Schenck, D. U. 



David H. Creer, D. D. 
Heman Dyer, D. D. 
Wm. S. Langford, D. D. 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 273 



to quote his exact words, but this is about the impression it left on my mind. 
.lust imagine growing citizens under his pestle being triturated into absorption 
of the garnered wisdom of the ages. You might as well expect a Hindoo to 
keej) track of tlie midnight marches of the solar s.ystem, as to expect to follow 
liim through his double duplex, complex, compound technicalities. He used 
lo tlirow out his riddles and rebuses, and invariably they would come back 
to hiin unanswered. G. V. and F. T. were the only ones who pretended to 
know anything about it. On examination day B. C. and J. S. copied their 
problems from their culfs, and "Jolin" his from his tinger nails. One night, 
about the middle of a term, somebody or bodies stole every Calculus on the 
Hill; even the Professor's had vanished. If it was difficult to recite with 
tliein, what could we do without them^ There were sputtering tokens of an 
imeasy condition, faculty meetings, etc. The matter was dropped. I surmise 
that the introduction of the study was right enough, l)ut the Professor could 
not manage and mould the material before him. As a rule, though there are 
many exceptions, teachers of American students should he "to tlie manor 
liorn." 

\'II. In IS.").'!, tlie lime of which I am to speak, Professor D n was 

tlie autocrat of this room. He was a tall, spare man, lithe and active, dis- 
tinguished by one predominating element in his character, great seriousness. 
To Iiim life was real; there was a deep and pervading sense of responsibility; 
his position to him could have but one object, the saving of souls. His walk 
was slow; his conversation very ileliberate. He was a persistent man. In 
tliose days the term used to extend to the latter days of July. One hot July 
Sunday afternoon, he preached upon the text, " B<it and If:" Matt. xxiv. 48. 
He expounded a long time, until Professors and students were nodding in 
entire approval, or in sweet oblivion, to the learned words that came from the 
sacred desk. The preacher, seeing the condition of things, stopped and an- 
nounced the thirtieth hymn " Awake, ye Saints, Awake,'- and then, when the 
singing was over, very deliberately proceeded to give us another installment 
of his sermon. He was a man of very affectionate disposition; he was a good 
man of tender heart ; exceedingly sensitive to injury, rudeness, and boister- 
ousness, and, we sometimes tliouglit, wori-ied over harmless escapades more 
than was necessary. He spent much of his time in admonishing the "young 
gentlemen." A quarrel or an ultramontanist objuration would bring tears to 
his eyes. I seem to see him, after S. and 0. had an altercation, when the 
latter, a hot-headed Southerner, had wound his lead-headed cane around the 
neck of the former, until the head struck " Adam's Apple," and when the 
hitter's high liat lay flattened out of recognition on the walk. The,v both ran 
down and through the subterranean passage way of the Middle Division, on the 



274 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



ai^proach of the professor. He picked up the hat. stroked it with his hand, 
and witli weeping eyes, talked to us in his serious and aft'ectionate manner of 
tlie sin of quarreling and swearing. 

YIII. The Professor occupied the liouse east of the walk in front of the 
College. He owned a yearling calf. Daily it could be seen grazing and gam- 
bolling in tlie front yard. To the hoys of bucolic turn of mind it was natural ; 
but to those who were as full of life as the calf, it was suggestive. 

One night in June, a band of twenty entered the sacred precincts, seized 
the calf, and turning liis head towards the West Wing, tried to induce it to 
walk to and enter college. It formed an interesting spectacle : there were 
subdued exclamations, various physical attitudes, constant miscellaneous dis- 
play of legs and arms. Finally the procession reached the Wing. A. and E. 
had the calf by the ears, M. held it by the tail ; the rest divided themselves 
into regular relays, to do the heavy lifting on the sides. At first they thought 
the calf might weigh three or four hundred. Going up stairs it seemed to 
weigh a thousand. It struggled, went backwards, sideways, any way but the 
right way. After about the lapse of half an hour of tugging and pushing, the 
perspiring crowd reached the philosophical recitation room. Then to work. 
First a suitable pen was made out of benches, and then " our artist," with 
paint and brush proceeded to the task of changing the calf into a zebra, l\v 
])ainting alternate black and white stripes along his sleek sides. The artist 
was at work ; tlie boys stood around in admiration or complimenting each 
other on the finished achievement, when, lo ! there in the doorway, the only 

means of exit, stood the tall form of Prof. D n 1 For a moment all M'as 

hushed. " Cabin'd — cribVl — confin'd ! '" they stood there as if they saw 

Medusa's head. 

"There was silence still as death: 
And the boldest h^ld his breath, 
For a time, " 

wlien ]\[., the first to gain self-possession, blew out the light, and then a voice 
slow and solamn came trickling through the darkness, " Never mind, gentle- 
men, I have a light of my own I " Following the words, a dark lantern drawn 
from beneath his cloak sent its rays across the room. Charybdis or Scylla ? 
" Out of this nettle, danger, we pluck tliis flower, safety." " Run amuck, and 
tilt all you meet."' There was a rush for the door in a mass. M. led the 
attack with a blackboard, like an ample shield, in his arms. The Professor 
fell, the board covered him, and over Professor and board leaped the band. 
In descending, they were not very particular in stepping upon every particular 
step. Scattering to their several rooms, deep silence pervaded the building. 
The Professor took possession of the field. Trophies — item, one paint pot 



KENYON COLLEGE. 275 



and brush; item, five caps; item, one half-finished zebra. The falling of the 
Professor was a pure accident, and none regretted it more sincerely than 
those who brought it about. 

The next day there were ominous signs of activity — faculty meetings — 
boys going and coming to and from the council chamber. Captured caps were 
put in evidence against the accused. The Professor was sure that one of the 
culprits of the night before had a beard, and although there may have been 
two or three among the students who liad beards the day before, to-day all 
were clean shaven. Four were tried, convicted, and dismissed. M. had a 
narrow escape. His supposed cap, a peculiar one, was brought in evidence 
against him ; but when he came that evidence was neutralized, because he 
had his cap in his hand. A long time afterwards it leaked out, that, on that 
night, missing his cap, and fearing the consequences, he walked to Mount 
Vernon, awakened King's hat store clerk, bought another like it, walked back 
in time for prayers, 6 a. m., and thus escaped. 



CI 5ab '£cttci from Presibcnt Ctnbrcios to 3i5l]op 2U'^3loainc 



I write to you at this time with a heavier heart than since I became 
President of Kenyon. I wrote to you on Friday that on my return I found the 
anticij^ated ditficulty already commenced. Some members of the secret society 
I mentioned have long been very angry at one of our 1 utors,' because he had 
obeyed my instructions, and had reported them as absent very late at night. 
They long since threatened him, and said they would render his position too 
liot for him. 

On my return I found they had commenced on Tuesday by snowballing 
tlie Tutor, and breaking with their balls college windows after he went into 
tile building. The following day a student struck the other Tutor with a 
snow-ball, for which he was immediately brought before the Facultj', and sus- 
pended from the Institution. 

The large number engaged in the other trouble decided the Faculty to 
leave it till my return. When I came, I began the investigation at once. The 
result was a great degree of excitement. I have been personally insulted for 
the first time in my twenty years' teaching. My stable was broken into, the 
lock torn from the door, and my horse was trimmed. His long, beautiful mane 
and tail were cut oft' close. The horse was a pet in my family. I have never 
in all my life had my feelings so outraged. It is hard to give one's whole 
heart for six years to a college, and at the end receive such a reward. I am 
sick at heart. In haste. Yours trulv 

LURIN ANDREWS. 



276 KENYON COLLEGE. 



HecoIIcctions of iienyon llnber President ctn^reuis' Cl^lnini£.tration 



JSY REV. ALEXANDER V. G. ALLEN, ]). D. 



Cambridge, Mass., December 26, 1890. 

My Dear Dr. Bodine — In response to your kind request I send you a few 
lines in which I have sought to express my sense of indebtedness to Keuyon 
College. I regret that I have not the time to give more than a meagre outline 
of the College, as I knew it. It was in the year 1859 that I went to Gambier 
and was enrolled as a member of the Sophomore Class. The old college build- 
ing was full to overflowing and the students were seeking rooms in various parts 
of the village. Ascension Hall was in process of erection to provide for the 
emergency, as also for the increasing numbers which the future years promised 
to bring. It was a moment of enthusiasm in which teachers and students 
shared. Everything spoke of growth and expansion. To me, coming from a 
distant home, it was like waking up in a new world, where everything which 
I saw commanded my intei'est, my respect also and admiration. 

Dr. Lorin Andrews, who was at the head of College, impressed us by his 
manly bearing, his earnestness and vigor. He had been a successful man in 
life, imparting, as I fancy, something ol' his own buoyancy to his new charge. 
I cannot speak of him as a teacher, lor I never came under his instruction. 
His department was mental and moral philosophy assigned to the President, I 
suppose, by way of marking the dignity of the office. 

For three years I sat under the teaching of Professor Trimble. We read 
with him the usual Greek and Latin authors, with as much thoroughness as 
they were read anywhere at the time, so far as my knowledge extends. To be 
sure our attention was rarely called to the spirit or style of an author; but 
I doubt whether that were the case elsewhere. I think we felt that Pro- 
fessor Trimble was quite competent to have done something for us in the 
higher walks of classical culture; but he was a sensitive man and perhaps he 
felt as if it would be casting pearls before those who did not know their value, 
if he went beyond the routine required of him. Days have strangely altered 
since then; the standard of education has not only been raised but its methods 
have been altered. At that time the work of teaching was done by recitations, 
a process which seemed to involve the tacit assumption of an hostility of inter- 
ests between teacher and pupil. While the teacher was getting what he could 



KKNYON COLLEGE 



out ol' the students, it was in hunaan nature for tlie student to feel that an 
escape from recitation was a clear gain. Professor Trimble may have acqui- 
esced in a situation wiiich he was powerless to change; but he was designed for 
better things. Under tlie happier auspices of a system where the interests of 
teaclier and taught are assumed as identical, I think he would have shone as a 
source of general enthusiasm for the work which he loved. I owe to him a 
tendency to trace words (o tiicir origin w liich has ever since been a pleasure 
and a iielp to me. 

In Pliysics or the Natural Sciences we had a teaclier of whom we were all 
proud, knowing him to be the peer ol' his co-workers in his department — Pro- 
fessor Hamilton L. Smith. Perhaps he was too much of a genius to be a suc- 
cessiul drill-master to those who, unlike him, were slow to read the meaning 
or the secrets of the external world. But he was charged with the scientific 
spirit, and, for those who showed interest in his work, he was unexcelled as a 
teacher, gladly devoting extra time and energy to their assistance. I may 
also add that, as a companion on a geological excursion, he had no equal. He, 
too, must have been sorely hampered by the obstacles which then stood in the 
way of successfully teaching the physical sciences. But it was a good thing 
for us all to have come under his influence, to know that his reputation went 
Itevdud the small sphere in wliich lie lived, even if we could not appreciate 
the full value of his work. 

Professor Lang was admirably suited to the task of drilling, even the 
slowest and most plodding minds, in the various branches of nit^t hematics, 
(ireat patience, combined with great kindness of manner, made him a most 
encouraging teacher for those who. without encouragement, might have miser- 
ably failed. He had one gift, which I think is rare, of exciting in a man, even 
of humble ability, a certain respect lor himself. He knew how to fan the 
faintest sparks of matlieinatical capacity till they developed into a respectable 
llame. 

Dr. Francis Wharton was then a layman, devoting himself, gratuitously, to 
the department of Modern History and English Literature. A biography of 
liiin, now in course of preparation, will disclose, more fully than I can do here, 
the nature and extent of his services to Kenyon College. I gained Irom him 
a deep and lasting interest in literature. For its study he was rarely adapted, 
possessed, as he was, of a delicate and subtle appreciation of the beauties of 
thought and style. He was, by constitution, a Humanist of a higher order, 
with an instinctive perception of the quality and meaning of life, with a deeji 
sympathy fur all human manifestations. He was a very interesting man. 
making al! that lie tmiched interesting. From him also I gained my lirsl con- 
ception of the ])icturesque aspects of history, and my first conviction of its 
value as a psychological revelation of the soul of humanity. The same fas- 



278 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



cination and sense of the living reality of things he carried into his work as a 
lay-preacher. I recall the crowds that flocked to the basement hall of Eosse 
Chapel to listen to his lectures on the Acts of the Apostles. It was no ordi- 
nary man who could have drawn students from their rooms or people from their 
homes, on those winter evenings, as he did for successive weeks, to such an 
uncouth, ill-ventilated, badly lighted room. He did it by his charm as a talker, 
by the sense of realitj^ with which he clothed the familiar incidents, by his 
insight into the character of the Apostle who was his great theme. 

In one respect, Kenyon College, in my time, was in advance of many 
similar institutions. It is not long ago that the Phi Beta Kappa orator at 
Harvard complained of his Alma Mater, that she either offered him no 
opportunity of studying German at the time of which I am speaking, or did 
not impress him with its importance. But for two years we had the advantage 
Gat ambier of studying German as a part of the regular course. I mention, 
with respect and with gratitude for what they did for me, the names of Herr 
Messner and Herr Granert. 

Such were the men who made college life seem rich in actual gains and 
rich with future promise. I am confining my remarks to the College, but I 
cannot refrain, in this connection, from an allusion to the Theological Semi- 
nary. Standing, as it did, at the opposite end of the long village street, it 
seemed for the most part as remote to our sympathies as it was removed by 
distance. But there was at least one among its faculty to whom I must refer 
when expsessing my personal indebtedness to the influences of Gambler. Dr. 
McElhinney created in us a respect for scholarship, and for the scholar, of 
whom he was a pure and beautiful type. We might be mistaken in our esti- 
mates of others, but we felt sure even then, that we were not mistaken in our 
estimate of him. We were not competent for the task of verifying his scholar- 
ship, but he impressed us all the same, with its extent and solidity. That our 
belief was well founded has since been shown by his able and learned mono- 
graph on TJie Doctrine of the Church. I always associate him in my mind 
with the kind of man that Erasmus may have been, though he has since told 
me that it was Melancthon who stood to him for an ideal. Dr. McElhinney did 
something to redeem the Theological Seminary from the contempt with which 
it was regarded by students in the College. I do not know that Gambler was 
peculiar in this respect or that the Theological School is an exception to the 
other professional schools. But so it was, however it may be explained, that 
the College world seemed full of life and rich in interest, it lay to our imag- 
ination bathed in sun light while, for thosejwho entered the dark seminary at 
the other end of the village, we felt when in our kindliest mood as the old 
Greeks may have felt for those who had entered the world of the dead ; they 
luid left the fullness and richness of life behind them, they had become objects 



KENYUN COLLK(ilv :>T!1 



of coiniiiiseratiriii. The feeling was, of course, a wrong one, l»ut I rei-all it as 
an element in our life in the College. 

Kenyon College was then a distinctively Church institution. Church 
(Colleges still exist, but the day for founding them has apparently gone by; 
they do not thrive as such, nor are those in charge of them anxious to plead 
this characteristic in tiieir l)elialf ; on the contrary, there is a tendency to dis- 
own it. But I must bear my testimony to Kenyon as a Church College, and 
to the beneficial intluence it exerted under this aspect. There was a decidedly 
religions atmosphere in the institution as though all things tended toward a 
religious end. But at the same time, religion was never thrust upon us, nor 
was it over worked, in such a way as to make us react from its influence. One 
of I lie things by which I was most struck on entering the College was the fact 
tliat it was oflicered exclusively by laymen. No clergyman came into any 
otiicial relationship with us. The faculty in their capacity as laymen con- 
ducted ])rayers in the Chapel, and Professor Wharton gave us most edifying 
sermons as a lay jireacher ; but while they sustained well their religious char- 
acter, they made no direct elfort to enforce religious or church influences. 
WJiether this fact were accidental or whether it was policy, I do not know; 
l)u1 we were almost as much shut out from the direct influence of the clergy 
as the students of Girard College, in Philadelphia. For the first two years of 
my residence in Gambler there was no Chaplain, nor when one was appointed 
was the effect a beneficial one of his attempt to visit the students in his oflicial 
cajiacity. It was rather resented, and in such emphatic manner that the new 
('haplain Ibund himself in a difficult position. I suppose he was regarded as 
external to the true life of the College. I noticed then and have often noticed 
since that the strongest influences on men in college must come out of tlieir 
own circle; and whether rightly or wrongly, the clergyman is apt to be sus- 
pected of working in the interest of some other end that the student has in 
view. At any rate, the old regime of laymen worked well and lor several 
years the College was as prosperous and efficient as its most ardent well 
wisher cnuld desire. Thei'e were those among the students who exerted a 
stronger religious influence than any Chaplain could have done. The religious 
life of these men was sedulously cultivated among themselves. Class prayer- 
meetings, let those sneer at them who will, kept alive the soul of spiritual 
devotedness. We had no beautiful Chapel in those days, nor did we worship 
to the sound of the organ. In the basement of Rosse Hall, cold and unsightly 
and dark, we gathered for morning and evening prayers. But religion was 
none the less real; it had a certain healthy and manly character which com- 
manded our respect. I do not believe that happier or more healtliful sur- 
roundings for young men then existed than were to l>e found in Gamliier. 



280 KENYON COLLEGE. 



I have spoken of the College as represented by its teachers and also in its 
capacity as a Church institution. Let me add a tew words about this College 
as composed of its students. They came for tlie most part from Ohio, some 
from the immediate vicinity, many from the larger cities, and a good number 
from the Southern States. There were others also, drawn from various direc- 
tions by the prospect of support offered by a society in Ohio which existed for 
the purpose of recruiting the ministry. There were those whose preparation 
.was indifferent, and whose ability was slender, there were some who came for 
the purpose of a year's study, not intending to graduate, and some also who 
were mainlj' bent on a good time. But the number, I think, must have been 
relatively large who came with a desire to work, among whom were men of a 
high order of ability. Among the formative influences at Gambler for which 
I am most grateful was my acquaintance and friendship with these men. It 
was they who set the standards and by their own acheivements stimulated 
others to persue them. They were left free to develop themselves according to 
their kind, no dominant influence from without carried them away from them- 
selves. They grew strong and became potent factors in revealing the art of 
speech, the graces of style, or the methods of political life. There were 
incipient statesmen among them, lawyers, administratoi's, ecclesiastics, many 
of whom have since become distinguished. With what dignity they bore them- 
selves among their fellows. It was something to have known and looked up to 
them. 

As I review the life at Kenyon at this distance of time, it seems to me 
that it furnished in a remarkable degree the conditions necessary for the devel- 
opment of personality. It reminds me in some respects of the small Italian 
republics in the age of the Renaissance. No great central influence over- 
shadowed us so as to make us feel our insignificance. It was not difficult to 
take in the range of the required studies, there was healthy and generous riv- 
alry, opportunities were offered for distinction and fame, — fame such as it was 
and to us it seemed great — the Literary Societies created a sphere for other 
capacities than scholarship, while distinction met at once with public recogni- 
tion. Perhaps we did not measure ourselves accurately with the great world 
outside of us. There wei'e motives at work in society of which we did not 
dream. But we were storing up enthusiasm and self-confidence, qualities 
which might not have been grown so easily and naturally had the conditions 
which surrounded us been different. Gambler intensified its influences and 
tendencies by its isolation from the world. Those were the days when the rail- 
way station was at a distance of five miles and was reached only by daily stage. 
There were few social opportunities or distractions. Life became simple and 
homogeneous, and was beautiful in its simplicity. The only thing of impor- 
tance was the College which existed for us and we for the College. We were 



KENYON COLLEGE. 281 



learnini;- to study, we were gaining a knowledge of men, and tiie sense of per- 
sonality deepened within us, till we were filled with a boundless enthusiasm. 
It may have been narrow and small to the last degree, but we magnified it 
with the lenses of imagination till the outer world seemed dull and uninter- 
esting by comparison. As I reflect on all that it was to us, I say again, there 
could not have been a better home for young men than was Gambier, in the 
years I am describing, and here I leave it, as I like best to remember it, 
before it was struck with decline, partly by the disasters of the civil war, and 
partly also by other causes which it is not necessary to mention. 

Very sincerely yours, 

ALEXANDER V. G. ALLEN. 



^irst l^all of a (£olIcgc ^raterttity 3uilt in tl^c Unite& States 



FROM AN ARTICLE BY W. H. TUNNARD. ESQ. 



The Lambda Chapter of the Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity was char- 
tered January 17, 1853. The first members were: H. D. Lathrop, of the Class 
of "53 ; Leighton Brooke, James N. Gamble, Moses Hamilton, C. H. James, 
John H. Lamon, of the Class of '54; James M. LeDuc, D. Brainard Ray, James 
H. Larwill. of the Class of '55; David D. Benedict, George T. Chapman, 
Thomas M. James, Fred D. Tunnard, and William H. Tunnard, of the Class 
of '.5(i. 

At that time a law existed in Kenyon College against all secret fraterni- 
ties, and certain expulsion awaited all who should be discovered connected 
with these links between youths and the " spirits of darkness." The secrecv 
of the Chapter and danger oi' membership gave it additional eclat among those 
connected with it. Tliey met in the old Bell Room, in the third story of the 
middle division of the (Jollege building. What nights of stealthy conclave 
followed I Sometimes a mile away within the brick walls of Milnor Hall ; 
again creeping forth into the shadows of darkness, at the midnight hour like a 
Itand of Banquos, whose ghosts would not down, out into the silent woods. On 
the Owl Creek bottoms, or more musically termed the Kokosing valley, about 
a mile east from the college hill, stood a deserted log hut with but a single 
room. It was dark, lonely, surrounded by rank weeds and a dense setting of 
))rambles and interlaced briars. No human foot had been within its walls for 



282 KENYON COLLEGE. 



years, and llie hand ol' Time way upon llie enunhlini;- (inihers and moss-covered 
rool'. Here lor months Ihe jjioneers ol' Lambda assembled, coming singly and 
by circuitons rentes, and held their meetings. Homer Thrall writes: 

"It was the (irsl hall ol' Lambda. It was never dedicated with imposing 
ceremonies and was never I'urnished and decorated with the comforts and sur- 
roundings ol' a pleasing elegance, bul in it were some rare meetings. IT a 
picture is needed to adorn the histor\- of -^ ^^- ''^ in its infancy at Kenyon, of 
this lirsl iiall, seize the !)rnsh and i>aint an old deserted log cabin, very small, 
very low, and voi'v ohl, with no window ;)nd only a single door — standing 
alone in the center of a lield, surrounded with rank weeds^ * * * 

,lus1 what we did at our meetiniis, 1 do not remember, only there were some 
literary exercises, in addition to routine l)usiness. As to opposition from the 
faculty, we encountered none in our tinio, \'ov they had no idea of our exis- 
tence, and, as to what (Uir fellow students outside of the secret band thoughl 
of it — tiiey thought nothing, for they did not know it was establislied." 

Another place of meeting was at a farm house three miles north of the 
College, owned by a Mr. Douglas, an old bachelor, whose sympathy for the 
"boys" induced him to vacate liis dwelling and leave it in possession of the 
members on nights of meeting. 

In 1S54, the badges of the Chapter were hrst displayed by the graduating 
members of that class, creating an astonishment as startling as if a first-class 
aerolite had descended amid the Paters of the institution. A committee was 
appointed ttoiren view Ihe Faculty relative to the matter. That committee 
consisted of James M. Le Due, George T. Chapman, David D. Benedict, and 
Fred. D. Tunnard. A petition was presented to the august body, and they con- 
sented to abolish the rules relative to secret societies. Provided, a member of 
the Faculty would be permitted to attend the meetings. The members con- 
sented and the matter was settled. D. D. Benedict thus relates the result: 

"A short time after this agreement 1 was walking up the college path with 
President Lorin xVndrews, when he asked: 

' How are you getting along'? " 

'Nicely,' I replied. 

' When do you meet ? ' 

' Can't tell you. j\lr. President.' 

'Why not? Did you not agree that a member of the Faculty should 
attend ?' 

' Yes. sir. But we propose to choose the member. We will take Professor 
Lathrop.' The President gave a long whistle aiid changed the subject, ^^'e 
had beaten him. Professor Lathrop, a charter member, had graduated, become 
a Professor in the College, and knew all the movements of the fraternity, but 
had kept his obligations inviolate." 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 283 



Allcr llir li;iii of sccrccv was rciiKivcd liy tlif l''M<'iilly, these hoys, tired 
with st'ekiiif;' <ihs(Mire huts in (U'siM-leil liehls, and hidiii;;' in distant ))arns and 
dihii)idated hnildinjis, of screening' themselves in unused rooms, covered willi 
ihist liy t he rii(i1ste|)s of l^'atiier 'I'inie. and I lie rohwehs ol' un(Iisturl)ed spiders, 
hetliouj^ht tlii'in of erei'tinj;a ])erinanenl hall in some siiiii: and nnfrcMjuented 
sjiot. 'I'he idea was diseussed, and at onee .lames Al. I,e Due, of T.."), and I). I). 
Ileneclirl and j-'red. 1). Tnnnard, of ".")!;, were sele<'te(l and empowered as a 
Ihiildiui; ( 'oinmil tee. 

'I'lie site selerted was in a deej) ravine, out in the dense woods, whose 
monarihs towered alioNc the spot in a steep ascent on botli sides, and amid a 
lieavy growth of nnderlirnsh and liazels. A small stream llowed down the cen- 
lei- of the valley, and a heaulifnl spring gushed from the hillside. It was a mile 
distant from any dw(dling. 'J'he College owneil the l;md and its authorities 
encouraged the enlerjti'ise hy donating the ground .iiid all the timli<'r needed. 
1). 1 ). llenedirt was a])p()inted hy his cu lahorers as andiitert and master- 
l)uild<'i-, \\ itii l''red. I). Tnnnard as his lirst assistant. Pili llulchins and other 
men of the neigliliorhood were employed to fell the trees necessary for the 
i-,il)in,<'ollect them at the s|)ol designated, and jilace them in j)roper position to 
foi-m the frauu' of the iiall. 'I'he shingles foi' the roof were riven out of oak 
and were six feet long. After the frame was completed, Benedict, and Tun- 
n.ii'd, with l)i(di Sawyer, of the village of (iambier, went to Mt. Vernon, tive 
miles distant, and brought out the llooring and ceiling. With the assistance of 
one man this was pnt in its proper ])lace. 'i'he building was twenty feet wide, 
forty feet long, and ten feet high. 

'i'lien came a rem.irkablo scene connected with this enterprise — a scene 
which rises tVom the vista of the past in a vivid delineation, an imperishable 
record on meuior\'s long neglected tablets. Kvery youth in the Chapter — 
from the dignilieil Senior with his lofty conceptions of his self importance, 
down to the tledgling Freshman, whose ajjparent greenness was bait for a 
sedate bovine — were detailed to diink and plaster with mud this pioneer edi- 
(ice. 'Twas a rare frolic and holiday for these disciples of (dassic literature and 
abstrnse learning. The quiet solitude of that unfrequented dell then wit- 
nessed a scene such as never before, or since, has disturbed its serene calm. 
One squad fitted pieces of wood into the gaping apertures between the unhewn 
logs; another manufactured mortar of the sticky clay, down by the rippling 
stream; a third brought it to improvised apprentice plasterers. They thought 
not of soiled or torn clothes, noi- the horror of mater familias in distant home, 
had she witnessed this unique method adopted by her petted son in drinking 
the watei's of the Pierian spring. They were a motley crew, with sleeves 
above their (dhows, barefooted and ]iantaloons rolled above their knees — ai-ms 



284 lOiNyoN COLLE(;E. 



and legs painted with clay, tlie color ol' an aboriginal Comanche — a Veritable 
hive of bees, or colony of beavers at work. 

Occasionally comical "Nebraska Bill" (Bryan) wonld monnt the stnmp 
and harangne tlie crowd, or eloqnent Tom James would climb to this natural 
rostrum and grandiloquently talk of the manliness of manual labor; winle 
Joiinny Leithead wonld succeed him only to complain that he was a constitu- 
tionally tired boy. Dainty George Chapman, who abhorred soiling his hands 
Avith mud, used a shingle for a trowel; "Noisy" Fred. Tunnard, an ubiquitous 
personage, was everywhere a1 once, doing all the work, and "blowing" too; 
good little Frank Hurd, the pet of the Chapter, was not required to work, but 
made a good mud slinger; and Benedict, boss of all work, was the '" hero in 
the strife.'* The work was accomplished in a single day, a fair sample of 
the energy and industry of those boyhood days, and the traits of character 
wiiich have since distinguished the men who liave been heroes in the world's 
battle. 

Within, the ceiling was tongued and grooved planks, and the sides and 
ends lathed and plastered with a layer of plaster of paris, while pictures on 
the walls, a carpet on the floor, marble top stands and cushioned chairs, made 
this room a comfortable, cosy, and luxurious retreat for the heretofore wander- 
ers and "artful dodgers." The interstices between tlie outer wall and inner 
ceiling were filled with sawdust and charcoal, the double window shutters and 
solid doors padded, so that not a Avhisper or murmur reached the outer world. 
After the completion of the Flail, Tunnard and Benedict once again advanced 
on Mt. Vernon and brought back a genuine cooking stove, with oven, skillet, 
griddles, and pots conaplete, which cost $20. There was an initiatory supper. 
And such a supper! Not by any means the luxurious and epicurean repasts of 
these latter day gatherings. I'hose were the prim.wal days of the Fraternity. 
The jovial "fellows" quarrelled for the use of (\\e single skillet, and each must 
needs open the oven door to iiispect the roasting chickens and baking potatoes. 
But that was a feast for a king, and right royally was it discussed, amid songs 
and jokes, toasts and bursts of Demosthenean eloquence. 'Twas ditierent from 
those former repasts when " hide and seek " was so successfully played ; when 
each member roasted his potatoes in the ashes and cooked his meat on a forked 
stick. That building was a model of elegance within, with a rough exterior, 
verifying the adage that " Appearances are often deceiving.'' 

Circulars were sent far and near, soliciting subscriptions to defray the cost 
of this construction. Joe Larwell responded witli a $5.00 bill, the only 
advanced contributor. Frank Flurd gave the first $10.00 — a gold piece — of 
his pocket money, and other active members emptied their slim purses into 
the general fund. Not including the stove, this "pioneer property" of the 



KENYON COLLEGE. 285 



iiiijrlity -^ ^ I- I'l-atcrnity wa/ a litth' lann thin, $ 50.00 ! What would llit pres- 
et -i K '^ lliiiik ol l)iiil(linf.' a hall, with a siii;rlc .$0.00 hill to ••omnience it! It 
was not "lilthy Iikti'"' that reared the little hall amid the hill8 of (Central 
Ohio, lull that ;:aiiie spirit whitdi is a characteristic of the Fi-ateruity, backed 
hy II devoted love for the mystic <ireek letters, horn of theii- trials and [tast 
troubles — their loyal hearts united by the golden chain of friendship, whose 
links have never been brok(;n. no matter how calcined and battered and bent 
by the licrcc IImimc- lliroii/li wiiii-h they have jiassed. 



^Extracts from publisbcb better of .^lorien (Siauque, (£sq. 



'• N}ran Yoong Kiung. graduated in ISfj], standing high in scholarshij>, was 
sent as a missionary to his native land. Bishop Bedell, while the writer was 
a student, said this of him. in an appeal for missionary money: "When he 
reached Shanghai, because of the war here, the Church had no money, and he 
was asked whether he would engage himself, temporarily, as an employe in a 
British commercial house, wishing to employ him because he could speak both 
Knglish and (Chinese. The necessity of this step was deplored, as thus 
employed he cf)uld gain for himself wealth and influence, and live in ease and 
iionor in the end. and it would require strong will and great devotion to 
abstra<'t principle to leave this place. lie received the first year $1,000. and 
the ("hurch still conhl not send him. The firm increa.sed his wages to 1 2,000. 
He married a worthy wife, of his race, procured a house, sent to Boston for 
liirniture, an<l started a comfortable home. Next year still no means could be 
had. and .t3.fK)0 was given him. At the end of the third year he was told that 
the (Jhurch could and wished to send him to Hankow, at a mere pittance of a 
salary. The firm ottered him -t 5,000 a year, and used all efforts to retain him. 
But, when asked whether he would give up his place and go. he answered : 
• Ves; for that I was educated, and to that I desire to devote myself." He was 
~ent to that station, until then entirely unoccupied, lived in a mean quarter of 
the city, in a poor house, because not able to pay for a better one. was treated 
with scorn. contemj)t. and abuse, as a renegade from the religion of his fathers, 
was finally mobbed and his house burned down. The money to be raised 
to-day is for Kiung. who refuses to leave Hankow, though now living in the 
greatest poverty and distress." 

Devotion to a sense of duty like that must win the admiration of ( 'hristian 
and infidel alike. 



286 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



"Among Kenyon's honored dead is the late gifted, fearless, and influential 
statesman and eloquent orator, who died when his fame Avas only really dawn- 
ing, Henry Winter Davis, of Maryland. Anotlier, and a greater, is Edwin M. 
Stanton. This iron man, with an iron will and resistless energy, who, during 
certain crises of the war, worked for days and nights together without sleep, 
snatching with one hand the food he ate from the desk at which he was writ- 
ing with the other, would, at laxer times, come to his sister's (Mrs. Walcott), 
in this quiet village of Gamhier, to take a little rest, so quietly at times that 
her neighbors knew nothing of his presence. When the war was over, and 
his great work was done, he came once to a meeting of his old literary society, 
the Philomathesian, and spoke in terms of the most affectionate regard of his 
old alma mater, of his college days and companions, and in such tender words 
of greeting and advice to the students present, that none would have sus- 
pected him of being the harsh and imperious man that his heavy cares and 
herculean labors sometimes made him. All honor to Secretary Stanton ! For 
years controlling daily expenditures, whose enormous magnitude no nation 
had ever before equaled, not even the suspicion of a dishonest act ever 
clouded his fair fame, and almost in poverty he literally worked his life away 
in his country's service. Firm as adamant in the dischai'ge of duty, patriotic 
as a Brutus or a Tell, he was a grand man, to whom, as War Minister, even 
the Pitts of England must yield pre-eminence, and to whom liis countrymen 
have never given the credit he deserves." 

"The questions are often asked: -Why Ken.yon, being so well prepared 
to educate all comers, has so few students ? ' and ' Why is so lai^ge a proportion 
of her alumni so successful?' First — liecause in part, at least, her aim is a 
high order of scholarship, ratlier than many students. Second — the influ- 
ences that surround them while there are exceptionally good. Her course of 
study is well chosen, her Faculty are able men, her requirements are strict, 
yet with reasonable opportunity to make up deficiencies, her government is 
kind, yet firm, and her situation unsurpassed for healthfulness. Perhaps, 
also., that she is attractive to a class of students who are good material from 
the start, and tliat their influence is beneficial to the less gifted and to the less 
industrious." 

" Kenyon has had periods of depression and prosperity in the past, but 
she is far in advance of what she was when her founder left her. Her build- 
ings are sufficient and permanent, and her endowments considerable, but not 
what they should be. Her sons are proud of her past, and have an abiding 
faith in a glorious future in store ibr her, and they know that she is worthy of 
the patronage of the public, without regard to creed or sect, and deserves the 
fostering pride and care of her friends, and that she will repay them all." 



KENYON COLLEGE. 287 



G. Barrel 0rgan 



Rev. Dr. Dyer, in his ''Recollections of an Active Life," gives an account 
of holding service at Esopus. N. Y., and the trouble he had in trying to get 
some music out of a barrel organ engineered by Mrs. Prof. Joy. We, too, had 
a barrel organ in early times in Gambler. When Bishop Chase was in Eng- 
land collecting funds to establish a Church literary institution in Oliio, a 
lienevolent organ manufacturer offered to give the Bishop a small organ, 
worth, perhaps, two to three hundred dollars — either a barrel organ or a 
keyed organ, as the Bishop might prefer. The Bishop, under the impression 
that it might l)e difKcult to procure an organist in the wild West, chose the 
barrel species, so that any one who coidd Ijlow a bellows and turn a crank 
could grind out the music. 

When the writer cnnie to (jianihier in I82!t, his sleeping i)lace was in tlie 
loft of the little one-story log store. In liiis loft were deposited several large 
l)Oxes, supposed to contain the organ tliat had been brought from England. 
In the spring of 1830, the Bishop liad ordered a large stock of dry goods, 
groceries, etc., from Philadelphia. The knotty question came up. Where 
could be found room to display the new goods!' The Bishop, always ready 
lor an emergency, said at once that a frame addition of twenty feet, one and a 
lialf stories in lieight, should be built on the south end of the log store. All 
tiie available mechanics were put in re([uisition, and in two or tliree weeks 
the new addition, nicely finished and plastered, was ready for use. And now 
with a good sized room in the upper story of the new building, the writer 
opened out the contents of the boxes containing the organ. 

Tile boxes had been hauled from Sandusky in wagons, and on opening 
them it was found that all the lead pipes, some of them four or five feet in 
length, were in a frightful condition, many of them flattened, as if a log of 
wood had rolled over them. After a great deal of labor the flattened lead 
pipes were pressed into shape, the organ tuned, not very artistically of course 
and fairly set going. 

About this time, the Bishop said to the writer, " Why don't you unpack 
the organ and set it goingT' I replied that I had already done so, and that 
the organ was in a pretty good shape in the new room over the store. About 
(lie same time was erected that wonderful building known to all Gambier 
students of the last generation as "The Old Seventy-Four," to accommodate 
file large iiuml)er of boys in the two de|)artmeiits of the grammar school the 



288 KENYON COLLEGE. 



senior department under the charge of the hite Rev. Geo. P. Williams, IX I)., 
and the junior department under the care of Dr. Dj^er, who lived with liis 
I'aniily in the east end of the building. The boj^s of that day thought it 
received its name from its fancied resemblance to a seventy-four gunship, but 
much less romantic is the fact that it got its name simply from the fact that 
it was seventy-four feet in length; afterward some twenty or thirty feet were 
added to the east end. It was two stories in height; the upper story was used 
as a dormitory for the boys. The material M'as rough, green oak lumber, fresh 
from the college mill; the building was neither plastered nor ceiled. The 
lower story was for chapel and school-room. Hung on hinges was a partition 
that could be raised or let down, diving the large audience-room into twt) 
equal parts. Near the east end was a partition, and in this partition was 
placed the barrel organ. The operator's place was in the back room, con- 
cealed from the congregation. 

The orgau'consisted of perhaps hall' a dozen stops — principal, lifteenth, 
open and stop diapason, flute, etc. There were three cylinders, each playing 
ten tunes. The tunes were mostly good old English chorals, such as the Old 
Hundredth, Pleyel's Hymn, 8t. Martin's or Gainsborough, Shirland, etc. But 
owing to the imperfect manner of construction, we could make nothing out of 
it, and it was sent to Zanesville to he made into a keyed organ at an expense 
of $200. When finished, owing to a scarcity ol' funds, it was loaned to St. 
Paul's Church, Mt. Vernon. Atfer awhile it was brought back and placed in 
the gallery of Rosse Chapel. The chapel being in an unfinished state, the 
congregation, organ, and all were relegated to the basement every autumn on 
the approach of cold weather, and in the spring moved up stairs again. Eev. 
Dv. Muenscher and his son Joseph managed to get a good deal of music out (if 
the little organ. Owing to the frequent removals, it became dilapidated, and 
the last known of it was the boys had stolen most of the lead pipes to be used 
on their tishing lines. 

During the rectorship of Dr. 8chenck, a mongrel melodeon instrument 
was purchased, which proved noisy but not veiy musical. Afterward, during 
the rectorship of Rev. William Newton, a large Mason it Hamlin cabinet 
organ was purchased, at an expense of $400. But we never had anything 
satisfactorj^ until Bishop Bedell presented the Cluirch of the Holy Spirit with 
that splendid organ that will probably last for generations. 

Gambier, O., January, 1891. ^- ^^'- P- 





'*t;; 



ii:iit 





/^% 




Prest. D. B. Douglas, I.L. I), 
rrof. Edward C. Ross. I.L. I). 
Prest. Thos. M. Smith, D. D. 



'rest. S. A. nronsoii, I). D., I.I,. D. 
'rof. !M. T. C. Wing. D. D. 
ardenbro White, Esq. 



1. Joh, 


Trimble 


A. M. 


St. Lor 


ill .\iidre\ 


vs. LL. D 


)f. Wm 


.Sparrow 


D. D. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 289 



Henyon as Seen by a '68 2Tlan 



liV JOHN liKfKtKS 1.KAVITT, ESQ. 



When ail old stmlent sit.-^ down to put on paper reniiniscenses of his col- 
lege day.s, he is surprised to find that, however vivid he may have thought his 
remembrances of those happy times, the\' fade as he picks up his pen. 

Perhaps that sentence is too much of a generalization. The rules of logic, 
so admirably taught to the Class of '6S by the much loved President, James 
Kent Stone, and so totally ignored by him in his own affairs shortly after, 
come to mind. So, let the statement be limited to the writer. But, by de- 
grees, as the mind recalls the college buildings, the long shaded walk, the 
campus, the recitation rooms, and the many other objects which have never 
faded, then the incidents, and the life there lived, come out again in strong 
relief. 

In that marvelous Ijook 77/e American Comyionvyalth, marvelous for its 
insight into our institutions by a man from another land — its author when 
treating of the smaller colleges, makes the plea in their behalf that they have 
rendered possible, in a new and extensive country, a college education to those 
who, by reason of expense and distance, would otherwi.se have been deprived 
of its advantages; and so we graduates of the smaller colleges of this country, 
while we cannot help regretting that our circumstances were not such that we 
could have gone to Yale or Harvard, yet feel deeply thankful for the advan- 
tages that we did possess. To none of the smaller colleges are the thanks and 
gratitude of its graduates due to a greater degree than to Kenyon. And we, 
of the Class of '68, cannot but feel that we were highly favored in having the 
instruction of the men then composing its Faculty. 

The writer joined the Class of '68 as it entered its Sophomore year. A 
boy of only Ijetween fifteen and sixteen years of age, his judgment as to oc- 
currences during those years can be of but little weight, but as he was an actor 
in some of them, it may be worth while for him to narrate them. It should, 
however, be remembered that the point of view is an important factor in the 
presentatifm of facts, and his point of view as to the tlieological element in 
the unhappy differences of that time was that of a student, youthful and imma- 
ture, and who, like Gallio, "cared for none of these things." 

The winter of 186.5-66, was an uneventful one in the history of the college. 
So also was that of 1866-67. The close of the summer term witnessed the de- 
parture of President Short, a learned man who. however excellent as a Pro- 
fessor, had not displayed great tact as a President. His authority as President 



290 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



was rather more prominent in his mode of government than was politic, creat- 
ing sometimes unnecessary antagonisms. A ratlier amusing incident may be 
given: We Juniors were required to tell him the subjects of our orations, in 
advance of their composition, for his approval. Becoming interested in that 
of capital punishment, 1 thought I would like to spe^k upon it, and gave it in, 
whereupon he asked me which side I was going to speak upon, in favor of or 
against it. It happened that I had determined to condescend to support 
rather than demolish this ancient mode of punishment, and on my so announc- 
ing, he seemed quite i-elieved, and stated that he was glad that I was going to 
speak on that side, as he could not possibly have allowed me to speak upon 
the other. This unnecessary demonstration of authority, as well as illogical 
method of education, nearly caused me to repent my determination, and to 
littack, instead of defending, that punishment. 

We of the student world were much pleased to hear that the Trustees had 
called our Latin Professor, James Kent Stone, to become tlie head of the In- 
stitution. He was a young man, little if any older than some of us. By his 
accurate, conscientious, and patient teaching, his dignitied, firm, courteous 
beai'ing, his sympathies with student human natui-e, his treatment of tlie men 
near his own age as if they were not boys, and his treatment of us boys as if 
we were men — a great thing in the government of a college — he had endeared 
himself to us all ; and we felt that Kenyon was entering upon an era of pros- 
perity and i'liluence when she would attract to her portals crowds of young 
men, as she had done before the war; and especially we, of "68, proud of our 
dignity of being the first Senior Glass under the new President, felt that Ken- 
yon was sure to take her place among the leading colleges of the land. No 
one would then have imagined that a theological cloud, at first no bigger than 
a man's hand, would before one year was out, overspread the collegiate hori- 
zon. But the cloud grew, the storm came on, orthodox lightning blazed, theo- 
logical thunder rolled, and the battle of these elements resulted in doing great 
injury to Kenyon's future. 

I well remember the first occasion when the trouble, which, as it after- 
wai'ds turned out, had been brewing for some time, broke out. Prof. Stone 
had preached a sermon upon the doctrine of the Incarnation. To us who did 
not know anything about it, there was nothing harmful in its teachings — what 
we heard of them, which was not much — for in all probability many of us 
were asleep. The following Sunday a man of war appeared in the pulpit, of 
loud and thunderous tones, of fierce demeanor, and before long we, who were 
taking a gentle siesta, began to awaken to tire fact that he was denouncing 
something or somebody. We found he was preaching upon the doctrine of the 
Atonement. The sei'mon of the preceding week on the Incarnation had em- 
phasized a point, that the Incarnation was the chief doctrine of Religion ; and 



KENYON COLLEGE. 291 



this Kev. Bang-the-Book was claiming that the Atonement was the great doc- 
trine. He assumed an air of "virtuous indignation," and I remember dis- 
tinctly how he rounded otf one of his sentences in a way wliicli made an im- 
pression u])on me that will go with me to my grave. In the nineteenth 
century, when differences in religious l)e]ief are no longer to he settled by 
anathema, this man — not of God, surely — declared in so many words that he 
who did not believe, as he had just been expounding, "should be damned to 
the lowest depths of Hell." We boys did not care much ibr the theology in 
question, but we did not like a stranger coming into our chapel and condemn- 
ing our President to flames, however mythical ; and so we ranged ourselves 
upon the side of our President. 

Into the merits or demerits of wiiat grew into a lierce tiieological l)Mltle I 
do not propose to enter. I know we Seniors, or most of us, took great delight 
in the thought that not long after, we succeeded in doing — what it is doubtful 
if anybody else ever did — making the then Senior Bishop of tiic Diocese, ven- 
erable but determined man, back down. While he had the ai)]i()intment of 
tiie Baccalaureate preacher, it had been the unwritten custom, for :i number of 
years, ibr the Senior Class to indicate their preference, and if theii- ciioice were 
a ])roper one, the Bisliop had made the ap])oinlnit'Ht in accordance with their 
wishes. In the beginning of our Senior year, we had communicated to the 
Bishop that we would he glad if he would appoint President Stone as Bacca- 
laureate Preacher at our Commencement, and he had replied that he would 
do so with great pleasure. Tliis luid been communicated to President Stone, 
and he was at work upon his sermon. \\'licii this theologii-al dispute broke 
out, we heard that the Bishop iiad refusecl to aiipoint Stone, and was going to 
name the Rev. Phillips Brooks; whereuixm we held a Class Meeting, and 
resolved that we would not attend to listen to :iny other prenclier than Stone; 
and as Secretary of the Class I was dejiuted td write to any aj)]»>intee of the 
Bishop's, stating the circumstances, our resolution, and that no ])ersonal dis- 
courtesy was meant, but that we had passed this resolution before any appoint- 
ment had been made; having judiciously allowed this determination to leak 
out, it resulted that Stone preached our Baccalaureate as originally arranged. 

After a wiiile, it was whis])ered rounil tlint (iui- President was going to 
become a Romanist. We indignantly rcinidiated this suggestion, denounc- 
ing it a vile calumny of the enemy; iind when the tight waxed sd lidt tluil 
Stone was forced to give his resignation, the students were loud in tlieii- ex- 
pressions of indignation. At Commencement, upon a complimentary allusion 
being made to him by one of the Seniors in his speech, it was the signal for 
a wild cheering by the students. A very annising inciilent imppened just at 
the end of the Commencement. The speaker, who was of such diminutive 
stature that the boys said he would have to get on a tub on the platform if he 



292 KENYON COLLEGE. 



wanted to be seen, was walking down the aisle with his father just as the 
audience was dispersing; in front of them stalked a Professor in Bexley Hall, 
whose countenance indicated anything but pleasure at what lie considered the 
untoward incident of the day; the youth had concealed from his father, who 
was a Clergyman, the fact that he intended to make the allusion in his speech; 
in rehearsal of it to his father beforehand, he had left that sentence out for 
fear that he should receive a parental inhibition. The father endeavored to 
mollify the aforesaid Theological Professor by stating that he was not respon- 
sible for the incident, in reply to which the irate gentlemen demanded, with a 
shake of his fist, who was responsible. Up steps my little gentleman, all 
aflush with excitement, and looks up at the ponderous gentleman whose waist 

he barely reached, and said, " I am responsible. Dr. B ;" the pertness of 

which proved too much for the good Doctor, and he retired in silence com- 
pletely discomfitted. 

With this incident the writer's knowledge as to personal events at Kenyon 
ceases; except after the lapse of twenty years, and on his return to a class 
reunion in 1888, he was pained by a little episode to find still existing, at what 
we of the College used to call "the other end of the Hill," the evidence of the 
same narrow-minded spirit which drove James Kent Stone out of the Presi- 
dency of Kenyon College, and pursuing him still, finally drove him out of the 
Episcopal Church. Not that I defend Stone. No one was more sorry than I 
at his foolish perversion, for he thereby justified what his enemies had claimed. 
He had been elevated to a high dignity at too early an age ; he lacked balance 
of judgment; he, who taught logic so well, was himself illogical. Certainly his 
book called "The Invitation Heeded" is about the silliest trash ever put forth. 
But if he had been treated kindly by his theological critics at the time of his 
mental waverings, a different result might have happened. At least a dis- 
graceful theological squabble would have been avoided. The episode to which 
I allude is as follows, and I mention it in order to make it a basis for one or 
two remarks as to the future of Kenyon. Morning service was being held in 
the Chapel prior to the Commencement (1888); at its close the President, who 
had conducted the service, using, among other things, a prayer for the Institu- 
tion set forth by authority, announced that the procession would now form to 
go over to Rosse Hall for Commencement, a procession of Students, Professors, 
Alumni, Trustees, etc. As it was being formed, I heard a Professor in the 
Seminary, then just up from his knees, after supposed worship to Almighty 
God, say in an angry tone to a College Professor, " Is the Theological Faculty 
included in this invitation?" To which the other replied, " Why, certainly." 
Whereupon he said, "Why were we left out of the prayer then?" The idea 
that a Professor of theology at one end of " the Hill " should have been 
angry because he had not been prayed for by a President at the other end 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



-. 293 



seemed fo me so in harmony with llie impression tiiat I iuid twenty years Ije- 
lore earried away as to tlie deleterious influence which Bexley Hall had ever 
dill'used that I could not but feel tiiat there was one of the reasons why Ken- 
yon has not pros])ered to a jjreater extent than she has. I remember how 
another Professor in that Theolofjical Seminary, while I was at Kenyon, had so 
used his influence against the Church of which he was a presbyter, and whose 
theology he was teaching, that several of the young men under his influence 
aljandoned their desire to study for its ministry, and went off, some to the Re- 
formed Church, some to the Plymouth Bretheren, one into the ranks of the 
Atlieists. 

And so I venture to urge, if Kenyon College is ever to do her work in this 
world as she ought to do it, remove the Thelogical Seminary. And let that 
"School of the Prophets" find in Columbus, or Cincinnati, or Cleveland a 
home where it too may grow strong and be largely useful. 

A country village may ])e a thorougiily good ])lace for collegiate work, but 
for professional training, whether in theology, or law, or medicine, a city can 
olfer advantages which cannot elsewhere be obtained. 



3nau9uration psalm 



SUNG AT THE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT TAPPAN, JANUARY 19, 1869. 



Almighty Lord, our tiearts to Thee, 
Tlieir happy hallelujahs raise; 

Tlie tribute of our joy accept, 
Incline Thine ear to hear our praise. 



Bless him, bless us, Thy servants all. 
In heart, in hope, in work, in will; 

Thy smile the builders' hearts rejoiced. 
Pour down the Spirit's sunshine still. 



Fresh blessing.^ from Thy throne descend, 
Respou.sive to each prayer, we pray; 

Again Thy gracious help we own, 
A new song tills Thy courts to-day. 



Increase our faith, speed swiftly on 

The new year's work those old years planned; 
Work in us by Thy love and peace. 

Work with us by Thy mighty hand. 



The gift is Thine; we gather here 
To greet the servant Thou dost send; 

The welcome his — the praise to Thee, 
Still ours as once our father's friend. 



Our praises fold their wings and kneel. 
The singing thanks fresh grace implore; 

Still turn, O Lord, the prayers to praise, 
And Thine the glory evermore. 



294 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



presibcnt Cappan 



BY HON. JOHN HANCOCK, PH. D. 



Eli Todd Tappaii was bom in Steubeiiville, Ohio. April 30, 1824. He was 
the son of Judge Benjamin Tappan, United States Senator from 1839 to 1845. 
Judge Tappan bore a conspicuous part in the Senate, and was a man of large 
abilities and inflexible honesty and courage, qualities which descended to his 
son in a remarkable degree. 

Dr. Tappan's early education was obtained in the schools of his native town 
and from tutors employed in his father's family. His higher education was 
carried on at St. Mary's College, a Roman Catholic institution, located at Balti- 
more, Maryland. This institution was selected because it was near to Wash- 
ington, where Senator Tappan then resided, and because of the thoroughness 
of the instruction it gave, particularly in modern languages, for which young 
Tappan had a great fondness. Dr. Tappan left the college in 1842, before 
completing the full course; but he received from it his degree of A. M. in 
I860. He began the study of the law immediately after leaving college, and 
before he had attained his majority. This study was pursued in the law office 
of his father and his father's distinguished partner, Edwin M. Stanton, subse- 
quently known to the whole world as President Lincoln's great war secretary. 
Dr. Tappan was admitted to the bar in 1846. He did not immediately enter 
upon the practice of his profession, but went to Columbus, where he began 
the publication of a weekly paper called the Ohio Press, the first number of 
which was issued January 23, 1846, and the last June 30, 1848. In the last 
named year he began the practice of law in Steubenville, in which practice he 
continued about nine years. But before he relinquished the law his mind had 
begun to be powerfully attracted to the profession of teaching, in which he 
thought he saw the best field in which to labor for the welfare of mankind. In 
other words, lie had about made up his mind to abandon a calling which holds 
out to its followers prospects of wealth and high honors, and give his life to 
a calling which promises neither wealth nor honors. 

On February 4, 1851, he was married to Lydia L., daughter of Mr. Alex- 
ander McDowell, of Steubenville. Drawn to each other by congenial tastes 
and perfect sympathj^, the union was eminently a happy one. 

The first active part Dr. Tappan took in educational work, of which any 
record has been found, M^as the delivery of a lecture on "Arithmetic," in Steu- 
benville, Febiaiary 2, 1854, before a society with the rather formidable name 
of the " Union Institute of Teachers and P^riends of Education for Jefterson 



KENYON COLLEGE. 295 



and Harrison Counties." In this and subsequent lectures he puts the peda- 
gogical idea in the chief place, and shows that minute and keen analysis so 
characteristic of his subsequent work, and a knowledge of the underlying prin- 
ciples of teaching remarkable for a day when, in this country, the science of 
methods had scarcely a name. 'J'his association, of the proceedings of which 
Dr. Tappan has himself left quite a full record, kept up its meetings — doubt- 
less with great l)enetit to its membership — until October 3, 1857, when its 
place was taken by another organization called the " Normal Class of Teachers 
of the (-ity Schools of Steubenville." Of this class, as in the previous associ- 
ation. Dr. Tappan was the teacher of arithmetic. 

In December, 18.56, he met for the first time with the Ohio Teachers' 
Association, at C!olumbus. He at once took an active part in its proceedings, 
and his interest in the work of the Association never waned to the close of 
his life. His was always a prominent figure among his fellow members, and 
his counsels were those of a wise, clear-headed thinker. 

He began teaching in the fall of 1857, in the Steubenville pul)lic schools, 
and was lor a short time their Superintendent. 

In the fall of 1859, he was made Professor of Mathematics in Ohio Uni- 
versity, at Athens, a position which he filled for a year. He left this place to 
teach mathematics in the Mt. Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, near Cincin- 
nati, where he remained until 1865. During this time he wrote his geometry 
and trigonometry for the Ray series of mathematical text books. 

September, 1865, he was again called to the professorship of mathematics 
in Ohio University. This call he accepted, and continued in the pusition until 
December, 1868. 

The Board of State Sciiool Kxaniinei's was established by statute in 186-1, 
and School Commissioner, Dr. E. E. White, appointed Dr. Tappan a member 
to serve for the term of two years. 

In 1869, Dr. Tappan was elected President of Kenyon College, which 
ollice he coiitinued to fill until 1875, at which date he resigned to take the 
chair of mathematics and political economy in the same institution. He did 
not close ills connection with the college until he entered upon the duties <if 
tlie office of State Commissioner of Common Schools, in 1887, to which office 
lie had been elected the fall of the previous year. As will be seen, his college 
work extended over a period of twenty-two years. But though the la))ors of 
the most active period of his life were all in the field of the higher education, 
his sympathies with the work of the common schools were most earnest, and 
based on thorougii knowledge. Probably no man in the State was better 
acquainted with their condition and needs. He also did much to improve the 
teaching in the common schools by his work as County Examiner and Insti- 
tute Instructor. 



296 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Dr. Tappan was President of the Ohio Teachers' Association in 1866. Of 
the National Education Association, the hirgest and most influential or^aniza- I 
tion of teachers in the world, he was Treasurer in 1880 and 1881; and in 1883 
he was made its President. 

In 1880 was established the National Council, a body of educators consist- 
ing at that time of fifty-one members, selected from the membership of the 
National Education Association. Dr. Tappan was immediately chosen one of 
the six members from Ohio of this select organization. 

Besides the text books named in this sketch, Dr. Tappan is the author of 
a large number of addresses and essaj's on educational topics. He also wrote 
the article on school legislation in the volume entitled " Education in Ohio," 
published by the authority of the State for its school exhibit in the Exposi- 
tion of 1876, at Philadelphia. Several months were spent in collecting 
and arranging the facts contained in this article; and in it may be found a 
reliable history of the growth of the school system of the State, so far as 
that growth is connected with legal enactments. 

The degree of LL. D. was conferred on him by Williams College in 1873, 
and by Washington and Jefferson College, in 1874. The same degree was 
also conferred on hira by several other colleges. In 1886, he was elected an 
honorary member of the "Association for the Improvement of Geometrical 
Teaching in England." 

Dr. Tappan's style as a writer is plain and direct. His object seems 
always to iiave been to pack the most meaning into the fewest words. He 
had a high and discriminating appreciation of the master-pieces of literature, 
but sedulously avoided the use of rhetorical figures in his own composition. 
The disdain of ornamentation may have arisen, in part, at least, from the 
severelj^ mathematical cast of his mind. His speaking was earnest and forci- 
ble, and '^jossessed of the same literary characteristics that belonged to his 
writings. 

His was a most reverent spirit. Religion was wrought into the very fiber 
of his being. He was for many years a member of the Episcopal Church ; but 
no one could be less a sectarian, nor more broadly tolerant of the i-eligious 
views of others. His was that charity that sufl'ereth long and is kind. No 
one ever lived nearer the line of perfect rectitude. He never for a moment 
swerved from that line, even under the most trying circumstances. He was 
the soul of honorable dealing in every relation of life. One instance of his 
inflexible integrity may be given. Earlj^ in his life's career, through ho fault 
of his own, he failed in business and compromised with his creditors ; but 
from his scant professional earnings he saved a little year by year, until he 
was enabled to pay every dollar of the indebtedness. And of this heroic 
effort he never made mention except to a few oi" his most intimate i'riends. 



KENYON COLL-EGE. 297 



The transparency ol' liis character was siicii as is selilom seen ; and that 
transparency revealed a sonl of wonderful strenfitli and purity. He was very 
frank of speech. He never left one in doubt for a moment as to what his 
meaning was. He always met the occasion with perfect courage. He never 
lowered his eyes in the ])resenee of any man. Yet there was no hoisterousness 
and self-assertion about him. Tiie gentle serenity of his manner was I he 
unconscious outgrowth of a manliness without a flaw. 

He had no charity for evasions or for those that were guilty of them, llis 
reproof of his friends, when he thought their actions required leproof, was in 
no means abated because they stood to him in that relation, 'riiough mil un- 
frequently his words had a measure of severity in them, tlieir recipients saw 
Itehind the words such a kindliness of heart and such a yearning of true 
Iriendship that it was not possible to take ollense at the plainness of his 
speech. He was not demonstrative in the display of his feelings ; but the 
glow on his cheek and the moisture in his eye, when he listened to the narra- 
tive of some great deed or the utterance of a noble thought, showed how deep 
and full the fountains of his sympathies were. He hated mean men; but his 
friendship for those he lielieved worthy was strong and lasting, and this friend- 
ship was an inspiration to high thinking and doing. 

Self-seeking was entirely foreign to his nature. He cared little for honors, 
lint much that honorable things should be done. The key-note of liis life 
seems to 7iie to have been self-repression and self-abnegation. He controlled 
himself and labored for others. He chose his life vocation nobly, and nobly 
he wrought in it. 

Dr. Tapjjan's healtii luid l)een somewhat inlirm for a year or two; but his 
linal illness was short. He died after ten days' confinement to his bed of 
brain paralysis, the result of heart disease, Octolier 23, 188S, and leaves a wide 
space in the ranks of Ohio's educators. 



On page 93 of this volume there is a list of those who have given a thous- 
and dollars, or more, to Kenyon College. From tliis list the name of Peter 
Nell', of the Class of 1849, was inadvertantly omitted. Soon after his graduation 
Mr. Neff generously gave to the College an " Achromatic Telescope, seven and 
a half inches diameter, eight and a half feet focal length, mounted equatorially, 
furnished with clock- movement and various eye pieces" — Also a transit 
instrument, made by E. & G. W. Blunt, New York. He also aided liberally 
in the ei'ection of Ascension Hall. More recently he has given to the College 
llis valuable collection of mineral fossils, and his caljinet of sjjeciTnens, glacial 
rocks, etc. The aggregate value of Mr. Nelfs gifts runs up into thousands of 
dollars. Five hundred dollars was given at one time, two hundred and fifty at 
another, two hundred at another, and this in addition to his gifts tliat"'are 
now in a sluipe in wiiicii their value cannot l>e measured by money." 



298 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Recollections of Student ^ife bm'mq. Dr. Cappan's Ctbmtnistratton 



BY CHARLES CLEMENT FISHER, ESQ., '76. 



Eighteen years ago! Is it possible? Yes — 1872. It seems only a little 
while since that Sunday evening in June when my eyes first saw Gambier in 
verdure clad, radiant with the peculiar glory of glowing sunset. Delight in 
that scene of unexpected beauty almost drove away the emotions of hope and 
anxiety contending in the mind of the boy brought to entrance examinations. 
To me college life was an unopened book. I had not even turned its leaves 
to look at the pictures, or by another heard its story read. The brazen voice 
of war had called my brothers from the paths of study, casting upon me my 
good father's last hopes of that thorough scholarship prized but not to be 
attained by himself. These aspirations have, of course, been disappointed. 
For to men who have struggled upwards through the poverty and self-denials 
of pioneer life (he saw General Harrison ride past his father's cabin to a 
frontier battle-field), the word college is a talisman, an '"open sesame," which 
ought to grant admittance, not only to the exclusive abodes of learning, but 
even to the Temple of Fame. Many a fly-specked, dusty diploma proves the 
fallacy of this belief. While without the help of A. B., the greatest American 
rose to his just pre-eminence. 

While speaking of my father, who has recently passed to the rest and 
reward of a good physician, let me add that his father, who bore a remarkable 
resemblance in person and character to Bishop Chase, lived many years at 
Worthington, where he was a warm friend and supporter of the Founder. 

September found the class of '76 assembled for the first time, a motley lot, 
uniform not even in their awkwardness at the strange surroundings. No one 
of them has made a great name in the world, yet they were not bad — ibr 
Freshmen. Faithful to Kenyon, they were united as a class. Champions in 
foot ball and l5"ase ball, they counted among their number the best students in 
the six classes from '73 to '80. Having administered the rites of "Boreday" to 
two Senior classes, they eluded the effusive but sarcastic honors of that cere- 
mony now, alas! extinct. This is tlie unique triumpli in the history of those 
heroes of '76. 

How the faces rise beibre one! How the names ring in one's ears! Page, 
facile princeps, sturdy student, faithful friend, nobleman in nature's peerage ! 
Big " Domine Burrows," tender-hearted Irishman, nightly spread his wings to 
shelter his fluttering brood from Sophomore hazing. "R. Dyer, Undertaker," 
derived his title, not from solemn deportment and lugubrious countenance, but 



KENYON COLLEGE. 299 



from his practice of cheering despondent friends with tiie gift of a liand-made 
coffin. "Business Dunn "hustled about his daily o(M'upations, while " Putty 
Paul," taking a liint from Ulysses's use of wax, stopped the chapel key-holes 
so that we might not hear the siren voice of the hell. And this reminds one 
of McGutiey, the ever-talking, recipient from his father of a C'liristmas present 
in the form of a neat's tongue. With due credit to after acquired wisdom and 
self-control, let it be recorded that he now limits his excellent sermons to 
twenty minutes. The crowning triumph of his college career was not a victory 
of the tongue. It consisted in climbing up the lightning-rod to the church- 
tower to ring the bell at sunrise after our class supper. ''Boss" White's 
official indignation melted under tiie warmth of his generous admiration of 
that dilficult feat. The envious declared tliat no sober man would, or could, 
have done it. The list is too long for separate mention of every one, but Ah 
See and Zu. Soong must not be wholly leit out. The former illustrated the 
virtues of his adopted religion, on the eve of his departure, by selling his 
furniture to two diflerent persons, and collecting the full price irom each. 
The latter so profited by the educational opportunities of Kenyon that the 
President was justified in saying, "Zu, you have succeeded in forgetting 
Chinese without learning English." 

For one reason or another, men dropped out of the class until fewer than 
half the original number remained. Who would presume to call them ''the 
survival of the fittest i"' Yet it would be unfair to characterize them with the 
severity of my little four-year old when she first beheld snakes. In anticipa- 
tion of a visit to the " Zoo," her curiosity in regard to those reptiles had been 
excited by an older cousin to great expectations. When they had been found 
at last, she broke forth in a tone of disappointment and contempt, "These 
ain't nothing; they're only tails." 

Day after day, month after month slipped by — days and months of hard 
work, fireside fun, outdoor sports, midnight adventures, until those who 
remained saw, with only half pleased eyes, Commencement — our commence- 
ment at hand. A great occasion we thought it, distinguished from others by 
the presence of Ruthei'ford B. Hayes, just nominated to be President. 

Undergraduate timber has, no doubt, more sap than fiber, but it is the 
true building material for a house of happiness. Matriculation and graduation 
are its garden walls. Frolic, content, good fellowship dwell therein. Love, 
in the experience of many besides Henry Esmond, is the pure, unfailing 
spring of happiness. Far be it from me, who enjoy that blessing in measure 
far beyond my deserts, to say otherwise. But love is an estate which has 
charged upon it many a legacy of responsil)ility and solicitude, while college 
boys know little of atni cura save v.hat they read in Horace. Neither before, 
nor after, college is one surrounded by conipiinions who have the same pur- 



300 KENYON COLLEGE. 



suits, congenial thoughts and habits, who are in sympathetic touch at every 
point. This, with, perhaps, the sense of growing power, is the secret of that 
peculiar .joyous content pervading, like a rich perfume, the student's life. 
Never again is it experienced. Neither brother, partner, nor life-long friend 
can share the home; from her husband's daily occupations and exacting busi- 
ness the most devoted wife must stand apart. For this, if for no other reason, 
college days are time well spent. Some reader may be a youth impatient to 
snatch wealth, reluctant to search for that to which there is no royal road nor 
"vestibuled limited.'" He says, "Does it pay to go to college?" Yes; a thou- 
sand times, yes. No possible investment will pay a bigger dividend than a 
collegiate training; the security is perfect: No amount either of business 
experience or foreign travel can fill its place. While travelling supplements 
the curriculum, it draws from previous study its true power to confer pleasure 
and knowledge. 

No picture, however sketchy, of President Tappan"s administration would 
be complete without a glimpse of his gifted and accomplished wife, and of the 
loveliest figure in all the scene, his charming daughter, " The Maid of Athens." 
Many a Senior sang with unfeigned pathos, " Give, Oh ! give me back my 
heart." The temptation is great to attempt her portrait, but as she still 
graces the earth with her presence, it will be better taste, even in this age 
of "personal journalism," to resist that desire. 

As a salad, or entree, between the more substantial courses, let me offer 
two examples of what passes for college humor. The lesson in Latin Prose 
Composition one day contained the famous dictum of Horace to be turned 
back into the original, "The poet is born, not made." Just before recitation, 
one member of the class threw out the remark that it was a great pity the 
verb facio was not regular; for, if it were, the sentence would be much 
happier, embodying both reason and rhyme. This jingle caught the ear of 
one who was more rhymster than student, and, as luck would have it, this 
very sentence was put to him for oral translation. To the amazement of Prof. 
Benson and the delight of the class, with an unprecedented confidence he 
shouted, '"''Pheta nascitur, non facitur?'' 

" Tossing " had been so vigorously prohibited by the Faculty that it was 
becoming a lost art at Kenyon, when Sam Johnson contrived a new sport 
which proved an immense success. A base ball suit stuffed with straw and 
other substances less succulent than a live Freshman formed a satisfactory 
substitute for him. A blanket was knotted round the edge with rope, as if 
real work were meant. The man in the moon must have rubbed his eyes 
when he looked down upon a band of hideously disguised Sophomores 
tossing a human form, while shrieks and groans, supposed to issue from the 
victim, rent the midnight air. This sport continued a long time, to the great 



KENYON COLLEGE 301 



enjoyment of all the college, except the Freshmen, who hid themselves in 
terror within closets and under beds, yet no Prexy interfered. Tired at last, 
and convinced that the President was away from home, or had detected our 
fraud, we were crawling hack to our rooms oppressed with a sense of failure 
(for the students felt a malicious delight in tormenting Dr. Tappan, and this 
entertainment was given as his "benefit"), when his form glided upon the 
campus. As if conscious of deep guilt, we fled in all directions to the con- 
cealing shadows of woods and walls, leaving him in the open moonlight the 
cynosure of all eyes. He was unable to catch any malefactor save the* 
dummy, to which he is reported to have said, in anger-shaken voice, '• Young 
man, you might as well come out of that woodpile, for I know who you are." 
Lest disrespect of Dr. Tappan might be inferred from what is here stated, let 
me hasten to add, that no President of Kenyon College ever labored tor the 
upbuilding of that worthy institution with greater tidelity, and his whole life 
was a noble example of Christian character. To him, to Profs. Trimble, Ben- 
son, Sterling, Strong, and others who ibrmed the learned and devoted Faculty 
of our time, I owe a debt which can never be paid. Fully realizing how little 
evidence of their good husbandry has been given, I dare not think what my 
life would have been without it. God grant that the good seed may still germi- 
nate, and l)ring tbrth abundant fruit. May old Kenyon continue to hold such 
wise, faithful teachers. May young men by thousands come to sit at their 
feet. 

Good as the old times were, our College must not content itself with pride 
in its past glory. Rather let it work with greater vigor, keeping abreast with 
colleges of foremost rank, regarding past achievements as an earnest only of 
future, greater triumphs. The pressing, practical needs, with the peculiar 
excellence of the Gambler institutions, are ably set forth by other winters 
whose eloquent words will serve to preserve this paper, like a fly in a block of 
amber. But two facts are too vital to be hurt by repetition. Kenyon College 
offers to students a tlwrougli education. It is a most wortln/ ohjcct of generous 
endotmnent. 

In his inimital)le autol)iography, Joseph Jelferson wisely says, " One 
seldom regrets one's silence upon any sulyect." Brief as these pages are, they 
contain enough to regret, and show more sins of commission than of omission. 
Pardon both, for the sake of the motive which induced me to break silence — 
a desire to stay up hands heavy with holding forth the rod, to give some little 
help to my good friend. Dr. Bodine, and to my l)eloved Alma Ifater, Kenyon 
College. 



302 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



y.bo HInjmo of an ®I^ freshman to a IlTi^Me C"lac^ CTUimnus 



BY JOHN JAMES I'lATT. 



Knad at a banquet given by the Ken3on Association of Cincinnati, in June, 1881, to 
Hon. Stanlej' Matthews, in honor of his elevation to the Supreme Court of the Unitcil 
Slates. 



Tlie elm is green and ghid in leaf — 
'Tis June. The season's como again 

(Ah! homesick Memory's idle grief!) 
When first I took the Hying train, 



Where are tlie boys, the boys we knew? 

Let's call some names. Ah! me, grave men, 
No doubt, shall answer; "Old boys." True. 

(Some showed, d'you mind, "the old boy" then.) 



Fledged from the fond home rest. Renewed Where'er ye wander, wide apart, 

Mix my dull pang, my eager thrill. On life's rough road, on flowery track, 

'Twas noon. When evening fell, 1 stood O fresh of face, O blithe of heart, 

A boy on Gambler Hill. Come back, come back, come back. 



Wliat dreams of young ambition bold 
Stirred my light blood with wings of pride! 

Webster yet spake. Clay was not cold. 
And — there were orators untried! 

Old Kenyon's Genius pointed far. 
Her sons elect to cross and crown: — 

"This wears the Soldier's shoulder star, 
• And this the judge's gown." 

The Freshman, my old friend, you knew 

(His case, a printer boy's, was hard). 
Remained an undergraduate. You 

Passed an alumnus, happier-starred; 
Ah! half a life time lies between 

(The rocket sparkled; here's the stick), 
I know, yes, yes, what might have been — 

A thought that cuts the quick! 

^'Irmo n'ruimiuc cano: Lo, 

"Small Latin" — mine's not far to seek: 
M//IV1' atiih 6f(i (so 

Homer begins — and ends?), "less Greek!" 
Well, let me rest content; if you 

Sucked her full milk, impute no crime; 
She was my Alma Mater too — 

Mine, weaned before my time! 



Good tlesh and blood, I know, some still 

Draw vital air, with flower ;ind fruit, 
As when we fought on Gambler Hill 

The War of Troy, and Ilmm fuit. 
Ho, Holland! (English church doors, "Here!" 

Echo; warm friend and Irish bard!) 
Ho, Chapman, Homans, Sterling! (clear 

Each answers) ho, Tunnard! 

" Wc younger brood ;ire getting gr — ," ehv 

(Speak for yourself, John!) Nonsense! Well, 
We are not growing younger. Nay, 

Fear not the wholesome truth to tell. 
In fresher hearts our pulses beat. 

Our spent dreams grow and quicken still — 
Ay, boj'S of ours maj' each repeat 

The old boy on Gambier Hill! 

Our joys in them m;iy spring again, 

Our boyish grief have ebb and flood; 
They, too, shall take the flying train 

With quick wings fluttering In their blood. 
Old Kenyon Genius point them far. 

Her sons elect to cross and crown — 
"This wore the soldier's shoulder star. 

And this the judge's gown." 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 303 



(Lributc to tl]c 0I]io Bisl^ops 



HV EX-PRESIDENT R. B. HAYES, Lh. D., DELIVERED UPON THE OCCASION OF THE 
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE CONSECRATION OF BISHOP BEDELL, 

IN ST. Paul's church, Cleveland, October 27, a. d. 1884. 



Mr. President and Friends — Tlie people oi' Ohio liave lieeii very fortii- 
iiate in their wiiole history, and they count among its most felicitous events 
tiie fact that the Protestant Episcopal Ciiurch of this Diocese has always had 
at its head a man of hijxh and rare (|iialilicalii)ns for his inlliiential and 
responsible office. 

Sixty-five years ago, Philander I'hase was elected and consecrated the 
first Bishop of Ohio, and was charged with the duty of planting and extending 
in this, then new% country, the Protestant Episcopal Church. At that time, 
<iur State had not a mile of artificial thoroughfare, and the very richness of its 
soil, which gave this region its boundless promise, made it during more than 
half the year the dread of the traveler and the immigrant. But the ])ioneer 
Bishop was of iron-like temper, and with matchless courage and force, in spite 
of difficidties, hardships, and discouragements, successfully did his appointed 
work. He gathered congregations in the wilderness, and founded Kenyoii 
College, to be for all future time the standard bearer of His Church in the 
garden of the Northwest. 

The successor of Bishop Chase was the Right Rev. Charles P. Mcllvaine. 
During more than forty years he was the head of the Church in Ohio, and 
almost from the beginning of that period he was regarded as a commanding 
figure bothi-in our own country and abroad, and was everywhere honored and • 
trusted as a born leader of men. One of his eminent and judicious friends, 
Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, said of him : " He was of a form and countenance" 
(and, I would add, of a dignity of mien and character) " which often suggested 
Washington." In the very crisis of the Civil War, on which hung the fate of 
the Nation, and of the cause of liberty throughout the world, President Lin- 
coln selected him as one of the three illustrious Americans who were to 
represent our country in England — the very spot where the danger was most 
threatening. This high duty, like every other that ever devolved upon Bishop 
Mcllvaine, was so performed as to attract to him increased contidence and 
admiration. When he was called hence, it was recognized throughout the 
Christian world that one of the pillars of Church and State had fallen. 



304 KENYON COLLEGE. 



The place once Iield by Bishop Chase, and then so splendidly filled during 
so many years of his noble life by Bishop Mcllvaine, has acquired in tJie 
judgment, of the thoughtful and good among the people of this part of the 
United States a consideration and esteem not surpassed by any station, secular 
or sacred, known in our State. To have filled it without in any degree disap- 
pointing the anticipations whicli these brilliant precedents justified, has been 
the hapijy i'ortune of him to whom we now wish to express in words simple and 
few the warmest and most I'riendly felicitations upon the beneficent results of 
his I'aithful and devoted labors during the last twenty-five years. Gathered, 
as we are, by sentiments of Iriendship i'or Bishop Bedell — sentiments which 
are shared by a lai'ge number of the best citizens in our State without regard 
to sect or religious opinion — we need not consider at large the peculiar mis- 
sion and characteristics of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Its importance 
and value as a conservative force in our political system and as a moral 
force in our social condition, is very generally acknowledged by those who are 
not within its pale. An intelligent American observer in England makes the 
statement also that no other religious organization is more nearly abreast with 
advancing science than the English Church. 

To engage in (he work of widening and strengthening the influence of 
this Church, Bisliop Bedell came to Ohio a quarter of a century ago. For this 
field ol' labor he was nobly equipped. His gifted father was the beloved 
pastor of a church in Philadelphia, made great, prosperous, and widely known 
by his earnest and winning eloquence. From his father our honored and 
much loved friend received the heritage of an intellectual and moral character 
which, with the added power of his genius for work, talents, and culture, have, 
under Providence, cheered and blessed the congregations and people of this 
Diocese. 

Allow me. in conclusion, on behall' of the sons of Kenyon College, to 
oiler to Bishop Bedell the tribute whicii he gave to his early instructor, Dr. 
Muhlenberg: " I'om have known him as an ecclesiastic * * * always 
searching lor ways that would make the Church more large hearted and far- 
reaching, or 'as a mover of charities, wonderfully gracious, beneficent, and 
successful; but we have known him as a guide of youth, and almost a father — 
patient, forbearing, watchful, honest, plain-spoken, frank, and so loving." The 
sons of Kenyon College, with'one voice and with full hearts, wish for Bishop 
Bedell the best blessings of heaven. 




<» 

^ 










KKNYON C<JI,LHGK FACri.TV, A. I). 188:3. 



Lawrence Rust, I.I,. I). 
HIi T. Tappan. I.I.. U. 
C.co. C. S. Southworlh. .\. M. 



Kdward C. Benson, A.M. 
VVilliara B. Bodine. J>. D. 
Cvnis S. Bnlc-s. I). I). 



Theodore Sterling, M. I).. 1,1,. I). 
1-lavel S. I.uther, A. M. 
V/illirm T. Colvilk-. A. M, 




BISIIOl' BEDELL. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 305 



Bi5l]op Bcbell 



The Eight Rev. Gregory Thurston Bedell, D. D., third Bishoji of the Pro- 
testant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio, was born at Hudson, New 
York, on the 27th of August, A. D. 1817, the only son of the Rev. Gregory 
Townsend and PeneloiJe Thurston Bedell. The father of Bishop Bedell was 
a man of mark, a clergyman of rare abilities and thorough consecration to his 
work, who died in 1831, rector of St. Andrew's Church, Philadelphia, in the 
forty-tirst year of his age. He was never physically robust, and yet " he sus- 
tained an amount of work which would have seemed remarkable in any man, 
and in him was marvelous." In Ur. Sprague's " Annals of tlie American 
Episcopal Pulpit," there is a long letter concerning Dr. Bedell, written by 
Bishop Mcllvaine. The likeness between the father and son is certainly re- 
markable, for much of this letter is simply a good description of the saintly 
Bishop of Ohio. Take such words as these: " He was nuicii indebted for 
his ability to get through so much with so little wear of mind to his eminent 
hai)it of order and system. That habit appeared in all things — the smallest 
and the greatest. All were timed and placed, and came and went in rank and 
file, and a system once adopted was kept." So again, " He was the. miner that 
always tbund gold, and knew how to use it for the good of men. He had 
great skill and power in communicating — what he possessed in his own mind 
he could impart; what he saw he could make others see. He would place it 
ill a light so distinct, with such precision of language and felicity of illustra- 
tion, in sucli simplicity and often so beautifully, as to make him not only 
intelligible to the meanest capacity, but exceedingly interesting and engaging 
to all." And so again, " You know he was a very popular preacher, that is, 
he drew a crowded congregation. But there was nothing like aiming at popu- 
lar effect — no departure from simplicity, dignity, soberness, or faithfulness, 
nothing to please men, except as they were well-pleased with what was well- 
pleasing to God. The way of salvation, with all its connected verities ; the 
work of grace in the heart and its counterfeits, how well he knew them. 
There was frequently a genuine eloquence in his preaching, often a very mov- 
ing pathos as well in manner and word as in thought ; always great impress- 
iveness of speech and manner. His appearance in the pulpit was much in his 
favor. * * * Add to these things a voice which was capalile of gre.il 
effect, and was managed with peculiar skill, exceedingly clear and distinct in its 
utterances, and giving great expression to his thoughts, and then a delivery so 
grave and yet so animated, so quiet and yet so forcible, so self-possessed and 
yet so under the power of the great themes he preached on ; a delivery which 



306 KENYON COLLEGE. 



so perfect]}^ fitted the style of his discourses, and so exactly exhibited him- 
self." And so, still again, "To a naturally bland, kind, and cheerful spirit, 
his lively piety imparted an expression of serene enjoyment, which, associated 
as it always was with the seriousness becoming his high vocation, and the cul- 
ture and intelligence of the well-educated gentleman, rendered him as accept- 
able and influential when he met his people at their iiomes as when they met 
him in his pulpit." 

Bishop Bedell was an infant when his parents removed to Fayetteville, 
N. C, in 1818. He was less than five years old when, in 1822, they removed 
to Philadelphia. When he was still quite a lad he was sent to Dr. Muhlen- 
berg's school, at Flushing, Long Island, where he remained until he entered 
Bristol College, from which he was graduated in 1836. This college was 
located at Bristol, on the Delaware, a few miles above Philadelphia. In 1835 
Dr. Stephen H. Tyng wrote concerning it: "From its present course and 
prospects it may be looked upon, with very great justice and reason, as likely 
to exercise a more valuable and extensive influence upon the character of the 
Episcopal Church than any other institution which is connected with it; and 
the ardent desires and confident expectations of Dr. Bedell and those who 
united with him in its establishment, promise to be even more than realized 
in its ultimate efficiency and worth." 

Notwithstanding these hopeful words this college died in infancy. Sev- 
eral letters of Dr. Bedell to his son are published in his memoir. In these 
letters are to be found such golden words as these : "Nothing could give your 
father and mother greater delight than to know that their beloved and only 
son was growing up to be a child of God. It would be of little consequence 
to us to have you a great or a learned man, if we should find you careless 
about God and indifferent to the salvation of your own soul. What we want 
you to be, and what we most sincerely pray that you may be, is a good man, 
loving and serving God. Nothing would be more grateful to my feelings than 
the idea that at some future day you would be prepared for the high and 
responsible duties of the ministry." 

The good father died whilst the son^ was yet a school-boy, but the desire 
of his heart was to be gratified. His son was graduated from the Theological 
Seminary at Alexandria, Va., and immediately afterward, on the 19th of July, 
A. D. 1840, was ordained deacon in St. Andrew's Church, Philadelphia, by his 
great-uncle, Bishop Moore. He was ordained Presbyter by the same venerable 
Prelate, on the 29th of August. A. D. 1841. A very interesting account of 
this latter ordination is printed in Bishop Henshaw's Memoirs of Bishop Moore. 

The youthful deacon went to work at once at West Chester, Pa. He 
remained in charge of his first parish for three years, and then accepted a call 



KENYON COLLEGE. 307 



to the rectorship of the Church of the Ascension, New York. Manton East- 
burn had just resigned this parish to accept the Episcopate of Massachusetts. 
It was a strong parisli, but became still stronger under the rectorship of Greg- 
ory Thurston Bedell. Indeed, it came to be regarded as one of the model 
parishes of the country, thoroughly organized and zealous in all good works. 
The statistics of the year 1858-59 show contributions amounting to over fifty 
thousand dollars. In 1859 Dr. Bedell resigned the charge of this parish to 
accept the duties of Assistant Bishop in Ohio, after sixteen years of happy 
and most useful labor. He was consecrated Bishop during the General Con- 
vention which was held in Richmond, Va., in October, 1859, at the same time 
and place with his old school-friend, Bishop Odenheimer, and Bishops Gregg 
and Whipple. Bishop Mcllvaine welcomed him most lovingly, and for thir- 
teen years they worked together as bishops, '' easily, lovingly, deferently, 
without a jar or jealousy." This is Bishop Mcllvaine's testimony. Bishop 
Bedell's is equally clear and strong. " My assistantship has been an uninter- 
rupted source of enjoyment. Every interview with Bishop Mcllvaine has 
been instructive; every letter from him has been an encouragement; every 
hour of my association with him has been enjoyment." " I have no anxieties," 
said Bishop Mcllvaine, "Bedell is a loving son." 

Bishop Mcllvaine died in March, 1873, when Bishop Bedell became his 
successor. In 1871 the old diocese was divided. Bishop Bedell electing the 
northern portion, which retains the old name of Diocese of Ohio. For fifteen 
years he led his flock gently as sole Diocesan. At. the time of liia conse- 
cration his old school-father. Dr. Muhlenberg, wrote to him and to Kislioi) 
Odenheimer, two of his boys, in verse. Among otlier tilings he said: 

"The Church needs Bishops who can preach 
As well as rule their Hocks and teach. 
Like Paul, then, preach, nor aught beside 
Christ Jesus and Him ciucitied." 

Bishop Bedell has been faithful to this charge. 

In the years of his strength he delivered three strong charges to his clergy 
wliich were printed. Many of his sermons also have been published, among 
the best known of which are "The Age of Indifference," "Episcopacy; Fact 
and Law," "The Way of Righteousness, a Railroad Sermon," and "The Con- 
tinuity of the Church of God," which was preached in 1886, before the General 
Convention in Chicago. He was selected by the House of Bishops as tlieir 
delegate to the Venerable Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
Parts, upon the occasion of the Centenary Commemoration of the Consecra- 
tion of the first Prelate of the Protestant Episcopal Church of America, and 



308 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



dreached the sermon in St. Paul's Cathedral on June 18, 1884. This ser- 
mon is also in print. " The Canterbury Pilgrimage " is a bound volume of 
letters, charmingly written, giving an account of the Lambeth Conference of 
1878 and the Sheffield Church Congress." 

Bishop Bedell's most important contribution to theological literature is 
"The Pastor," a volume of six hundred pages upon pastoral theology. It is 
inscribed "To the Memory of My Father," and is a most useful book. It has 
received th6 highest praise from distinguished men both within and without 
our Church, and is believed by many to be the best book upon the subject of 
which it treats that has been written by any clergyman of our communion, 
either in this countrv or in the mother Church of England. 



^enyon on tl^c iiokosing 



BY WILL S. CREIGHTON, '74. 



Juvat nieminissc. 



Hail Kenyon! time-worn, forest-girt! 

Embowered in green or 'sieged witli snow, 
About thy walls and through thy halls. 
With Echo, dwells a Voice that calls 

Where Memory loves to go. 



I prithee, say, dost thou recall 

Our Saturday and Wednesday nights? 
Our oyster stews, night-shirt reviews. 
Our war-dance, which none might refuse, 
And hard-fought pillow fights? 



Old Kenyon, somber, ivy-clad. 

Serene thou sittest on thy hill. 
Around whose base, with winsome grace. 
The Indian Naiad of the place, 
Koko.sing, glideth still. 



Hal tell me not thou hast forgot 

What time the sleep of stilly night 
Tlie Baby broke with thunder stroke. 
And panic-stricken Freshman woke 
To "soar" in sore affright. 



Old foster mother, dost recall 

The legion boys who loved thy name, 
Who were thine own, but now are flown, 
Successful some, some overthrown, 
While some are known to Fame? 



Remember, Ah! "stone walls have ears,' 

Perchance a heart, in walls so thick. 
That loves its own like faithful stone 
That bides when Time has overthrown 
All transitory brick. 



Mother of all, didst love as well 
Thy roysterers as thy sober men? 



Farewell. Abide, old Kenyon Hall, 
In memories lapt upon the hill. 



What jokes they sprung and songs they sung! While round the steep, through vistas deep, 



What Bombshells burst! What bells they rung! 
Dost all come back again! 



The Indian Naiad plays "bo-peep," 
Kokosing, gliding still. October, 



1881 



KENYON COLLEGE. 309 



i.ovb ^enyon 



George, second Lord Keiiyon, was the second son of Lloyd, lirst Lord 
Kenyon, Lord Chief Justice of England. 

He was born July 22, 1776, and succeeded to the title and estates in April, 
1802, his elder brotlier having died in September, ISOO. 

(ieorge Kenyon's education was begun at Clieain, in Surrey, under the 
Reverend W. (iilpin, whom he afterwards presented to the living of Pulver- 
batch, County Salop. On leaving that school, he was sent as a private pupil 
to the Rev. W. Jones, of Nayland, a somewhat celeljrated divine. 

Concerning Mr. Jones, there is an interesting correspondence left, between 
the first Lord Kenyon and the Archbishop of Canterbury. Lord Kenyon, 
discovering through his sons that Mr. Jones feared the winter of his life would 
be troubled by poverty, wrote to the Archbishop urging the claims of so 
learned a man upon the Church of England. The Archbishop replied that 
he recognized his worthiness, and that he was glad to be able to offer him a 
little sinecure, which unfortunately Mr. Jones did not live long to enjoy. 

On leaving Mr. Jones, Oeorge Kenyon, with his elder brother, went to 
Christ Church, Oxford, of which college Dr. Cyril Jackson was then Dean. 

From college the brothers went to study at the bar, as the following note 
in their father's diary shows: 

'' 31 July, 1798. My two sons, Lloyd and George, went to tiieir respective 
Chambers in Lincoln's Inn." George Kenyon eventually became a bencher of 
the Middle Temple. 

The death of his eldest son was a terrible blow to Lord Kenyon, and 
within two years he followed him, having endeavored to perform liis duties as 
Chief Justice up to the last three months of his life. 

(ieorge. Lord Kenyon, on February 1, 1803, married his first cousin, Mar- 
garet Emma, daughter of Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., of Beftisfield. By her 
he had two sons : 1. Lloyd, who succeeded him as third Baron. 2. Edward 
of Maesfen, County Salop, still living, and three daughters: 1. Margaret 
Emma, married Sir J. H. Langham ; she died, 1829. 2. Marianne, married the 
Hon. Vice- Admiral Thomas Best; she died, 1866. 3. Peregina, died 1830. 
Lady Kenyon, died, 1815. 

By the numerous letters from Lord Kenyon to his wife, which are left, he 
was evidently of an e.xtremely atiectionate and domestic nature. The loss of 
his wife at a comparatively early age was to him a great affliction, and pi-oba 
bly forced his attention on the more serious topics of the day. 



310 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Lord Kenyou was one of the first members of the National Society, and 
throughout his life was an earnest supporter of the principle of religious edu- 
cation. 

He became acquainted with Dr. Andrew Bell, the founder of the Madras 
system of education, whose portrait by Owen now hangs in the library at 
Gredington. 

He (Lord Kenyon) warmly supported Dr. Bell against the denominational 
principles of Lancaster, and a mass of correspondence still existing shows the 
interest he took on the subject. Dr. Bell, at his death, made Lord Kenyon his 
executor. 

At one time Lord Kenyon had no less than seven schools under his imme- 
diate supervision, some in London, some in the country; and of such impor- 
tance did he deem religious education that by his will he entailed on his 
descendants many subscriptions towards the maintenance of various voluntary 
schools, and the entire control of one in the immediate neighborhood of Gred- 
ington. 

Loi'd Kenyon was a strong Protestant and Orangeman, as his political 
life clearly shows. For many yeai's he was churchwarden of Marylebone. 

In political matters, he was what would now be considered an inflexible 
Tory, although in some matters he showed a liberal discernment of the impor- 
tance of social improvement, and a recognition of the necessity for remedial 
measures. 

It was not, however, until the question of Catholic emancipation came to 
the front that Lord Kenyon took any very active part in debate. 

His aversion to this projected measure knew no bounds, and, during the 
progress of the bill through Parliament, he had more than one passage of arms 
with the Duke of Wellington, one of which nearly resulted in a duel with that 
eminent man — of this incident a clever cai'icature was drawn by the well known 
H. B. (John Doyle). He never could, though not an ungenerous man, forgive 
the Duke of Wellington his attitude on this question. He was one of the 
peers who in conjunction with Lord Roden, Lord Eldon, and others, asserted 
his right to a private interview with George IV. with the view of endeavoring 
to induce him to withhold the Roj^al assent to the bill. 

It was in connection with this political episode that Lord Kenyon struck 
up an intimacy with the Duke of Cumberland, afterwards King of Hanover, 
which intimacy was maintained until the death of the latter. 

A very interesting letter still exists at Gredington from the Duke of Cum- 
berland, relating in terms of great sorrow the sad accident which deprived 
his son of sight. The letter expresses hope that sight may be restored; such, 
however, was unhappily not the case. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 311 



An amusing story was related by Lord Chichester to one of Lord Kenyon's 
descendants, how that he (Loi"d Chicliester) with the Duiie of Cumberland 
and Lord Kenyon went to visit one of His Majesty's jails. It occurred to 
them that they would like to try the tread mill. Accordingly they all three 
stepped up and proceeded to walk up the never ending flight of stairs. After 
a few minutes, the Duke had had enough, but unfortunately for him, and his 
iriends, it was impossible to stop the mill until the shortest prescribed task of 
tifteen minutes had been accomplished. Lord Kenyon was then young and 
active and was able to tinish his work with some ease. To the Duke, however, 
wlio was ol' a full habit, the tifteen minutes seemed boundless, and Lord Chi- 
cliester narrates how a much exhausted Royal Duke eventually regained terra 
lirma. Lord Kenyon was reported to be the last man in England who wore a 
pig tail, his sobriquet among his intimates being " Pigtail Kenyon." The 
story goes that on the passing of the Catholic Emancipation Bill, he was so 
disgusted that he cut oft' his pig tail, remarking, " that there was nothing left 
to wear a pig tail for." 

His strong feelings in church matters brought him into close alliance 
with many English and foreign bishops. He supjiorted the majority of the 
English prelates in opposition to the divorce act, on which subject he carried 
on a spirited correspondence with Lords Brougham and Lyndhurst, whilst tlie 
support he gave to Bishop Chase was of some assistance in the ibuudation of 
the college which bears Lord Kenyon's name in Ohio. 

Lord Kenyon in no matter showed his prescience more than in the strong 
interest he took in the railway system of England, then in its infancy. He 
became intimately acquainted with George Stephenson, who paid him more 
than one visit to Gredington. 

Lord Kenyon was Chairman of the House of Lords Committee, which 
sat on the Liverpool and Manchester railway ; one of the earliest portions of 
the London & North Western Railwaj^ which is now perhaps the chief of all 
our English lines. The opposition to this bill is graphically described in 
Smiles's Life of George Stephenson. 

In 1836, Lord Kenyon had charge of the bill for the London Grand Junc- 
tion Railway, which bill he successfully piloted through the House of Lords. 
For this service, the Company presented him with an address, which now 
hangs at Gredington. 

In these matters of education and locomotion. Lord Kenyon was ccmsid 
erably in advance of his times, although in his habits of lile and in appearance 
he clung to old world manners and fashions. 

Lord Kenyon died in 1S55, in his eightieth year. He was buried at 
Hanmer, near Gredington, in which line old church he erected monuments to 



312 KENYON COLLEGE. 



his father, his mother, and his wife. These, ahis, were all destroyed by the 
fire, ■which consumed so much that was interesting and beautiful, on Febru- 
ary, 3, 1SS9. 

This rough and hurried sketch is quite unworthy of its subject, but the 
material to draw from is not great, the papers being mostly of a domestic 
character. A long life, well spent, which left its mark on the country side of 
Wales for many a year, left in the example it carried perhaps the best of his 
legacies to his descendants. 

Although of a somewhat hasty temperament, his genuine good heart and 
evident love for his fellow man endeared the name of Kenyon to all 
around him. 

xit Gredington, October, 1S90, this short memorial is put together by his 
great grandson. 



KENYON. 



Christian love — when making gifts during life, or providing for legacies 
payable after death — will not content itself with less than a generous percen- 
tage or income or estate. This percentage should be measured by a sense of 
obligation to Christ, and of each one's bounden duty to relieve the sorrows and 
needs of that distressed humanity which Christ redeemed with His precious 
blood; for Christ has left the amelioration of these woes to tlie conscience and 
charity of his followers. 

If it be said that it is wiser to complete one's charities during life, whilst 
they can be properly guided and guarded, the answer is obvious. Certainly, 
let every possible provision of benevolence, or beneficence, be made whilst 
one's will and generositj' can control it. But, unless a Christian can do some 
of loving supererogation, I do not see how the meeting of all possible right- 
eous or charitable claims on his income during life will compensate ibr a 
neglect to contribute a just share of his property to meet such claims on Jiis 
estate, after he is dead. 

It is well to trust one's heirs, that they will do their duty; but it is safer 
and wiser to do one's duty for oneself; and not to impose an obligation on 
otliers to which they may possibly be reluctant. 

In this peculiarly reckless and improvident age, when nothing is more 
noteworthy than -the melting away and xitter dissipation of great estates, after 
the death of an accumulator, it would seem as if no argument were needed 
to enforce this subject. The grand charities of the world, glorious intellectual 
treasures, libraries, schools, universities, are chiefly the results of legacies. 
Some few persons in our day have set a noble example by such endowments 
while living. Great souls! They ennoble their generation. But this is sel- 
dom possible. In tlie providence of God our age and our churcli must wait 
nntil its children pass from this stage before we shall see great charitable or 
educational foundations firmly and generously laid. It must result from 

^^^'"'^^''- BISHOP BEDELL. 



KKNYON COLLEGE. 313 



^orb (Bambier. 



Gambiei- (James, baron) was a distinguished Britisii Admiral, born in 1156, 
in tile Bahama Islands, where his father was then Lieutenant-Governor. He 
went to sea at an early age, and in 1778 was promoted to the rank of post- 
captain, and appointed to the command of tlie Raleigh^ 32. In tliis frigate he 
was engaged in repelling the Frencii attempt upon Jersey, January (5, 1781, 
and afterwards proceeded to the coast of America, and assisted at the reduc- 
tion of Charleston, in Soutii Carolina. At the commencement of tiie war with 
France, in 1793, he was appointed to the Defence^ 74, under Earl Howe, and 
greatly distinguished himself, especially on the 1st of June, 1794, when the 
Defence was the first vessel that cut througli the enemy's line. He was soon 
after nominated a colonel of marines; in the winter of 1794 he took the com- 
mand of the Prince George, '.^H\ and on tiie 1st of .June, 1795, he was advanced 
to the rank of rear-admiral. On the "Jd of Marcli, in tiie same year, he was 
appointed a commissioner of the Admiralty. In August, 1799, he attained the 
rank of vice admiral, and in 1801 he was appointed third in command of the 
Channel fleet, and hoisted his flag on board the Neptune, 98. In the spring of 
1802 he proceeded to Newfoundland as (Jovernor of that island, and comman- 
der-in-chief of the squadron employed for its protection. In July, 1807, he 
was entrusted with the command of the fleet, sent with troops under Lord 
Cathcart, to Copenhagen, to demand possession of the Danish navy. On the 
2d of September, the British commanders summoned the Danish general, for 
the last tiine, to surrender the s]iij)s of war on conditions; but the Danish 
otlicer, (Jeneral Peymann, persisting in iiis refusal, the batteries and bomb- 
vessels open their Are with such efl'ect, that in a short time the city was set on 
tire, and was kept in flames in diflerent places till the evening of the 5th, when 
the enemy capitulated, and all the Danish ships and vessels of war, consisting 
of nineteen sail of the line, twenty-three frigates and sloops, and twenty-flve 
gun-ljoats, with the stores in the arsenal, were delivered up, and were conveyed 
to England. During the whole of this siege the number of killed, wounded, 
and missing, on the part of the British, did not exceed 251» men. Admiral 
(iambier was immediately created a baron of the United Kingdom; he was 
olfered a pension of 2,000/., which he declined. In May, 1808, he retired from 
his seat at the Admiralty, on being appointed to the command of the Channel 
fleet. He had compiled a code of signals for the navy, and also drew up the 
(Jeneral Instructions for the direction and guidance of naval oflScers in the 
internal discipline and government of the King's ships. In April, 1809, a 
detachment of the Channel lleet attacked a French squadron in the Ai.\ 



314 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Roads, and destroyed La Ville de Varsovie, 80, Tonnerre^ 74, Aquilo7i, 74, and 
Calcutta, 56, besides driving several others on shore. A difference of opinion 
respecting the practicability' of destroying the remainder of the enemy's 
squadron was jDroductive of a misunderstanding between the commander-in- 
chief and Lord Cochrane, who had the command of the fire-ships ; and Lord 
Gambler, in consequence, requested a court-martial to investigate into his con- 
duct, and he was most honourably acquitted. He retained the command of 
the Channel fleet until 1811; and on the 30th of July, 1814, he was placed at 
the head of the commissioners for concluding a peace with the United States 
of America; the first meeting for which took place at Ghent, on the 8th of 
August; the preliminaries were signed at the same place on the 24th of 
December, and ratified at Washington, Febuary 17, 1815. Lord Gambler 
was nominated a Grand Cross of the Bath on the 7th of June following. At 
the ascension of William IV., he was advanced to the rank of admiral of the 
fleet. He died on the 19th of April, 1833, at his house at Iver, near Uxbridge. 
Lord Gambier was an officer of dittusive benevolence, and of great and 
unaffected piety, and he labored, as is well known, with earnestness and suc- 
cess, to promote religious feelings and observances among the seamen under 
his command. 



Professor €&rDarb (£. Benson 



BY PROF. G. C. S. SOUTHWORTH. 



It is fitting that a life of activity, and devotion, should have a perma- 
ment record, particularly when that life has been associated with the old world 
as well as the new, and has been' consecrated to liberal studies from first to last. 

We owe to England much of the energy, and intelligence of our people : 
Edward Close Benson, was born at Thorne, in Yorkshire, April 26, 1823. His 
father, Mr. John Benson, was a barrister who early directed the minds of the 
family toward the intellectual life, nor did he neglect the improving influence 
of travel, for in 1830, the son was present at the opening of the railway line 
between Manchester and Liverpool. 

In 1833, Mr. John Benson resolved to remove to America, and in the same 
year the family were temporarily established at Niagara. There they re- 
mained while the father traveled extensively through the West in quest of a 
home. In 1834 the family joined him in Cincinnati, and proceeded with him 
to Albion, Edward Couiity, 111., where the succeeding year was spent. At 



KENYON COLLEGE. 315 



Albion an ingenious vehicle was constructed, which has been described as " a 
house on wheels," and in this the family traveled over a large part of the 
State, till they selected Peoria I'or their abode. Many were the privations 
endured during his pioneer life, and the fact is worthy of note that on their 
arrival at I'eoria (such was the scarcity of provisions) Mr. John Benson paid 
the sum of fifteen dollars for the last barrel of Hour in the place. 

At Peoria a house was begun, but before its completion that father who 
liad braved so many dangers in order to establish his family in peace and com- 
fort, lost his life by the accidental discharge of liis fowling-piece. Tlie family 
were left alone in a strange land. 

In 1837, Bishop Chase visited Illinois, and his words inspired the sub.ject 
of this sketch, then fourteen years old, with the ardent desire to enter Kenyon 
College. This resolution remained strong tiirough years of hope deferred, dur- 
ing a residence at Galesburg, 1S42-3, during a journey to Louisville whence 
ills steps were directed to Louisiana, where his work as an instructor of youth 
was prosecuted, both in a parish school, and in families of wealthy planters. 
The year 1846, witnessed young Mr. Benson at Kenyon College as a member 
of the Sophmore Class : His hopes were realized. 

He graduated in 1840, and spent another year as instructor at West Baton 
Kouge; but in 1850, he entered the Divinity School at Gambier, and was 
appointed tutor in Kenyon CV)llege. The next -year he became principal of the 
new private school for l)oys. called Harcourt Place Academy. 

Ordained a deacon in 1858, the Rev. E. C Benson, went again to West 
Baton Rouge, and took cliarge of tlie parisli rendered vacant by the dealii of 
his old friend, the Rev. A. Lamon. In consequence of the failure of his voice, 
Mr. Benson was compelled to cease from preaching regularly, and in the spring 
of 1854, came again to the Harcourt School, where he remained until, in ISdS, 
he accepted the professorship of the Latin language and literature in Kenyon 
College. 

Since that time I'rofessoi' Benson has la))ored with unlailing energy and 
devotion in the discharge of the duties pertaining to his chair; and as gradu- 
ates of Kenyon return to their Alma Mater they gratefully and affectionately 
testify to the influence of the Professor, not only upon their minds, but also 
upon their characters, and their lives. To employ his own words: Professor 
Benson is a "child of Kenyon College," and his efforts to-day are tireless as at 
the first to promote the usefulness, and advance the dignity of this honored 
seat of learning. 



,316 KENYON COLLEGE. 



X)ar»t5 Davis 



The Hon. Walter Q. Gresham recently remarked that he had never known 
any man who more nearly approached his ideal of the perfect Judge than 
Judge Davis. He spoke ol' him as possessed of a strength of mind which 
enabled him to .judge, concerning any matter which he had carefully weighed, 
with a wisdom which was well nigh infallible. He spoke also of his absolute 
incorruptibility, and declared that to the State and Nation the services of such 
a man were of largest value. He dwelt especially upo7i the mighty power 
which he wielded through his character upon young men at the bar, andupon 
others wherever he was known. 

Such words, coming from Judge Gresham — liimself a lawyer of the 
iiighest reputation and aliility — are words of praise indeed. It is well known 
that Judge Davis and Abraham Lincoln were intimate friends, and that Mr. 
Lincoln's nomination for the Presidency of the United States was largely 
brought about through the wise efforts and management of David Davis. 

The following letter, written by Judge Davis, is of special interest to 
Ivenyou's sons : 

United States Senate Chambeb, 
Washington, D. C, October 28, 1881. 

Gentlemen — Among the many Hattering felicitations which it has been 
ray good fortune to receive since being elected President of the Senate, none 
has touched raj"^ feelings so intimately as your expression of good will on behalf 
of the Kenyon College Alumni Association, of Chicago. The affectionate 
testimonial will always be cherished with the most valued souvenirs of my 
public career. 

I am sure it will heighten the satisfaction of every friend who joined in it 
to know that this honor came to me wholly unsought and unexpected, and 
that I prize it chiefly because no form of party or personal obligation was 
attached to its acceptance. Be pleased to present my grateful acknowledg- 
ments to all the Alumni for the generous courtesy, and believe me to be, 
Fraternallv and faithfullv, 

DAVID DAVIS. 

Judge Davis was always glad to acknowledge the benefits he received 
from his Kenyon training. His extraoi'dinary strength of natural understand- 
ing was a gift from God, but it is certainly well for his country that his gifts 
were developed and his career of large usefulness made possible through the 
wise and ennobling culture he received in a " back woods " college. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



317 



Humber of Stubcnts "i^cnyon dollege" 



TEAK 


Sehi- 

K4BY 


COLI-K«E 


Gbaii. 

8<HOOI- 


Total 


YEAR 


Sejii- 

XABY 


COLLE^je 


Gbah. 

HCHOOL 


TlXTAI, 


1830-31 


1 


44 


107 


152 


1860-61 


27 


137 


49 


213 


1831-32 


3 


59 


83 


144 


1861-62 


39 


102 


30 


171 


183i-33 










1862-63 


29 


70 


46 


145 


1833-34 


"'j 


71 


84 


i64 


1863-64 


20 


74 


64 


161 


1831-35 


11 


60 


65 


142 


1864 65 


15 


68 


8ft 


163 


1835-3« 


11 


62 


109 


182 


1865-66 


14 


81 


87 


182 


183«-37 


11 


53 


142 


206 


1866-67 


17 


90 


69 


170 


1837-38 


12 


56 


94 


162 


186708 


'J 


93 


49 


151 


1838-39 


11 


77 


115 


203 


186*69 


10 


70 


58 


138 


1839-40 










1869 70 


14 


70 


31 


115 


1840-41 


"o 


51 


'47 


167 


1870-71 


15 


45 


47 


107 


1841-42 










1871-72 


9 


50 


32 


91 


1842-43 


4 


'57 


'79 


140 


1S72-73 


2 


50 


20 


72 


1843-44 


5 


41 


47 


93 


1873-74 





50 


13 


63 


1844-45 


11 


43 


48 


102 


1874^75 





52 


15 


67 


1845-46 


10 


41 


43 


94 


1875-76 


1 


46 


13 


60 


1846-47 


4 


48 


40 


92 


1876-77 


.■) 


46' 


13 


64 


1847-18 


9 


52 


76 


137 


1877-78 


7 


43 


24 


74 


1848-49 


!t 


48 


60 


117 


1878-79 


7 


43 


26 


70 


1849-50 


7 


45 


62 


114 


1879-80 


7 


60 


24 


91 


1850-51 


7 


56 


39 


102 


1880-81 


13 


66 


76 


155 


1851-52 


12 


39 


40 


91 


1881-82 


14 


62 


69 


145 


1852-53 


12 


44 


26 


82 


1882-83 


8 


55 


67 


130 


185a-54 


9 


41 


39 


89 


1883-84 


7 


61 


54 


122 


1854-55 


10 


63 


85 


158 


1884-85 


3 


67 


57 


127 


1855-56 


11 


82 


68 


161 


1885-86 


5 


57 


61 


123 


1856-57 


12 


92 


73 


177 


1886-87 


4 


54 


73 


131 


1857-58 


14 


102 


77 


193 


1887-88 


7 


45 


104 


156 


1858-59 


21 


127 


81 


229 


1888-89 


5 


47 


98 


150 


1859-60 


23 


121 


54 


198 


1889-90 


2 


38 


87 


127 



dhurch dollcgcs IPbict] ^avi Been anb Ctre Hot 



Excludin}: Columbia College in the City of New York, and lyehisrh Univ- 
ersity at South Bethlehem. Pennsylvania, where in matters of religion, the 
influence of the Protestant Episcopal Church predominates and controls, but 
which are in no sense Diocesan or General Church Institutions, our Church has 
to-day only four educational enterprises which offer, to students in general, 
facilities for securing a liberal education — (1 ) Trinity Coll6ge at Hartford, 
Conn., (2) Hobart (College at Geneva. N. Y. (Z) Kenyon College at Gambler, 
Ohio. (4) The University of the South at Sewanee. Tenn. 

Among Church Institutions which have passed away altogether, or have 
cea.sed to do collegiate work. .are the following: 

1. Shelby College. Kentucky. This Colleffe was organized in ]h3<>. and 
transferred to the JJiocese in 184<^). After varying fortunes and man^' emV>ar- 



5 IS KENYON COLLEGE. 



rassments, in 1S70 the property was surrendered to the trustees of the Town 
of Shelbyville. 

2. Kemper College, Missouri. This College was started by Bishop Kem- 
per in 1836. Soon after the consecration of the first Bishop of Missouri, Bishop 
Hawks, it was found necessarj' for him to go East " to endeavor to secure 
means with which to save the projierty, but in vain ; and in November, 1845, a 
property belonging to the Church, which Bishop Kemper had secured with the 
most anxious elfort, and intended to be the best monument of his Episcopate, 
was sold for a debt of 1 1(3,000." It is now within the limits of the City of 
St. Louis, and is worth more than half a million dollars. Bishop Robertson 
declares that its loss was one of the greatest calamities which the Church in 
the West has ever received, and that Bishop Kemper to the end of his life 
could never speak of the loss without tears in his eyes. 

3. Jubilee College, Illinois. This was Bishop Chase's venture of faith at 
Robin's Nest, near Peoi'ia. It was fairly successful for a time, but long ago 
ceased to do collegiate work and is now abandoned. 

4. St. PauPs College, Long Island. Here the great Dr. Muhlenberg lab- 
ored, and his influence for good went all over our land, but his College died in 
its infancy. 

5. Bristol College, Pennsylvania. Great things were expected of this 
College — Bishop Bedell is one of its graduates — but long ago it ceased to live. 

6. Burlington College, New Jersey. This College was founded by Bishop 
Doane, a man of wonderful gifts, and great enthusiasm. Between 1850 and 
1860, ten College classes were graduated. But, after the later date, it was 
found necessary to suspend the collegiate department. 

7. St. James College, Maryland. For this College Bishop Whittingham 
toiled mightly, and under the rectorship of Dr. Kerfoot, afterwards Bishop of 
Pittsburgh, it did useful Collegiate work. But it perished amid the strife of 
the civil war and, to the great grief of many loyal Churchmen, has never been 
revived. The buildings are now used by a private school for boys. 

8. St. Pauls' College. Palmyra, Missouri. For a dozen years before the 
great civil conflict this institution prospered. But then, naturally, it declined, 
and the property was sold; to be repurchased, however, in 1869. In 1882 its 
doors were closed. 

9. Nebraska College, Nebraska. This grew out of a boys school estab- 
lished by Bishop Clarkson. By its constitution it was a College of the Church 
in the Diocese of Nebraska, empowered to confer the usual degrees. The 
bachelor's degree in course was conferred upon only two students, but honor- 
ary degrees were widely scattered. In 1885 it ceased to exist; its property 
was sold under mortgage to pay its indebtedness, and its Board of Trustees 
disbanded. 



KENYON COLLE(iE. 319 



10. (jriswold CollesPi Iowa. For lliis ( 'ollejit' Hisliop Lee toiled licroic- 
ally. It lias sujierior l)iiil(lini:s. ami sdinc ciiildwincnl. hut its ( 'oilciiiatc 
(lei)artineiit is no loniicr in opei-alion. 

11. Ilaciiie Collefje, Wisconsin. 'I'linl Iimh- Knij;iit of the Cross, James 
DeKoven, save tlic strciiiitli of his iilc lor the iiphnildinfi ol' this school, and 
hoped and prayed tjial it ini^hl ki"ow into a '• C!linrch University lor the West 
and Northwest." It has now, in its ])re])aratory dejiartmenl, a small nnrnher 
of hoys under ellicieni instrnclion, liiil the Colleiiiale de]iarluienl lias been 
snsjxMided. 

Nothinj; is here said of such Ncnini-es as I-tishop Hopkins" .\caileniical and 
Theological Institution, known as the N'ermoiit Episcopal Institute. Nor is 
any mention made of William and Mary ('ol]ej;e in Virginia. With the 
exception of Harvard College, William and Mary is the oldest American Col- 
lege, and was oncse our richest College. The (Jeneral Assemldy of Virginia 
asked Cor it a royal endowment "to the end that the (Jhurch of \'iiginia may 
lie furnished with a Seminary of Minist(M-s of the (iospel, and thai I lie youth 
may he |)iously educated in good letters and manneis, and tiial llie ('hristiaii 
faith may be propagated amongst the Western lndiall^ lo liie glory of Almighty 
God." For a long series of years "the presidency of the (College and the 
primacy of the Chnrch of Virginia were re])resented l>y one and tiie same 
man," whilst during and afler the revolution, I he tirsi Bisiio]) of \'irgiiiia, 
Bishop Madison, was President. His was a long period of service, from 1777 
to 1812. Bishop Johns was President from 1S4!) to 1854. To-day its halls are 
desolate. The old (College bell rings only once a year. 

To the earnest Churchman, who is interested in higher education, the 
story of what the Church has done in the Inited States for this great cause is 
not particularly encouraging. But surely something can be learned from past 
mistakes. A distinguished educator, widely known throughout the Church, 
has said truly that ''more than sixty years of experience has shown that 
there is some fault in our methods by which many ])romising enterprises have 
perished, and those which survive have attained no growth commensurate 
with their age; whilst the Colleges of other Churches have been founded and 
grown strong by our side." 

Our Colleges should have a larger const it nency than that belonging toany 
one Diocese. If they are controlled by a Diocese they will, at times, be the 
foot ball of small Diocesan politicians, nor can they have the stability essential 
to their large development and growth. Surely the time has come for their 
emancipation. Whenever they are allowed to become mere appendages to a 
j)articular lOpiscopate, unsatisfactory results must inevitably follow. 



320 KENTON COLLEGE. 



Ct^e dt^urct^ llntperstty 3oar6 of Hcgcnts 



The following joint resolution was unanimously adopted by the General 
Convention in St. George's Church, New York, October 15, 1889 : 

Whereas, This Church, by the action of the General Convention, can 
give encouragement to her schools, colleges, academic and theological institu- 
tions, inviting their co-operation, securing help in their behalf, and advancing 
the educational interests of the Church ; 

Resolved, The House of Bishops concurring, that a body to be known as 
The Church University Board of Regents be constituted as follows : Three 
members of this Church shall be appointed by the Committee of the House of 
Bishops on Christian Education, three more by the committee of the House of 
Deputies on Christian Education, and one more by the two Committees on 
Christian Education, acting jointly, the last-named Regent to serve as Advo- 
cate in awakening and securing the interest and assistance of the Church. 
These seven Regents may elect five more, but the total number of Regents 
must not exceed twelve. They may appoint an Advisory Committee to 
further the educational interests of schools, colleges, academic and theological 
institutions of the Church. 

The Board shall have two chief functions : 

First. To promote education under the auspices of the Church, and 

Second. To receive and distribute all benefactions that may be entrusted 
to it. 

It shall report to the next General Convention a detailed scheme of 
organization and operation. The Regents appointed under this resolution 
shall continue in office until the next General Convention, or until their suc- 
cessors ai'e appointed, and shall have power to fill vacancies ad interiin. 

The Regents are : The Bishop of Albany, Chairman, thee Bishop of 
Minnesota, the Bishop of Tennessee, Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, Rev. Dr. D. H. 
Greer, Rev. Dr. W. R. Huntington, Rev. Dr. E. N. Potter, Advocate: Messrs. 
Henry Coppee, Henry Drisler, Samuel Eliot, W. P. Johnston, G. W. Van- 
derbilt. 

The following is extracted from the full and favorable reference to this sub- 
ject by the Bishop of Albany in his address : 

" The General Convention has taken a long and wise step in advance, it 
seems to me, in the creation of the Church University Board of Regents. The 
strong and stirring words of this year's pastoral letter are in the same line of 
emphasizing and impressing the importance of Christian Education, upon the 
Church's' plan. Hitherto the two Houses have had each its own Committee 






'- / ' 






KEN VON COLLEGE. 321 



on Christian Education. Sometimes, within recent, years, these two Com- 
mittees have met in joint session, and tiiree years ago, they were permitted to 
sit together during the recess of the General Convention. Out of this really 
lias grown the present important movement. It was proposed by the Presi- 
dent of Ilobart College, and virtually decided upon at a meeting of Christian 
Edur'ators called, winter before last, under the auspices of the two Committees. 
"The purpose of this Church University Board of Regents is "to give 
encouragement to Church Schools and Institutions of higher learning, and by 
a central Boaid lo invite their co-operation, secure the help of Churchmen 
and others in tlu'ir behalf and promote the educational interests of the 
Church.' It is to do ibr education, what Boards have done for Missions, to 
focalize and concentrate and intensify intei'est. It is to do for our own Schools 
and Colleges, what the Boards of Education, in the Presbyterian Church, for 
instance, have done nobly and generously for their Schools. And the impor- 
tance of it cannot be overrated, if one remembers what large numbers of 
Church children are educated in Roman Catholic or other denominational 
Institutions, or in Institutions with no religious training, or let it be said with 
shame, in Institutions whose strong and scarcely concealed drift is irreligious 
if not infidel. When one sees what really large amounts of money have been 
given by Churchmen in the past, to sustain Schools over whose religious inter- 
est, to say the least of it, the Church has no control, it is a matter of most 
serious interest, that something should be done to unify and illustrate and 
emphasize the strong value of Christian training on the Church's lines." 



CTn 3ntcrc^tincs €6ucational llTorcmcnt 



Editorial in tlie New York Triljune.] 

Elsewhere will be found an interesting account of a hopeful educational 
movement, which has been recently started in the Episcopal Church. A 
body, known as the Church University Board of Regents, was created by the 
last General Convention, whose function it is to promote a higher and broader 
scholarship in the Episcopal Church. The Board will aim to accomplish this, 
first, by holding special examinations, at which the students in the various 
denominational colleges will l)e entitled to compete. To those who success- 
fully attain a certain percentage, a resident fellowship, or a traveling scholar- 
ship, worth five or six hundred dollars a year, and good for a term of j^ears, 
will be awarded. The holder of a fellowship will pursue a post-graduate 
course at some ximerican college, while the holder of a scholarshi]) will pursue 



322 KENYON COLLEGE. 



a similar course at a foreign university. Possibly, also, the Board niiiy decide 
to grant degrees to graduates of colleges, who successfully pass a prescribed 
examination. 

The second object of the Board is to act as the educational working arm 
and eye of the Church, in planting new institutions of learning and sustaining 
those that already exist and deserve to succeed. Strange as it may seem, in 
spite of the high average intelligence of its members, the Episcopal Church is 
weak in its educational institutions. They cannot be compared with similar 
institutions in other Christian bodies, in either financial strength or high 
scholarship. This has been largely due to the fact that the Church has 
hitherto possessed no comprehensive scheme of education. The building and 
support of schools and colleges has rested entirely with dioceses or individ- 
uals. This has resulted in the establishment of many institutions, for which 
there was no real need, and for which also there was no support. In this way 
large sums of money have lieen virtually wasted. The Church has, indeed, a 
few excellent denominational colleges, Inil they have little more than a local 
representation, and Episcopalians genenilly take only a languid interest in 
them. 

The scheme which this University Board of Regents has mapped out 
appears to be an excellent one, and to deserve the cordial support of all Epis- 
copalians. Ultimately, it contemplates the consolidation of all the denomina- 
tional colleges into one or more great universities, with the power to grnnt 
degrees vested in the Board of Regents. Local pride and sectional jealousy 
may stand in the way of this consolidation for many years; but if the laity 
generally will heartily support the new movement, there is little doubt that 
the colleges will gradually fall in line. While this may mean the elimination 
of some institutions, and the absorption of others, it will vastly increase the 
strength and efficiency of those that will remain, and raise the standard of 
sound scholarship throughout the Church. The aims of the Board are in line 
with a marked tendency of the age, which is to have fewer and better colleges. 
There is no room- for doubt that the undue multiplication of struggling col- 
leges in this country has been detrimental to the interests of education; not, 
however, because they are small, but because they have no real reason for 
being, and because, also, their standard of scholarship is necessarily low. Any 
movement, therefore, which looks to a reform in this matter deserves the sym- 
pathy and aid of all who desire to promote sound learning and broad scholar- 
ship in American institutions of learning. 



KENYON COLLKGE. 323 



G Suggestion from i)on. Cnbrsw I>. IDfjitc, €€. D., 



Krom the North American Review, October, 1890.] 

How can the Iransition from the present chaos (o a well ordered separa- 
tion between tlie Colleges and Ihiiversities, in whidi each sliall discharge its 
a])propnate function, be best accomplished i^ 

Let institutions of small endowment, whether called colleges or univer- 
sities, frankly take their rightful position; let them stop claiming to do work 
which their authorities know well that they cannot accomplish in competition 
with the largely-endowed universities. Let them accept the situation, and 
begin with their Ireshmen year two years earlier than the present freshman 
year at most of the better colleges — that is, let them put their roots down 
into the great pulilic school system of the country, and draw directly and 
copiously from it. A course of instruction thus formed would I)egin witii the 
beginning of the higher arithmetic, algebra, geometry, the principal modern 
languages, the elements of the natural sciences, and, for those who wish to 
study them, one or more of the ancient languages. Next, let this course in the 
intermediate college be continued up to the point which is at present reached, 
as a rule, in our colleges and universities of a good grade at the beginning oi' 
tiie junior year. After its four years' work, let the (Jollege bestow its diplo- 
mas or certiticates upon its graduating classes, and then let those who desire 
it be admitted into the universities upon the presentation of these certificates 
and diplomas. 

Next, ;is to the universities. In these let there be courses of advanced 
study, general, professional, or technical, covering, we will say. three years, 
and graduating men into the various professions. 

Should this system be evolved, the United States will have a system of 
instruction as good as any in the world; indeed, in some respects lietter than 
any other in the world. 

As to the intermediate colleges, the earliest el]c<'l upon tlieiu would l)e to 
give them a far larger number of students tiian they have now, and, therefore, 
more ample means and a far stronger hold u|)on the community. Those great 
freshman ami sophomore classes which swarm in upon Harvard, Yale, Prince- 
ton, the University of Michigan, Cornell, and other large universities, would 
Ik- divided among these intermediate colleges, for under the proposed system 
students could not, as a rule, enter tlie larger universities save through the 
intermediate colleges. 

These intermediate colleges would thus be called lo do the work which 
they can do thoroughly jvell. 'J'hey would have no need of great laboratories, 
or extensive libraries, or complicated collections, or rooms equij)])ed for 
"seminary'' instruction; they would be training colleges, their main need 
being good professors, moderate libraries, simple illustrative apparatus, and 
such collections as are needed for the instruction generally given up lo the 
beginning of the junior year in our colleges. 



?24 



KENYON COLLEGE. 




Bisl^op rinccnt. 



BY REV. GEORGE HODGES, PITTSBURGH, PA. 



Boyd Vincent, Doctor in Divinity, nnd Assistant Bishop of the Diocese ol 
Southern Ohio, spent the whole ol' liis ministry as a priest — except the two 
earliest years of it — in one parish, Calvary Parish, Pittsburgh. 

He was born in Erie. Pennsylvania, in 1845, and was dowered at (he start 
with the heritage of a good ancestry. His father was a manufacturer and 
banker of that city, a man well-known (hroughont his diocese as an active, gen- 
erous, and intluential Churchman. 

He studied at Erie Academy, and was graduated with honor al Yale in 
the Class of "67. His theological studies were carried on at Berkeley, where 
he completed his course in 1871. 

In the same year Bishop Keribot ordained him to be diacouate, and he 
began his ministry as assistant to the Rev. J. F. Spalding, then rector of 
St. Paul's, Erie, and now Bishop of Colorado. The little Mission of Cross and 
Crown, connected with St. Paul's, was the field of Vincent's first ministerial 
work. He had already done service (here as lay-reader and Superintendent of 
the Sunday School. In 187'2, he was advanced to the priesthood by Bishop 
Kerfoot, in St. Paul's Church 

In 1874, Calvary Church, Pittsburgh, was without a rector. The parish was 
in a critical condition. The Rev. Mr. Wilson, its former rector, a man of unques- 
tioned ability, earnestness, and devotion, resjjeeted and beloved by all his 



KENYON COLLEGE. 325 



congi-ofialinii, liail felt il liis duly (o wilhilniw rrmii tlic iiiiiiisi it ol I he Cliuivli, 
,111(1 to f^ivi' liis strciifitli ami hinisell' lo tlie new iiiovomfiil (lor wliicli f^roul 
tilings were then lioiicd), wliicli was led by Bislioj) (Jiininiiiis. Me. Wilson 
had resigned his rectorshi|) and organized a JJelornied Kjiiscopal congregation 
made up of his followers i'roni tiie Parish (Jhiircli. 'I'iicy had Imill a litlle 
nieefiiig-hoiise, a stone's Ihrow IVoiii ('alvary. Mvcry t liiiiL^ was in di'|)loralilc 
conlusion. 

It was at tills jnncliire tiiat Bisho]) Kerloot told the Calvary vestry that 
the man they needed lived in Krie, and that his name was \'ineciil. 'i'he 
\('stry followed the Bishop's advice, and Vincent accej)ted IIk; I'orlorn reclor- 
sliip. At once, things began to change. >Se])aration ceased. People itegan to 
come hack and get in their old jilaces. The Rev. !\Ir. NVil^oii was i ailed to a 
new held, and accepted the call. .And, ikjI Ion;: alter, the little Keriirmed 
K])isco])al Church had three or tniir pari itiiui^ put acro>-s it, and was iMrned 
into li tenement house. 

Mr. Vincent was re<'tor of Calvary for fourteen years. They were years 
of steady growth, unhnjken harmony, and prosperity. When the rector was 
called to the episcojjate, the Church had si.x Iniiidred and lifteeii communi- 
i.iiits. Il included three missions; one of whiili, Iwn miles finm the Parisii 
Church, was holding full independent service, with a communicant list of one 
hundred names; two of which have since become self-supporting j)arishes. 'I'he 
rector was aided by two assistants, 'i'he parish was thorougiily organized for 
work. 'I'iie Parish (Juild Iiad between three and four hundred members. 
There were between seven and eight hundred chihlren in the Sunday Schools. 
The little broken parish had grown, under wise leadership, to be the foremost 
parish in the Diocese, in zeal, in numbers, and in good works. 

Mr. Vincent declined several calls during his rectorshij), notably one to 
St. Lukci's, (iermantown, as successor to Dr. Vibberl, and another to the 
('hurcli of the Redeemer, Brooklyn, as successor to his friend, Dr. Leonard, 
now Bishop of Ohio. He was twice elected Deputy to the Ceneial Conven- 
tion, in ISH.S and in 188(!. 

Bishoj) Vincent has the gift of attracting peojile's alfection. At Calvary 
(!luirch, everybody loved him, rich and poor, in I he ])arish and out of the par- 
ish, lie has always especially approved liimself to the esteem and contidence 
of men, a strong, clear-headed, sensible, manly man. 

Bisho]) Vincent, in the years of his reclorshiii at (Calvary, was known as a 
preacher of good, reasonable, genuine religion, whose sermons were meant to 
give men si)iritual hel]). His slrenglh was in his frank, out-spoken, allection- 
ate, and faithful spirit, and in his singularly wise and accurate judgment. He 
knew how to direct. He knew how lo get the best work and service out of 
everybody. As for his Churchmanship he has always been on the side of the 
(nnirch, caring more for great truths than for lillle ones, hospitable to new 
truth, wide-minded, never petty nor narrow in anything. 

He was consecrated Bislio]) in St. Paul's Church, Cincinnati, on St. Paul's 
Day, 1889. 



326 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



^ist^op iconarb 




William Andrew Leonard, Doctor in 
Divinity, iburtli Bishop of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church in the Diocese ol' 
Ohio, was born at Southport, Conn., 
July 15, 184S. He was educated at 
riiillips Academy, Andover, Mass., at 
St. Stephen's College, Annandale, N. Y., 
and at the Berkeley Divinity School, 
Middletown, Conn. He owes much to 
(he instructions and influence of Bishoj) 
Williams, by whom he was ordained 
Deacon, May 31, 1S71, and Priest, July 
21, 1872. His diaconate was spent at 
(he Churcli of the Holy Trinity, Brook- 
lyn, New York, of which Church his 
father had been for many years a War- 
den, and the Rev. Dr. Charles 11. Hall 
the great and noble Rector. From 1872 to 1881 he was Rector of the Church 
of the Redeemer, Brooklyn, where he was very successful in his work. In 
1881 he became Rector of St. John's Church, AYashington, D. C, in which 
position his work attracted national attention. He was consecrated Bishop in 
St. Thomas's Church, New York, October 12, 1889. 

For the Church in the State of Ohio, and for the educational work at 
Gambier, it is certainly a cause for gratitude that Bishops Vincent and Leon- 
ard have been, for many years, devoted friends,' so that they can readily pull 
together as " true yoke-fellows." In his Convention address for 1890 Bisho]) 
Vincent said : '' Bisho}) Leonard is so well known that I need hardly do more 
than remind you of the Church's great gain in his coming among us. My 
very special congratulations go out to the Diocese of Ohio upon their securing 
such a Bishop. His manliness of character, his spiritual earnestness, his tire- 
less energy, his thorough methods of work, his long experience of men and 
aflairs, in one of the largest and most influential of our parishes, all qiialify 
him highly for his new and responsible position. Perhaps I may be permitted 
here, too, an added reference to the peculiar pleasure I have personally in his 
call to Ohio, from the fact that we were seminary classmates, and have always 
since been intimate personal friends. It seems a very gracious providence 
which, after many pleasing coincidences in our lives, should have placed us 
here together, flnallv side bv side." 



KENION COLLEGE. 



327 



Her. CTIfrcb 'Biakc, D. D., anb i7arcourt place 5cl)ool 




AHVcd Ulake was l)orii at Keeiie, New llaini)sliii'p, October 27, 1809, and 
(lied a( ( iaiiihior, January 80, ls77. He was a Kenyoii graduate, ol' t lie class 
ol' 1.S2!). His liCe tliereal'ler was spent as a teacher and guide of youth, and 
as a minister ol' the religion ol' Jesus Christ, to all sorts and conditions of men. 
In \s:,\ he was led seriously to consider whether lie ought not to give uji his 
worii ill ( 'iiiciiiuati, where he was connected with Christ Church, and doing 
iiinst ialiorioiis work as Cily Missioiiar\-. Some mciiilici-s (if llial congregation 
had come to know his gl■(^•ll worth, and were anxious fo rchiiii liim. 'J'liey 
lirsl oll'crcil him a horse and liiiggy to aid him in his iinliring iahors, and when 
thai oH'cr was declined, they iiro|iosc'd to gi\c him a iioiisc, an. I tiial outright, 
as a lokcii of their appreciation. He traiikly told (hem I hat lie did mil care lo 
own a house in Cincinnati, liiit thai he wouhl like greatly to own a iioiise in 
( iamhier, and to open there a l'a;iiily school for hoys. He was not without 
experience as a teacher even then, for si.\ years of his lite had been given lo 



328 KENYON COLLEGE. 



the charge of Miliior Hall, in association with his brother-in-law, Eev. Norman 
Badger ; and Gambler was, to him, the best loved spot on earth. It so hap- 
pened that the old home of Bishop Mcllvaine was vacant, and for sale. It 
was not difficult to agree upon a price. So the property, consisting of the 
house and an acre and a half of land, was generously bought and presented to 
Mr. Blake by his Cincinnati friends. This was the first land ever sold in 
Gambier. As prosperity came to him, he increased the size of his property 
until it finally embraced thirteen acres. On the 1st of May, 1852, he opened 
Harcoui't Place School, with fourteen Cincinnati boys, and for twenty-five 
years thereafter the School was not without some Cincinnati repi'esentatives. 

One, thoroughly well qualified to express a true judgment, has written: 
" Having at last found his life work, his happy, genial, lovable nature made a 
Christian home for his pupils, a home full of brightness and good fellowship, 
which they could never in after years forget. His limit was twenty-five boys, 
and he taught each of them that he was trusted as a young gentleman, and 
his word accepted until he should be proven to be untrustworthy. If deceived 
stern justice rose within him, and the strong i-ight arm of that kindly man 
firmly dealt with the offender, or the gentle voice told him gravely some 
wholesome, if not altogether welcome, truths." 

His home was always open, and he literal^ " used hospitality without 
grudging." His children can to-day remember how sometimes thej were 
tumbled out of bed in the middle of the night to make room for some unlooked 
for guest. Professor Wharton was for j^ears an inmate of his household, and 
a dear and honored friend. So was the Rev. Samuel Clements, the College 
Chaplain. 

For many years, the night before the College Commencement always 
found the doors at Harcourt standing open, and the house filled with guests. 
People came to these receptions from far and near. So the commencement 
day breakfast often required ajS much provision as the entertainment of the 
night before. How his children used to watch on these occasions (and some 
not his children, also) for the coming from Perry of the " Ark drawn by the 
Elephants," as they called Mr. Trimble's roomy carriage and big horses, for 
they knew that, liidden somewhere in the spacious depths thereof, were the 
finest of early apples, brought on purpose for them. 

For many years he had the charge and oversight of the churches at Mill 
Creek and Perry; one twenty-five miles from Gambler, the other fifteen. And 
these missions he visited faithfully, rain or shine, no matter what the weather 
or the condition of the roads might be ; fulfilling all the obligations of a rector. 
His lameness made it very difficult for him to mount a horse, yet often the 
country roads would not let him go in any other way, and nothing but sickness 
ever kept him from his duty. He was also Treasurer of the Diocesan Educa- 



KENYON COLLEGE. 




lional Fund, which broiiglit him in contact with young men, lo wiioni liis 
cheery counsel was often a lasting benefit, and they left Gamliier wilii a deej) 
love for him in their hearts. 

Towards dumb animals his gentleness was very marked, and one of his 
teachers often remarked : " I would rather be Dr. Blake's dog, than any 
other person's on this eartli." He delighted in watching all his animals, and 
in telling of the intelligent things he saw them do. For ten years before his 
death a small l)iai-k and ttui terrier ruled this large hearted man in a way 
whicli often sur])rised tlie otiier members of Ids houseliold. The dog nevci' 
faileil to can-N- his poiiit witii his master, and was I)i-. Itlake's constant 
<'iim)):niion. 

"On January L'6, L^TO, Dr. Blake had a slight stroke of paralysis, from 
tlie effects of wdiich he never recovered, although his death did not occur until 
a year later. Throughout that year of sickness the brightest, sunniest, most 
cheerful spot in the whole house was his sick room ; and from that center his 
inlluence for good flowed out strong, swift, and clear, though the outward man 
was perishing day by d;iy. Old jiupils came to see him now and then during 
this last year of his eartldy life, and found his smile as bright as ever, and Ids 
hearty grasp so lirm they could hardly believe he was dying." 

The iMid came .laniiary 80, ISTT. And a few days later all that was 
mortal (if Dr. l^lake was Imrnc to the college graveyard by men who had 
worl;cd and lalmrcd lor him in man\' ways, and to whom his wise and kindly 
liberality had been ol'ten manilcsled. 

In his s .hool. Dr. l^lake hail many coworkers, chief among whom were 
the Kev. Edward C. Benson, afterwards Professor Benson, and .1. 1). 11. 
.Ahdvinley, whose influence over llie boys was exceeding great, and always 
wisely and lovingly jiul forth. 



330 KENYON COLLEGE. 



IDanteb— ZTTore Students! 



The test of numbers is by too many accepted as the fitting test whereby 
to decide the question of the success of any given educational work. This 
test was repudiated half a century ago by Bishop Mcllvaine, when he earn- 
estly declared, "A few young men, well educated, are worth a host, super- 
ficially taught." 

A recent writer in the Nation says truly: "Among our Western Colleges 
and Universities those are, generally speaking, the most populous which give 
the time honored degTees for almost any studies, and in almost any quantity 
the student may choose. Those who speak and write, or strive in other ways, 
against these things, may be overborne by the present tide against them, but 
their zeal is kept alive by the confident hope that time will vindicate the 
wisdom of their efforts." 

Still, students are the material upon which a College must work, and 
Kenyon needs more students. How are they to be had '( The Junior Regent 
of Kenyon Military Academy is exceedingly well adapted to the work of can- 
vassing for boys, and has been very successful therein. So long as he gives 
himself to this work, with the energy and skill which he has hitherto dis- 
played, any school with which he is connected, if others do their part to make 
it a thoroughly good school, can hardly lack for students. In these days it 
would seem that a somewhat similar work must be done for the College, par- 
ticularly as there is a diminishing supply from Gambler itself. From 1880 to 
1885 the number entering Kenyon College, who had received their prepar- 
atory training in Gambler, was nearly ninety. From 1885 to 1890 the number 
was but little more \h&n forty. 

In the olden time there was a Senior and a Junior Preparatory School in 
Gambler. It may be wise to re-establish the Senior Preparatory School, to be 
carried on in the College buildings, under the direction of the College Faculty, 
and to seek as material therefor those who are poor in this world's goods, but 
struggling to secure a liberal education, as a thing of priceless value. 

There is also much to hope for from the present widespread movement to 
bring into closer relationship the Colleges and High Schools of the State. 
Several of the jeading Colleges have agreed so to modify their requisites for 
admissian, that High School graduates can readily be admitted as members of 
the Freshman Class. This is a most important step, in the right direction. 
Let the study of Greek be begun with the Freshman year, as in the University 
of Michigan; and let the Colleges reach out their hands in welcome to the 
graduates of superior High Schools, and the result will be a great gain for 
education ; and, at some of our best Colleges, the number of students will be 
largely increased. 

With regard to Bexley Hall, the success of the present year has been so 
gratifying and so great as to lead to the confident declaration that the new 
Bishops in Ohio may safely be depended upon to see that the theological 
department is thoroughly well supplied with students. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



331 




d]e '£c5son of tl}^ dt^imcs 



BY TIIK RT. REV. (iREGORV THIRSTON liEDELL, D. D., .TUNE 22, A. D. 1879, 



WdimiY IS THE Lamb that was slain to receive Power, and Riches, and Wisdom, 

AND StKENUTH, and HoNOK, AND (il,ORV, AND BLESSING- AmKN! h'nrlutiO)! V . : 12, 14. 



The Lessons ol' the CUiiiiies is our tlieine tins iiioriiiiiji. If they were iiol 
lull of the Gospel, you would not hear about them from this place. Hut just 
as the cruciform structure of this Church reminds us of the Cross: just as 
every window tells us some portion of the evangelical story: just as every 
adornment of (he Sanctuarv is full of the wonls of Christ : just as the arrange- 



332 KENYON COLLEGE. 



ments of tlie chancel teach us that the first step in Christian life is evidenced 
by Baptism, which introduces us to the privileges of the covenant; that the 
next step is to listen to the Preaching of that Word, which St. John tells us 
was brought to the Church as on the wings of a flying eagle; that the next 
step is to stand in front of tlie Holy Table to receive the blessing of the 
Bishop in Confirmation; and the last of this series of acts is to kneel around 
the Table of the Lord to partake in penitent faith of the symbols of His dying 
love, and so be ready for the Communion of Saints in His immediate presence : 
just as the Tower, and the Spire, and the Cross above it, instruct us that the 
way from earth to heaven is through the Ciiurch, and by a ver^^ narrow diffi- 
cult path, ever upward, until at the foot of the symbol of the Saviour's sacri- 
fice we leave all earthly scenes and cares, and pass to the everlasting purity 
and light and glory where God lives : so the Chimes ring for us the Praises of 
our Lord, and bring us constant messages of His Gospel. 

My heart is very glad to-day. For to-day we bring out the cap-stone of 
our beautiful house with shoutings of Grace, grace unto it. The cap-stone and 
the chief corner-stone in Scripture are the same. So in our Church they are 
but one. Both of them are the one Christ Jesus our Lord. As we laid the 
corner-stone in jjrayer and faith, trusting that the " Church of the Holy 
Spirit," which was to be built on it might in all generations tell the story of 
the Saviour's love and grace, so we built The Tower, and planned a Chime 
which was to be placed within it, that should be the cap-stone, and to all gen 
erations ring out the praises of that Saviour's name. As the gracious purpose 
of the Holy Spirit is to take of the things of Christ and show them unto men, 
so it was our hope, and, if God should allow it, our purpose, that the " Church 
of the Holy Spirit" should constantly set tbrth tlie Gospel of tlie Son of God 
at every point. The first stone — not tiiat only which is called the corner, and 
which you all have seen; but the first stone — laid deep inthe earth, and 
which no one saw but the builder and ourselves, was laid with humble prayer 
and in fervent hope that this Church would glorify the Saviour. We made 
ready a chamber in the Tower, waiting and expecting that even in our lifetime 
it would be filled with the praises of Him who bought us with His blood. 
The order of the future Chime was prepared, and the inscriptions were writ- 
ten, as yor^ will find them all, upon the parchment which has been hanging in 
the vestry room ever since the day of consecration. Nothing was wanting in 
it, except the names of the donors of the Bells. One of those bells — the 
" Wisdom-bell " — was given by two members of Ascension Church, New York, 
whose names are recorded there. Of those generous donors, one has already 
been taken to the rest of Paradise. 

We should have waited longer for the realization of our scheme — but still 
hopefully — had not an Alumnus of Kenyon, during these last few months. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 333 



decided to accomplisli the original design. His energy and delerniination, 
paralleled only by his success, while they have excited both wonder and sur- 
l)rise. have secured our lasting gratitude. As he has most kindly intended it 
as a mark of special regard to us, we accept it with thorough appreciation. 
But below that motive, and giving a higher value to it, was the intention to 
glorify God, and make this holy house more worthy of the sacred Triune name. 
Wherever a high, right motive for a beneticent act exists in sincerity, God's 
]irovi(lence permits more than one great purpose to be accomplished simulta- 
ncinisly. And so tliis gift of the Chime and the Clock is a gift from the 
friends and well wishers of our Kenyon College to Kenyon's Church and Ken- 
ton's Students. It is a token from more than one of them of grateful recol- 
Ici'tions of an already venerable Alma Mater; and coupled with them in many 
cases is the memory of the df ad. Some were especially dear to the originator 
of this movement ; some are treasured names in our country's history; and all 
are dear to Kenyon. 

Although not permitted to mention the Alumnus to whom we are espe- 
cially indebted, I cannot doubt that I express the sentiments of my fellow- 
students, and of all the congregation which we have invited to use this Church, 
\\ lien I assure him that his labors and sacrifices are warmly appreciated. He 
can have no reward, and expects none, except the consciousness of a good and 
genei-ous deed, but his name will never be dissevered from the Chimes and 
Clock of Gambler. 

'I'o the liberal donors we desire I bus ])ublicly to oiler our grateful acknowl- 
edgments. If any should be singled out it would be our neighbors, and the 
less able of our townsmen, w ho both by lalior freely rendered, and by gifts of 
materials, and by contributions, every one of which was at a sacrifice, have 
enabled us to complete this oH'ering to (Jod. They have had the thanks of 
nlhers. I beg them now to receive ours, very heartily rendered. 

I have accepted the Chime and the Clock in your name, young gentle- 
nu'n of Kenyon College. As at first I placed the Church ujider your pro- 
led ion, and you have never failed in loyalty to the trust, so now the Bells 
;ind Clock are given into your guardianship. They are intended mainly for 
your convenience, and are parts now of your College Church. They will add 
to the attractiveness of this charming College Park; and we trust in future 
years will linger among your pleasant remembrances of college days. It will 
be an easy thing to destroy our work. A careless hand, or a malicious (inger, 
might in a moment make all our labor useless. Therefore we shall use every 
precaution to protect this delicate machinery against carelessness. We can- 
not protect it against malice or mis(diief. But possibly you may be able to 
throw around it such a cordon of right public sentiment, that both malice and 
mischief may be prevented. 



'334 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



Chimes are considered the glory of a Church. Few Churches possess 
them. I doubt if any Church possesses a purer and more perfect set of beJls 
than ours. It is not an ordinary but a full Chime — nine bells. The authori- 
ties of Trinity Church, New York, told me that every end that was worth 
accomplishing on a Chime could be wrought with nine bells.' In England 
chiming is a profession. Every bell has its ringer; and to chime well is the 
work of a life. But by American ingenuity and the applications of science our 
Chime is made easily manageable by one skillful mind, and the labor of one 
person. These facts are mentioned so that it may be understood that these 




Chimes are not a trifling gift to Gambler; but that together with the Clock 
(which hereafter is to do part of the chiming by machinery) it is one of the 
most complete and noble gifts which our Institutions have yet received. It 
deserves our united and best thanks. 

Passing now from other purposes of the Chimes, the chief and main design 
is that to which we have already referred, which has been kept steadily in 
view i'rom the besiinning : The glorv oi' Christ. The storv of the Cross. The 



KENYON COLLEGE. 335 

praise oi' His soveieigii grare. Tliese bells are to ring out the Gospel. We 
have so arranged it, that it you only remember what is written on the Bells, 
they can never tell you any tale of joy or sorrow, never chime for you the 
festivities of Kenyon, or Ihe gladness of our National holidays, never waken 
you to the duties of an hour, or soothe you with their soft music in the night 
watciies, without reuiiiuling you of tile name of Jesus, and the work of Jesus, 
of Ilis titles to your love, of your privilege of praise, or of His unspeakably 
])n"ci(ius lienedictions. For, our text is tiie Inscription on Ihe Bells; as you 
may I'cad it, when stan<liiig anumg lliem, and facing the West; beginning with 
the words engraved on the central great Bell, and reading alternately from 
the greater to the less, terminating with the least : 

1. Worthy ls the Lamu that was si.aIxM to receive 

•2. Power, and 

;]. KicHES, and 

4. WisDOJi, and 

5. Strength, and 
(>. Honour, and 
7. Glory, and 

S. Blessing. 
9. Amen. 

The first song of our Bells was ;in invocation to the Holy (Jhost the Com- 
forter and Teacher. As it rang out the familiar strain, 

" Come, Holy Si)irit, Heavenly Dove, 

Witli all thy quickening powers, 
Come shed abroad a Saviour's love, 

And that shall kindle ours," 

had you been accustomed to the story of the Bells, and learned how to inter- 
pret their sweet tongues, you would have heard on the evening air, whilst the 
Chime was praying that prayer, an undersong that answered every breath of 
tiie petition, with an ascription to the Saviour's love which would have kindled 
every aflection of your soul; and you would have sung out with the Bells — 

"Worthy is the Lamb that was slain!" 

That is what I mean. These Bells are like the tongues of angels. What- 
ever message they bring to us from (iod is lull of the grace which is in 
Christ Jesus. 

W they ring a merry peal liecause your hearts are glad, they ring too a 
reminder that all our mercies come from a Father reconciled through Jesus 
Christ. U they chime a sober strain, or toll a requiem, because your hearts 
are sad and sorrowful, they bring no less distinctly the lesson that Christ has 
died to "give us" spiritual "songs" for our "earth-born sighing." If they 



336 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



call you to begin ^^our daily studies at the Church, or remind you on the 
Baccalaureate or Commencement days, by joyous strains, that college studies 
are complete, and the studies of life begun, it is by repeating this precious 
story of "the lamb that was slain"; because this college and these schools 
and this whole curriculum of study are dedicated to Him ; because the lessons 
of the class room must all fail of their highest aim, if the gracefulness of 
Christianity does not complete the gentle manliness of your intellectual cul- 
ture; because the wisdom that tells on a successful life is that which tinds its 
inspiration and its crown in devotion to the Divine Logos. 

If the Chimes call you to National festivals, you will hear — those of you 
who have ears to catch the mysterious language of the Bells — you Avill hear, 
below the tones of "My Country, 'tis of thee I sing," a sacred strain that 
records with every note, " Blessed is that people whose God is the Lord 
Jehovah " ; and the song of the multitude who gather round the throne of " the 
Lamlj^ with praises unto Him as " King of Kings, and Lord of Lords." 

If the time should ever come when our land shall be called to defend its 

liberties, and patriot hearts need to be stinted, and men shall be demanded 

who will not hesitate to lay down everything, even life, to save their country. 

(hen let the Bells ring out a tocsin. There are memorial names upon them 

now which will tell to all ages tliat Kenyon's sons are brave. And never will 

our country call to duty when, by God's grace, Kenyon will shut her ears. 

For this land is God's last gift to the absolute freedom of religious worship, 

and to the inalienable right of every man to listen to the Gospel message for 

jiimself, to interpret it as his enlightened conscience dictates, and to answer 

for that liberty to no one except the heavenly Judge. If ever the time shall 

come, when that liberty shall be imiieriled by the madness of infidelity, or the 

carelessness of godless indifference, or the insatiable thirst of a despotic 

creed, tben ,,„, ,,, c- * u 

' "loll! Kenyon, toll, 

And let thy iron throat 
Ring out its warning noEe. 

Toll! till from either ocean's strand 
Brave men shall clasp each other's hand, 

And shout God save our native land! 
And love the land which God hath saved!" 

If you hear the chiming in your youthful days, when your heart is full of 
hope, and the future opens gladly on your vision, they will be "Silver bells." 
"What a world of merriment their melody foretells." 

A'or am I to check the exhilaration of merry youth, within reasonable 
bounds. For the wise man tempers his exhortation with only one reserve : 
" Rejoice, young man in thy youth, and let thy heart cheer thee in the days 
of thy youth." Only remember that for all things we must give account. So, 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



337 



wlu'ii tlio Cliimes are silver in your lieiiriiij;-, tiiank (iod lor liie keen apprecia- 
tions or yoiitii ; and sanctify, wliile yon intensity and regulate tliem by religion. 
If you hear the Bells 'M'roni the balmy air of night," when the providence 
of (iod shall iuive permitted you to realize somewhat of your hopes, and the 
future is no longer all a dream, but the clouds — for clouds there always will 
be — are by His mercy gilded as by a rising sun — the Chime will guin its \i>\\v 
from the key note ol' your grateful thoughts. Then they will be "Golden 




" What ii world of happiiK^s.s their harmony foretellsl 

How they ring out their delight 

From the molton, golden notes! 

From out the sounding cells 

What a gush of euphony voluminously wolfs; 

How it dwells 

On the Future!" 

But time rolls on. Tlie impassive clock records only hours as they Hy ; 
anil the days keep time with them; and the years come after them at even 
pace. While the clock is striking, hour after liour, our Iiopes are accomplislied 



338 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



one by one, and one by one they die. Our friends pass away from us day 
after day, and are seen no more. The years steal by us, and grej^ hairs creep 
on us, and our Future begins to show a near horizon, and its circle rapidly 
contracts. Then again we hear the Chime ; but the poetry has gone, and we 
realize, that, after all, they are only " Iron bells." 

"What a world of solemn thought their monody compels 
In the silence of the night!" 

I]ut did you notice, wlietlier ''silver,'' ''gold," or ''iron"' were the Bells, 
after t'very cliiniing came, on the still air, the solemn diapason — the same 
grand tonic note — unchanged by time, unalterable as hours, days, or years 
roll on — the key-note of all the Chimes, the theme of every melody in earth 
or lieaven, the thought that forms all harmonies of the Church militant or the 
Cliurch triumpliant, the Great Bell that strikes the hour, saying — 

"Worthy js thk Lamb that was slain!" 

And so you liave the grand lesson of the Chimes. It is that i'or wiiich we 
placed them in the tower; tiie great lesson of the Gospel, for penitent sinner 
and for rejoicing saint alike, " Worthy is the Lamb that was slain ! " 

In youth, in manhood, or in age ; when hopes are bright, when hopes 
are realized, when hope begins to fade; the present thought of Jesus's all-suffi- 
cient salvation is the onl\' satisfying and only never changing source of joy. 
If you are a Christian nothing can come amiss. If you are a reconciled child 
of the Iieavenl.y Father, and your faith in the sovereign love of His dear Son 
is- manifested by devotion to His service and obedience to His will, sorrow will 
be sanctified, and happiness intensified; labor lightened, work made easy, 
sacrifice consecrated, and joy increased a thousand fold. If the love of Jesus 
and love to Jesus is the unfailing undercurrent of life, the outflow of the sur- 
face stream will be perpetual felicity, however it may be rippled by adversity, 
or even tossed into waves by storms. He is " the same yesterday, to-day, and 
forever." Did you not observe it? The Chimes are manifold. They change 
with the will of the player. They express the temper of the hour, or the sen- 
timent of the, times. But the Great Bell, hour after hour, strikes one onl_y 
note ; and that is the resolution of all notes of the Gospel, the resonant out- 
burst of all faith and love and praise. - 

" Worthy is the Lamb that was slain ! " 

It is the cap-stone of our beautiful Church. The Chimes will call to 
Prayer, and Worship, and to the Sacraments which Christ has appointed. 
They are to remind you of the approach of saci-ed hours and sacred seasons. 
As in the week days they are to remind you of hours which God has ap- 
pointed for labor, and hours for rest, so on holy days, like the clear ringing of 
the silver trumpets in the days of the Tabernacle and of Solomon, these Bells 



KENYON COLLEGE. 339 

will (ell you when to jirepare lor the ])nvile<ies of the Sam-tiiarj' and prevent 
roriicttuliu'ss. I pniy you never let Ihe lessons of the Chimes pass unheeded. 

Bui, if iu (ioiTs iirovidence, you shall ho detained from Cod's house by 
illness, or (louieslic duty, keep jiace wilh tlie rliiminij.- oC llie Cloc'k. Kvery 
([uarler will tell you when (iod's worshiping' people are chanpni;- in their 
service IVoin l'ra\er to ['raise, from {'raise to the attentive lisleniu^ to liie 
Word, and Intm Ihe Word to Saeramenl. Vou can follow with your I'rayer 
Hook, or in your recollertions ; and your devotions, even from a sick-lied, will 
lorni part of Ihe i;rand harmony of sj)iritual worship which is lioiuii up from 
this sacred Hill lo the throne of God and of the Lamb. 

These .■sweet lielln will i-ing for Bajitisms. Bring your infants at their call 
to bind them in that blessed covenant with the dear Lord. 

These happy BelU will ring for Conlirmations. Lead your children to 
take a step beyond the Font. Remembering their vow, teach them to ratify 
the Covenant. Have the manly forms I see before me all realized that Chris- 
tianity is the crowning grace of character, and that the most glorious conse- 
cration of talents and life work is also the most sacred — to the service of 
Christ? 

These joyous Bells will ring for Holy Communion. As the merry voices 
of the servants were heard in the elder days, reiiunding the invited guests that 
the marriage feast was ready, so these .joy Bells will bid you to the Supper of 
the Lord. Well nuiy they be merry and joyous, for they bid you meet the 
noble company ol ( 'hrist's own people, and Him the Master of the Feast, Chief 
among ten thousand, the delight of every faithful heart. Surely, you will not 
fail to listen whenever they shall call you lo come unto the marriage supper 
of the Lamb. 

The sol/e/ Bells will syni])athize wilh soher thoughts that gather round 
the groups which at this Church l)ind the nuptial tie. 

The hopeful Bells will peal over the graves whilst we bring our <lead here 
to say the sliorl farewell, and when we liury them waiting for Ihe blessed 
Resurrection. 

I shall prolialil.\ have no later ojiport unity to press on your attention, 
young gentlemen, a h'sson of the (iosjiel iluring this term. I waul no l)etter 
and no other Ihan this theme. For. if you will read the record in the Book 
of Revelation of wliidi our text is |iarl, you will see that this ascri])tion of 
praise to the Redeemer was uttered liy representatives of the highest culture, 
the most finished education, the noblest minds, the grandest workers in the 
I'niverse. Surely this is an e.xample to he followed by men who rightly claim 
the honored name of students. Read over the history of Science, Literature, 
Arts, and Statesmanship. It is the history of the world as conducted under 
leadership which was distinidively and yirolessedly ('iirislian. If you are to 



340 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



join that company, if your names are to be entered on the bright catalogue of 
the Book of Life, you will not fail to be followers of Christ. One must under- 
stand by holy experience the blessedness of being able to ascribe his salvation 
to the "Lamb that was slain," if he expects to realize the completeness of 
spiritual education, or the eternal benedictions which follow a graduate in the 
school of Christ. 

And so our Lesson of the Bells is done. 




They will chime for us, taking their measure from our changing moods. 
They will accompany us with their pleasant tongues as we pass along the jour- 
ney. They will note the hours of our busy lives; and signalize the great events 
which unite us to this Christian College, and this dear old Church. They will 
tell the periods of our holj^ calling; and mark our growth in the life with 
Christ. They will accompany us to the grave side, and ring the melodies of 
Christian hope to cheer our departing spirits. But there we shall bid farewell 
to the voices of " iron " bells. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 341 



For, (111 (he oilier side, tlie silver Iruiiiiiels olllie lieuveiiiy S;uii-I uaiy. aii<l 
the golden liarps ol' angels round the tlirone, aceompany the new sonj? of ten 
thousand limes ten thousand, saying, wllli a hiud voice, " Worthy is the Lamb 
tii.it was slain to receive Power, and Riches, and VVisdoin, and Slicntith, and 
Honour, and Glory, and Blessing. Amen I 



The mollo of the chime is, " Woktiiy is the Lamis tii.vt was slain to 

KKCKIVK I'OWKK, AND RiOIIES, AND WiSDOM, ANIJ StKENUTII, AiNI) HoNOUK, AND 
(il.oKV, AMI i>M-;SSING. AmEN." 

I>i:i.i, N(i. 1. — Name, '' Worthy is the Lamb that was slain." /nsrrlptloii — 
•■In niciiiory of (Uiarlcs Morris McCook, killed in battle .Inly •-'1^1, IsOI. 
DkIcc et (levorurn est pro patria mori." 

Bell No. 2. — JVaine, ''To Receive I'owcr." Iiiscri/>li()ii — "In niciiKiry 
of James M. Hoyt and Mary N. Iloyt." 

Hkll No. 3. — Name, ''And Riches." litHcrlpI'mn — "J 11 mciimiy ol the 
Alumni III' Kcnyoii." On the reverse side — "In memory of (Jeorge S. Bene- 
dict and Henry (J. Winslow, class 1860." 

Bell No. 4. — Name, "And Wisdom." InHcnptloii — "In memory of 
.\dolph W. and Mary O. Alsop." 

Bkll No. 5. — Name, "And .SIrerigtIi." InHrriptiort — "In memory of 
•lames L Hoyt." 

Bell No. 6. — Name, "And Honour." luncriptifm, — "St. Paul's (Jliurdi, 
Cleveland, ()., Rev. N. S. Rulison, Rector." " Ring in the Christ that is to be." 

Bell No. 7. — Name, "And Glory." Inseription — "In memory of Rev. 
Allied Blake, D. D., Professor John Trimble, Professor Edward (). Ross, Pro- 
fessor Homer L. Thrall, M. D., Rev. Alexander F. Hobb. Rev. John T. Brooke, 
I). D., and Rev. S. A. Bron.son, I). IJ. 

Bell No. 8. — Name, ''And Blessing." Iiineription — "Jn memory of 
Helen I). French, Elizabeth Gautier, and Josiah II. Gautier." 

Bell No. 9. — Name, "Amen." Lmcription — "Peter Remsen .Strong, 
in memoriam." 

No. 1.— Weight, l,8'i4 lbs.; cost, !t!7;»«.70. Presented by Mrs. Martha Mc- 
Cook and Mr. John J. McCook. 

No. 2.— Weight, 1,259 lbs.; cost %'>\V.). Presented by Alfred .M. Hoyt, 
class 1849. 

No. ;i— Weight, 802 lbs.; cost. %\\?>S)h. Presented by the Alumni of 
Kenyon, and by Mrs. Benedict and .Mi>. Winslow. each -l! 100. 

No. 4.— Weight, 750 lbs.; cost, .i;:J28.;J0. Presented by Mr. and .Mrs. Alsop. 



342 KENYON COLLEGE. 



No. 5.— Weight, 454 lbs.; cost, $ 237.65. Presented by William H. Scott, 
class '49. 

No. 6.— Weight, 370 lbs.; cost, $186.20. Presented by Rev. N. S. Rulison. 

No. 7.— Weight, 258 lbs.; cost, $148.97. Presented by Many Friends. 

No. 8.— Weight, 229 lbs.; cost, $ 122.50. Presented by Robert S. French. 

No. 9.— Weight, 215 lbs.; cost, $110.25. Presented by the Rt. Rev. G. T. 
Bedell and Mrs. Bedell. 

The clock, which makes the appointments of the tower complete, is of the 
make of E. Howard it Co., pf Boston, and is the gift of Mr. Peter Ha.yden, of 
Ooliimbus, at a cost of $ 600. The chime attachment, costing $ 500, by which 
the bells ring the Cambridge chimes, four notes the first quarter, eight the 
second, twelve the third, and sixteen with the hour, struck by a fifty-pound 
hammer on the large bell, is tiie gift of citizens of Mt. A''ernon and (xambier. 



^ounbcrs' Day at (BamHer, \889 



We remember belbre God this day the Founders of these Institutions: 
Philander Chase, the first Bishop of Ohio, darum. et venerabile nome/i, whose 
foresight, zeal, unwearied patience, and indomitable energy, devised these 
foundations, and established them temporarily at AVorthington, but perma- 
nently at Gambler. He was the Founder, and did a great and lasting work ; 
Charles Pettit McDvaine, the second Bishop of Ohio, rightly known as the 
second Founder, whose decision of character and self-devoted labors saved the 
work at two distinct crises of difficulty; he builded Bexley Hall for the use of 
the Theological Seminary, Ascension Hall for the use of Kenyon College, 
Milnor Hall for the use of the Grammar School, and he completed Rosse 
Chapel on the foundations laid by Bishop Chase. 

A\^e remember before God this day pious and generous persons, contribu- 
tors, whose gifts enabled the Bishops ol' Ohio to lay these foundations, and 
who are thereJbre to be named among the Founders. 

Among the many, we name only a few, whose gifts are noticeable because 
of the inlluence of the donors or the largeness of their gifts. 

Henry Clay, whose introduction of Bishop Chase to the Admiral Lord 
Gambler, of England, initiated the success of the movement in 1823; the 
Archbishop of Canterbury ; the Lord Bishops of London, Durham, St. David's, 
Chester, and Litchfield; Lords Kenyon, Gambler, and Bexley; Sir Thomas 
Ackland; the Rev. Drs. Gaskin and Pratt; William Wilberforce, Henry 
Hoare, Tiniotiiy Wiggin, Geori^e W. Marriot, and Thomas Bates; the Dowager 



KENYON COLLEGE. 343 



(Jouiiless or Ilosse, wlio aiilcil lil,ciMll.v (lie Cli.ipcl svhicli aricrwiirds liorc licr 
iiMiiic; IlMiiniili More, who ,ilso 1jc(|iic;iI lied a Scliolarsliip wliicli bears her 
naiiic; and iiini-c ihaii hvc hinidn'il ol iicrs, wliose names are recorded in tlie 
Memorial |irc])ared \>y Ihe K'cv. Dr. liioiison al Ihe request of Ihe 'I'riistees. 

W'v reinciiil)er Ijelore (iod the lilicrality of Williain llofij;. Irom whom lliis 
doinaiii was piindiascd, tlic i;i-aiitoi' conl riliiil Iiil: one roiirlh of lis iiiarl<et 
\ aliic. 

In iS-iS, John (^nincv Adams. Hhmi ri-csi(hMil of the I'nilcd Stairs, .loim 
.lay, Ai-lhnr 'i'appan. Dudh'V Chase, and more than nine hnndi-cd olhrrs, 
whose names arc rccoi-di'd. 

'riu'sc wei-e tiic lirst lonndcrs of tiiese i nstitnl ions. 

.\nioni; Ihose who aideil |!isiio|) Mcillvaiue we mention hel'ore (iod lo day, 
in i'',n;iland licsides nicndiei-s of t he IJoyal I''amiiy, Daniel Wilson, liisliop of 
Calcnlla; Ihe IJishops ol' London, W'inrhesler. .Salishnry. and l.ilrhlicld : 
llcniy Koherls, Architecl ; Win. K. ( ihnlslone ; an Kirnj:rant Wcdl Wisher, a 
little hoy in Dorsetshire, and more than fonr hundred others wliose luimes are 
recordi'd. 

And in the Iniled .Slates, llishops While, I'lastl.urn, and Meade; ihc liev. 
Dis. Milnor, Muhleuher^, and Tymc Ihe IJev. Arcliibald M. Mori'isou, rdciti. 
Stnyvesant, (Charles lloyi, Charleys I). Hetls, Mrs. C. A. Sjjencer, .lolin D. 
Wolfe, .lames I'\ .She.ifi'. I)i-. .lolin .luhns, Erastus llnrr. Ilcnian Dnit. and 
more Ih.iirnini' hnndi'ed olhci's wiiose names ai'e iveoi-ded. 

And last the 1 'hil:inl hropisi , (leorn'e I'cahody, the friond of llishop 
Mcllv;iine, who, in token of that IViendship, fonndrd the rrolessoisliip thai 
hears his name. 

We mention hefore (iod this day, anions the men who have done most for 
Kenyon's upliuildin^, t hat ^real and good man, William Sjiarrow ; Mareus T. 
('. Wiiiii, than whom no one e\er toiled more wisely or more ahundanlly: 
■\lfred lilake. the nnsellish friend of everything good; Lf)rin Andrews devoted 
to ('(Incatimi. his count ry. and his (Jod; Robert S. l''rench, through .whose 
I'Iforts the clock and full si-l of nine bells were provided ; Mardenbro While. 
who laiiorcd lovingly for Gambier for many long years; Slierloek A. Bronson, 
whose |)alicnt continuance in wtdl doini:- will sni'ely win a rich reward; and 
Kli T. 'I'.appan. the cidlnred -chohii'. the ai-complisheil educatoi-. Ihe strong. 
bi'a\-e, I rue m.m. I he ( 'liri-t ian gent h'lnan, who, but a little more llianayeai' 
ago, enlereil Ihe icsl of Paradise. These must always be couid(;d among the 
best and most useful of Ihe Konudei's of these Institutions. 

'I'he third liishop of Ohio, with Ihe aid of Stewart lirown. Wni. II. .\spin- 
wall, Samuel D. liabcock. ami olliei- meudiers of the Church of the Ascension, 
in .New York, builded the ( 'hurcli of the Holy Spirit, tJiis beautiful House of 
I'raver in whi(di we gather to dav : Ihrouiih him, Mrs. Bowlei- founded the 



344 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



Professorship which bears the name of her liusband, R. B. Bowler, who, with 
Larz Anderson, Wm. Proctor, and others, founded the Mcllvaine Professor- 
ship ; Jay Cooke founded the Professorship which bears liis father's name ; 
Frank E. Richmond founded the Hoffman Library Fund ; Augustus H. Moss 
and M. M. Granger rendered most valuable aid ; Robert H. Ives and wife gave 
generously; Thomas H. Powers, Wm. Welsh, John Bohlen, and others in Phil- 
adelphia, completed the Bedell Professorsliip. By the same Bishop and liis 
wife the organ was placed in the Church, as a memorial of the second Bishop 
of the Diocese, and the Episcopal Chair, as a memorial of the great Founder. 
The loving devotion of Bishop and Mrs. Bedell has been most liberal and un- 
ceasing, and lias given them an unsurpassed place among the friends and 
Founders of these Institutions. Our thoughts go out towards them to-day in 
sympathy, in gratitude, in aifeetiou, and in fervent prayer. 

We mention with thanksgiving the more recent gifts obtained through the 
solicitations of the President of Kenyon College, from Dr. J. T. Hobbs, 
Rutherford B. Hayes, John Gardiner, Peter Hayden, H. S. Walbridge, Samuel 
L. Mather, Wm. J. Boardman, H. P. Baldwin, M. A. Hanna, John N. Lewis 
and wife, and others whose names are recorded. Through him, Mrs. Mary N. 
Bliss erected Hubbard Hall for the use of the Library ; Henry B. Curtis and 
John W. Andrews gave largelj' for Scliolarships, which from generation to 
generation will foster sound learning ; and Columbus Delano provided a fund 
for the use of the Observatory, and erected the hall which bears his honored 
name. We devoutly trust that all these gifts have gone up on as a memorial 
before God, and that their usefulness will go on increasing with the progress 
of the years, blessing alike the recipients, and the donors and their descend- 
ants. 

To these is now to be added our most recent gift of live thousand dollars 
from the late Charles T. Wing, the annual income of which is to be expended 
under the direction of the Trustees of Kenyon College, in beautifying his 
native village of Gambier. " in the planting of trees, turf, and shrubs, but not 
in grading or other work usually performed by the local authorities," and in 
caring for the graves of his dear parents, his brothers and sisters, who sleep 
well beneath the oaks of our College Park. 

THE CONGREGATION RISING, 

For all these generous gifts of the living, and for the memory of the dead, 
who were the Founders of these instutions, we give hearty thanks to God this 
day; ascribing the praise of their benefactions to His Almighty Grace, and 
the glory of His Most Holy name, who is the God of our Fathers and our God, 
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Gost, one Adorable Trinity for ever and 
ever. Amen. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 345 



^Recollections of (Early (Bambier Days 



HV RKV. CIIAKI.K.S KKWAltl) IiOIKII.ASS. 



II ('MKI'dN 'I'llKKACK, HUKilll'dN, I'Inhi.AM), Oclolicr I S, |S!M». 
Thr A'rr. \y. II. n.HlJnv, I). I).: 

\\V.\ . ANii DkarSiii — The rccciil iIimIIi in I,()ii(loii dl' llic Ivcv. V,. \V. Svlc, 
(iiic (if my did IViciiils III Kcnvon ( 'dllc;;c, i-ccmIIs Id iii\- tiiiuil \-diii- kiiiil Ictlcr, 
,111(1 my ihity to pi-d\iil<' .-in Miiswcr lo i(. IvlvvMr-il Williiim Sylc, whd wns 
;iri('i-\\.ii-(ls iii;ii-i'ic'il Id a sislci- dl' llciii-y Wiiilcr Davis, madi- ii|i uillr Davis, 
Killiii (a Ic'llow iuif;iisl)iiiaii), (iassaway, Moore, Horace Smilli. my lirdllicr, 
ami myscir, a little coterie that generally messed t()f;etlici', ami md almosl 
cvciy Monday eveniiifi, diiriii;;- my last summer, ls;{7, for so(Mal and literary 
rci'reatioii, at the house of the I'rol'essor of (_!hemistry. Those nalheriiifis were 
sometimes enlivened hy niadri};als, f^lees, and sounds, which Hyle, who was 
very musical, tan^ht lis, and constituted, in fad, a kind of '•salon" of which 
Mrs. l)acli(' was llic presiding f^eiiiiis. llcr house was nexl dii llic iiorlli Id 
what used In he callc(l {{osse Chapel, and li;;iires in one of my skclclics ol a 
latciMhile as "llic lidiisc we iiseil to serenade." Formyself I can nol Iml ;\\u\\ 
my ^;ra,te('iil ()lili;;al ions for llic rclinin/i' and socializiiif:; iiilliicncc ol' lliis lilllc 
" soiree," ill which Sy Ic dcciipicd a musl impdrlanl pdsilion. (iood Iv'cpidili- 
caiis tlidUfih wc were, Mrs. I>a(die was always lo us "Her Majcsly," ami Sylc, 
" I'rime .Minister." 

Syle and Killin, who were SophmoreH at the time, occupied rooms to;ielher 
at the east end of what was called "the 74," a great yellow wooden Iniildiiig, 
and so called either from the numher of its windows or from their thnn' tiers 
and llic ;;('neral "slab sided " look of the edifice. It was shortly afterwards, 1 
li(dic\c, dcsl roycil hy lire. Looking, the other day, amoufist some old letters of 
mine, 1 found a sketch of il, of which, though 1 cannot voiudi for its perfect 
accuracy, es])ecially in the mailer of I'liimneys, I send you a cojiy, as liivinj; a 
general idea of its appearance. The lo|) row of windows, that in the roof, 
lighted a gallery lined on eillier side with rooms, generally empty in my time. 
Here liiiiiLL llie rope liy wlii<di the (Iliapel hell in the turret on llie east, was 
rung. The ( 'ollege (Jhaj)el i I self was, in the early pari of Is:!"., on \W- lirsl tlrjor 
Just l)(dow, and had some raised steps outside to reach it. Of this also J have 
a sketch anil send a copy. The juilpit stands in the fore^'rouud and directly 
opposite just peeping over the inlervenili^r forms i^ the faculty hciicli. I cojiy 



346 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



for you another sketch which gives a nearer view of the latter. This bench 
became more than usually interesting to us who were not in the mystery, by 
its sudden disappearance on the night of February 24, 1835, and I am sorry to 
say that after the removal of the Chapel, which was made the same year, to 
the basement of Rosse Chapel, then approaching completion, the same fate was 



0->C>£'€r 




shared by the new faculty bench. There were some rough spirits amongst, us in 
those days, but I should imagine that these perpetrations came rather of sport 
than malice, and were due to the exuberance of young life i'eeling, perhaps, 
ratlier pent up in a place so solitary and out of the way as Gambler was at 
that time, and iinding no suificient vent for its legitimate exercise. Tiiis con- 
dition of things, no doubt, requires to be provided for, if possible, by the wise 




teacher; but the case in this instance was a diificult one. There was a time 
when the authorities felt obliged to enforce the surrender by us of all pistols 
and other arms. Uflbrd,, the best fellow in tlie world, acting as tutor, got into 
rough collision with one or two refractory students. But these were exceptions. 
There was, indeed, a strong religious feeling prevalent, especially in my last 
year, which made discipline easy. The danger then, became, in trutli, exces- 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



347 



sive asceticism. Temperance hail maii.v advocates. Voluntary prayer nieel- 
iiii^s were common. Sunday Sciioois in tiie neigiiborhood were oflicered by 
studeids. Kiliiu and I liad one together about three miles ott' on the nortii; 
and Syle practiced those missionary abilities wliicii lie afterwards e.\ercised so 
successiiilly in China and Ja])an. Only the best feeling, for the most part, 
existed in my time, towards I he anihorities, though there would be now and 
then an outbreak of natural and irre])ressible joyousness. A (lock of sheep 
one night, not without instigation, lundilcd into a freshmairs room through a 
window whose sill was near the ground Tnauthorized faculty meetings took 
place Ini- the benelit of the same class, and a Professor was sometimes aston- 
ished b.\ an early morning call of the victim with the statutes of the College 
duly comnutted to memory as ordered. A great log sometimes fell through 
(he well of the staircase in one of (he wings, on (o the threshold of a residenl 







tu(or, and then being haided up again by (he i-ope (o which it was attached 
escaped detection, and so on. (food, sound, healthful recreation, and plenty 
of it, is a remedy, in some degree, for sutdi performances which our (eac-hers 
were careful no( to investigate too narrowly. A\'hat those irregular energies 
are capalilc of when called into legitimate action is shown by (ha( wonilerfid 
lis( of the Alumni of Kcnynti who took part in the great ]»alrio1ic contlict of 
ls(il to Istin. 

'i'his leads me to sjieak ot' the iioblc and single hearted Lorin .\ndrews, 
one of yoni- predecessors in the rrcsidcncy, a \'olunteer, and a victim of the 
war t hough not in battle. 

When I went to America in iS5(), not even (he claims of laniily, not even 
a weilding invitation from a dear friend and i'elati\e, could keep me Irom ]i;iy 
iuga visit to "alma mater" when a fa x'orable. t hough too l)rief an opportunity 
arri\'ed. After a night at ('lexeland at llie liosjntal mansion of l)|-. ImjIIcs. 1 
found my w;iy to (iiunbier. Sldppdm lor a few minutes at Mt. \'ernon. which 
from a villai:e hail lieccjine a cil\'. to call on .1. S. Davis, I was di'iven ovei- 



348 KENYON COLLEGE. 



•• iho Hiv-ihop's baok bono " to (.iainbior. Kvory slop on tho hill a\vakono^l v^woot 
or touoliinii- nvonun-ios. Uoro was iho liouso wliioh wo "nsoil lo soronailo" as 
aforosaid. lloro was Kosso (.'liaiiol willi a iaruor i:Lra\ o>anl iliau o( o\d. in 
whioh was lying a dear littlo nopliow whom 1 hail novor soon. It was oasv to 
rooognizo tho Oollego — idoutioallv tho same buiUling whioh I had sketohoil lor 
tlio Oollego Ai\mial Report so many yoars bot'oio. Hnt it no h>ngor roso onl of 
a desolate wilderness of ohips and woodpiles. The features of a park had 
grown up around it. Whilst 1 was ooulomplating all this with intinilo intoresl. 
I was aooosted by one — evidently a ruling power — who seeing that I had tho 
appearanoe of .a stranger kindly oll'ored to siiow luo the building. Ho took mo 
into the Soeiety rooms, no longer hid in ilio basonioui whovo oi' old 1 had 
worked in brioks and mortar as one oi' a ooniniitioo ot' roiio\ ation, but olovatod 
in position and onlavgod in size. Ho showed mo the riiilomalhosiau Library, 
where 1 noiiood a well known edition ol' Shakespeare, and oould not help 
saying, ■■those books wore mine, bot'ore they wore yours." on whioh l.oriu 
Andrews. I'or it was ho, instantly doteoted mo. and in tho same broaih, 
insisted on n\y making his house my home dinging my stay. 

I shall never forget his kindness and the agreeable moments 1 spout 
amongst the members of his family. Oould I be otherwise than grateful when 
my kind entertainer took pains to express how muoh the College was indebted 
to my dear father, who was not. I found, so entirely before his age as 1 had 
supposed, in his desire to make the Oollego and its surrouudii\gs more eomely. 
As the result of my father's otVorts, the park, tho uinnorous vistas and m>\v 
approaehes, and other improvemeiUs wore pointed out with obvious ajiprooia 
tion. But 1 uolioed some losses, too, and as they oarry us baok agaiit to tho 
earlier period of twenty years before, whioh 1 have to illustrate, I will mention 
thent. Some tamiliar trees were gone, espeoially a grand old eliu whioh stood 
just where the road turns sharply to the mill; and again, a gigantio syeaniore. 
which used to stand with dilapidated upper branches outside the split rail 
fence by the river side, and near the pathway leading t(.> the bathing place. 
Like the "74. it had been the subject of one of my youthful drawings; and like 
the "74. as I wa« told, had succumbed to lire. Oaseu Cottage, so called, as Or. 
Caswell himself told me. iVom his own name combined with that ot' a man 
named Cusack. who occupied it with him. was a tradition even in my time; 
but I missed the hazel bushes that grew profusely in its vicinity. 

There was a path, too, a wood path, a littlo west ot' the present Seminary, 
which led down the hill to (.irimcs's iJrovo, as it was ealled. consisting of 
maples. In that grove, now. alas, utterly swept away, we used to celebrate 
the Fourth ot' July. I roiuembor a notable occasion when Kollin Hiird was 
the orator. Further on, between some trees on a kind ot' island in the rivtu-, 1 
found a seat which 1 had never seen before, and had onlv heard oi in conuec- 



KKNVON COLNKCK. 



.•!]!> 



I'l'ii Willi IIk' niinics dl' riiy sislcr-. iliil In rrhim lo llir wimmI |i:iI|i — it wiiH 

no Idll-rr the |,l.';is;uil solitude lli^il il IkkI li.'Oii, liiiMliL: liiwn iii\,i(|c(| \,y Iwo 
lo;; liiiK wil II I h<'ir ^:ii-ilciis. 

I ll'ioil li:inl lo rcco^iiii/c, ill soilio ili'i-.'iyrd Ir.-itj iiiciiK, I lie hi-l iiMiiiiilis of 
;i IVoshly liilloii trunk on w liirli (Jmsmiwiiv iiinl I -;il one Siimhiy, t;ilkiii;j nvcr 
llic most scriciis tllin-s tli;it r;i|i (,cc'i||,y llio tli<illijlll-- (if inoii, Mini to whicli iiiw 
li'':o-t IiikI lie. mi only I'occiit I \ ;i\\ iikonnl. It \\;is then that lie wns iii.-ikiiiir ii|i 
lii-- iniiHl lo enter llie s.ieriMl iiiiiiistry, in \\ Iiom' r;iiik^ lie iiltervMii'iK -m, I'nitli 
riill.\' served. 

•'lie little feiitlire ol tile trees I WHS |)leMsei| to rei'ouni/e )ls II ncll.'l ni^eij 
wlieli I re \isiteil my old room in the e:ist win-. Tin- room u;is im ||||. nci-lh 
cMst corner of the seecnd lloor. It U';is theiv lli;it the l'liiloin;ithe.-i;iii l,il,rary 
u;is kept when I wjis Lil)|-ii|-i;iii. I li;id ;i >^n-,i\ ;iireelii,ii |i,r my mom. Cnder 
Ihe :ili|e ;id\ire of Messrs. I'.hdse iilid l;;idlier I li:id |);iilite<l, |i;i |)iTed. ;iiid 
K<'iier;dly deeoiMted it in my liisl sprin:; holidiiy. In |is:,(;, wdien I s;nv il 
M^^iiin, I r;illier sur|irised the kind <ierii|i;inl - li\- e\ |d;iinin;j Ihe meMiiiii^' of ji 
round li(de s|i|l rciiijiininji wliieli I li;id eiil in the door of ;i idoset. It w;is to 
hold some lenses wliicii sei'\cd lo ie|iresenl on llieihirkened w;dl within, ii 
"i':inier;i ol>sciir:i " ini;i;;e of the opposite window ;ind the forr^st sccn<' il 
looked upon. TIimI srene renniined iin;dterei|, '{'here wci'e the s;inie tall trcc^ 
whose inlerlacin;;: liranehes hore the e\arl resemlilanre of a 'iolhic window, 
and whose reapiiearaiii-e on the idosel wall used to asttmish the inexperienced. 

I know how trees vanish. I was myscdl the witness of I he desi lanM ion of 
many i^reat trees on that hillside in a hurricane, when lilllc rcylon Middlcloii 
anion;;s( a ;.;roiip of Milnor llall hoy- was -Inn k down hy ft Ciillinn liriuidi Jtfid 
jiol his lc<; lirokcn. And the "idcariny'" process is even irion^ H!iva(i(^ iind 
iirispiifitit; tlian the ''cyclone." I'nt my cal liedral window of I'oiiap' wasllii'ff 
Ktiii. I wonder whether il is Ihere now :■ 

I wisli I conid tell yon moie ahont that <hdi:.:htliil visit wlii(di de.'p<'iie<i 
III my mind the memory ni' earlier limes. I oii;.;lit to mention the name- of 

maii,\' iVoiii whom I received kindiii l>r. Scdienck. for in-laii<'i-. .Mr. )!lake. 

also, who occupied Ihe residence which had once lieen Ihe I!i-llop'-. lie 
|-emindei| me of how theslndent had woi'ked to s;i\c that Iniir-e from lire in 
the severe winter of iH^it'i. and how, al'ler a des|)e|-ale -tiai;.'L:h' and linal vie 
lory, some of llio-e left lo uiiaid il from a further oiitlu-eak. thonf:hl it not 
wroiiL' in their niter e.\ hair-l i(iii to parlale of a recned l.otlleof wine wliicli 
iinfoii nnalely forlliein Inrned out lo he ant imonial ! \orniii-t I foi-^cl {''rank 
II. lliird, who so kindly ai'ioni panied me in -c.nie id' mv mi-morial walks, and 
hitiiscdf vividly recalled lli(; ineiiiory of his I'al her, already rrienl ioiied. and of 
Frank [Iiiiit, of Konliicky, of a Hlill earlier date, at1(;r wlioin lie was liiin.Melf 
named. 



350 " KENYON COLLEGE. 



There is much that I might add about that primitive time. Can I forget 
the teachings to which I owe so much, and especially the lectures of Dr. 
Sparrow ? If with easy preparation I floored an analogy paper at Cambridge, 
Dr. Sparrow was the reason of it. 

My heart lingered around the hill, and I co\dd not leave it without mak- 
ing many sketches of its loved haunts. That visit was about the nearest 
approach to an entrance into Fairy land that I can imagine, and those draw- 
ings, rude as they are, help to gratify an inclination wliich grows upon me 
with age to retrace in fancy scenes which were the turning point in a very 
chequered life. And so, too, I have always valued everything that coidd tell 
me from time to time how Kenyon was getting on. Common sorrow for the 
great intestine strife led me to sympathize with the visit of Bishop Mcllvaine 
to this country, and had drawn us together again. Not many months beibre he 
died, he called upon me in Brighton. He carried me back to my boyish days 
at West Point, and the times of Cadet Polk, afterwards the Prelate-General : 
but it was on Gambler that our talk chiefly rested. At a later day, when your 
present excellent Bishoj), a fellow student of mine, I believe, at Flushing, 
under Dr. Muhlenberg, was in England on Pan-Anglican business, the absorls- 
ing nature of his occupation prevented liim from being able to receive my 
visit, when perhaps I should have heard more recent news, and I greatly 
regretted the loss. 

Be assured, my dear sir, that whatever can further instrucl me as to the 
fortunes of the place will have the liighest interest to me. 

With kind regards and thanks, I remain. 



Ever truly yours, 

C. E. DOUGLASS. 



The sketch of Kenyon (College which occupies the following nineteen 
pages, was originally written tor Scribner's Monthly, now the Century Maga- 
zine, and appeared therein in March, 1878. The sketch was afterward some- 
what enlarged, and printed separately in a Kenyon pamphlet. It is here 
reproduced because of the original wo6d cut illustrations, which were the best 
of their kind, and because, as a connected sketch, it contains some material 
which is not found elsewhere in this book. It certainly emphasizes General 
Sherman's declaration that " Kenyon College is beautifully located, and has 
for fil'ty j^ears had the highest possible reputation." 



KENYON COLLEGE. 




ni:ar k ion yon college. 



Tllio traveler in Ceiitnil (.)hiii, joiirneyinir l>y the uew railmad IVoii; < '(iiumliu?i to 
Cloveliuid, hy way of Mount Vernon, finils himself, tor several miles of his course, 

skirting the hanks of a sparklinj: stream, to which the old Indians i;ave the eu))i ions 

name "Kokosing." The vallev throutdi which the river flows is a charmiiij: (Jiie, and 
the riile delightful, for new l)eautics greet the eye at alnicst every turn, and rocks 
and hills and venerable woods utter together their voice of praise. At oiu' (if the 
sudden turn:* of this winding stream, a few miles beyond Mt. Vernon, ujwu a hill 
beautiful for situation, rises the village of Gandiier, the seat of Kenyon College. 



' Kokosing ! loveliest strf;uiilct of tlu- West, 
Where nature stnnds in l)c;uite(iiis garments drest, 
How oft along thy winding banks I've strayed. 
Enchanted hy the .sontc thy mnrmurings made. 
Thy sloping sIkh-cs :iiv decked with verdant meads, 
And proud, majestic liills that lift their heads 
With foliage and waving forests crowned; 
Here Nature sits enlliidned, while all around, 
Above, below, presents a charming view. 
Lovely as Eden, glittering with the dew 
Beneath a morning sun." 



352 KENTON COLLEGE. 



Half a century ago there was probably no institution of learning in our land more 
talked about than Kenyon College, for it was one of the first literary ventures of 
the West, and its needs and expectations were heralded far and near. There is a 
certain charm about infancy which we do not recognize in manhood. This, doubt- 
less, is one of the reasons why Kenyon has recently occupied a less prominent place 
before the public than in her early days. Besides, her development has not altogether 
been in the line anticipated. She has failed where success was dreamed of; she has 
won honor in ways that were not contemplated. 

The corner-stone of Kenyon College was laid in the month of June, 1827, so that 
Gambler has but just begun her second half century of earnest life. By a happy 
coincidence, the fiftieth year marked the elevation of one of Kenyon's sons to the 
Presidency of the United States. One of the trustees of Kenyon College, Hon. Mor- 
rison R. Waite, is now the highest judicial officer of the country. Kenyon's sons> 
also, are to be found in the halls of Congress, so that she has links binding her to 
every department of the government — legislative, judicial, executive. 

The list of the alumni of Kenyon has already grown to fair proportions. From the 
beginning her standard has been high, and many of those who have studied in Gambler 
have left before completing the course ; but five hundred have been graduated. A large 
number of Kenyon's sons have become men of mark in Church and State, and five of them 
have attained to a wide national reputation. Henry AVinter Davis, that "prince of par- 
liamentary orators," in his early days practiced economy and wrought with brain and 
muscle at Kenyon. Edwin M. Stanton, the great War Secretary, came in the spring-time 
of his life to Gambler. His college experience proved to be a turning-point, so that after- 
ward he was accustomed to say : " If I am anything, I owe it to Kenyon College." David 
Davis, late Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, since Senator from Illinois, 
w^as an associate of Stanton in college days. Stanley Matthews, also, an eminent 
lawyer of Cincinnati, who won great distinction by his arguments before the Elec- 
toral Commission, and who has just retired from the Senate of the United States, 
was at Kenyon a friend and companion of President Hayes. Not unnaturally Kenyon 
is proud of her alumni roll. 

The founder of Kenyon College was Philander Chase, the first Bishop of the Protest- 
ant Episcopal Church in Ohio. A friend writes thus concerning him : 

"In height he was six feet and over; the span of his chest was nearly, if not quite, 
equal to his height, and with that noble trunk his limbs were in fuU and admirable pro- 
portion. In a crowd his giant figure, in front or back, excited, wherever he moved, uni- 
versal attention. Large and heavy in stature as he was, he was remarkably light and 
graceful in his movements, and when not rufiled with opposition or displeasure, exceedingly 
agreeable, polished, and finished in his manner. Toward those who betrayed hauteur in 
their deportment with him, or whom he suspected as actuated by such a spirit, or who pos- 
itively differed with him as to his policy, and especially toward those whom he looked upon 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



353 





DAVllJ DAVIS 



EDWIN M. STANTON. 





IIKNUV WIXTEK DAVIS. 



STANLEY MATTHEWS. 



as his enemies, he Avas generally distant and overbearing, and sometimes, when offended, 
perhaps morose. In his bearing toward them his noble countenance was always heavy and 
lowering, and his deportment frigid and unmi.stakably repulsive ; but in his general inter- 
course, and always with his particular and intimate friends, his address and social qualities 
were polished, delightful, and captivating; his countenance was sunlight, his manner warm 
iind genial as balmy May, and his deportment Avinning to a degree rare among even 
remarkably commanding and popular men." 

Bishop Chase came of a sturdy New England stock. He was born in Cornish, New 
llunipshire, where he spent the days of his youth. When manhood came, however, he 
could not content himself with such quiet and settled surroundings, for, of him, as after- 
ward of his nephew, the Secretary, ambition was a most marked characteristic. He was 



354 KENYON COLLEGE. 



first a missionary in Western New York, and then he was stationed in Poughkeepsie, but 
soon afterward removed to New Orleans. He was the first Protestant minister in the State 
of Louisiana. After five years of hard and successful labor, he removed again to the 
North, and for six years was a minister in Hartford, Conn. But Philander Chase was a 
man too restless, too ambitious, too great, to remain long contented in any quiet and 
peaceful nook. He craved the contests and the storms of life. So, early in the spring 
of the year 1817, resolved "not to build upon another man's foundations," he started 
for what was then the far West — the newly admitted State of Ohio. He was consecrated 
Bishop in February, 1819. 

He began his work with rare earnestness. No pecuniary support had been provided. 
Indeed, for several years all that he received for his public ministrations was not enough 
to pay his po.stage ; so, to gain his daily bread, he had to become a tiller of the soil. 

He soon became convinced that he must have assistance in his work. In four years 
his list of three clergymen had grown to six, but what could six men do in so vast a field? 
Moreover, he became convinced that for western work the best laborers were western 
men, more accustomed than others to the hardships of the new civilization, and more 
likely to be contented with the labor and its returns. So his mind began to be filled 
with a dream of a "school of the prophets," which, before long, took definite shape in 
his mind. Happily, the Bishop's son suggested that favorable mention had been made 
in a prominent English journal of the new missionary work in far-off Ohio. The Bishop 
immediately determined that the ocean must be crossed, and the mother church asked to 
help. He first appointed his son for this service ; but his son's failing health required a 
journey to a southern clime, so the resolute Bishop determined to go himself. 

At once he made his plans known to his brethren. Some of them approved, whilst 
others disapproved, and one went so far as to violently oppose him. 

Bishop White, the father of the American Church, made objection firmly, but gently, 
as was consistent with his saintly character. He thought it undesirable that application 
should be made to a foreign source for aid, because of the probable efliect upon the church 
at home. "What countenance," it was said, "will be given to the odium, which some would 
fain cast upon our church, as in a state of dependence on another church, incorporated 
with a foreign state." The lessening of the respectability of the church was also insisted 
upon ; the American church should not stoop to be a suppliant for others' bounty. 

Bishop Chase, however, was resolute. He thought he knew the needs of his own field 
of labor, and determined to provide for them as best he could. 

He bade his son good-bye in New York, the last good-bye he was ever to say to him. 
His son, he knew, was appointed to die, and it would have been a privilege to minister 
to him in his last moments. The claims of nature, however, must yield to the higher 
claims of God's cause on earth. The parting was sad and heroic. 

A month upon the ocean followed, for those were days when steamships were un- 
known. From Liverpool, Bishop Chase went to Manchester, and so on to- London. 

( 



KEN YON COLLEOE. 



355 



He met at once with a most formidable obstacle iu th(! opposition of tiic Bishop of 
New York. He wa.s publicly attacked iu the Britkh Critir, and for months his hands 
were tied ; he could do nothing. 

But after awhile the tide turned. It so happened that the British Parliament was 
then divided on the question of the emancipation of the West India slaves. The subject 
was being everywhere discussed with intense feeling. As a consequence, any one who 
was known to have made sacrifices for the negro was sure to find friends. 

Wilberforce's particular friend, Butterworth, who was al.so a member of Parliament, 
lived near to the house where Bi.shop Chase had taken lodgings. One day a Dr. Dow, 
from New Orleans, called on Mr. Butterworth, when, in the course of conversation, 
something like this was said : 

"So vou are from America, Dr. Dow! Were you acquainted with BishopCha.se?" 
"Yes; he was my pastor in New Orleans, and I his physician an^l friend." 
"Tell me about him ; there must be .something singular in him, or he would not be 
neglected as he is in England." 



^^^ 




BISHOP CHASES LOG HtlT. 
THE FIRST " EPISCOPAL PALACE " OF OHIO. 



" Singular I I never knew anything .sin- 
gular in him but his emancipating his j-el- 
low slave, and that, I should suppose, would 
not injure hirn here iu England." 

The story was then told of this emanci- 
pation. A negro named Jack had belonged 
to Philander Chase while he was living iu 
New Orleans. Jack absconded. Years after- 
wards, when Philander Chase had become 
Bishop of Ohio, Jack was caught and put in 
prison, where he was kept, awaiting an 
order from his master for his sale. Bishop 
Chase thought the matter over, and wrote his southern friends to let Jack go free. 

The story made Butterworth Bishop Cha.se's friend. He invited him to his house, 
introduced him to great and good men, and soon the Ohio cause grew and waxed strong. 
Subscriptions were received from hundreds of sources. There was a genuine, almost an 
enthusiastic, outflow of British Iteneficence. Wealthy friends were gathered, and the 
pioneer BLshop was the hero of the hour, delighting all with his thrilling sketches of 
frontier hardships, and with his glowing prophecies of magnificent triumphs sure to 
be achieved. Lord Gambler helped him greatly, Lord Kenyon, also, and Sir Thomas 
Ackland, and Lady Rosse, and Hannah Moore. The total result of this first appeal 
was more than five thousand pounds. 

The largest single donor wa.s Lady Rosse. We give the story of the way iu which 
Bishop Cha.-'e became acquainted with her, inasmuch as it .»hows very clearly how mys- 
teriously the links of the chain of life are bound together by the good providence of God. 



35ii KE^^YON COLLEGE. 



Iq the winter of 1819-20 Bishop Chase had a letter from his friend, Dr. Jarvis, of 
Boston, making inquiry as to the manner of his support. The letter came at a time when 
the good Bishop's burdens were more than ordinarilj^ heavy. He was caring as well as 
he could for the scattered sheep of Christ ; besides, he was providing for his family by his 
own manual labor. He had no money to hire others ; he was, therefore, obliged to haul 
and cut his own wood, to make his own fires, and to feed his own domestic animals. 

Bishop Chase replied to Dr. Jarvis's letter frankly, drawing an accurate picture of a 
frontier Bishop's life. The letter thus written, upon bad paper, with bad ink, and with 
fingers stiffened by labor, was sent by Dr. Jarvis to a Scottish Bishop, who was desirous 
to know something about western life and work. The thought of this letter had entirely 
faded from Bishop Chase's mind. Judge therefore of his surprise, when it was shown to 
him one day in London, and he learned that, in consequence of it, a bequest of monc\' 
had been made to him by an English citizen. Nor was this all. The Scotch Bishop's 
daughter became his friend, told his story to Lady Eosse, secured her interest, and gained 
thereby for his cause some thousands of dollars. 

Bishop Chase returned to his home a poor rich man. For those days, in Ohio, thirty 
thousand dollars was a very large sum of money, and so, doubtless, Bishop Chase would 
have considered it when he started to go abroad. Meanwhile, however, his ideas had 
grown. At one time a theological school would have contented him ; but now larger and 
more dazzling ideas took possession of his brain. 

His school was first established upon his farm near Worthington, where before, he 
had taught, amongst others, his nephew, afterwards Chief-Justice Salmon P. Chase. 
This, however, was but a temporary arrangement. A permanent h.icatiou had to be 
selected. 

About this time Bishop Chase's attention was called to a tract of land, consisting of 
eight thousand acres, in Knox county. He at once came to Mount Vernon, the county 
seat, upon a tour of observation, rode with friends across the country, and followed for a 
while the valley of the Kokosing,- until he came to the hill where the college at present 
stands. It was suggested that, possibly, at the top of this hill there might be found a 
good site for building. The general reply was, "No." The Bishop said, "Let us see." 
He scrambled up the hill-side with a single companion, Henry B. Curtis, Esq. Once at 
the top, he climbed upon a fallen log, and as his eye stretched hither and thither, taking 
in the splendid sweep of the country round about, he exclaimed with satisfaction, " This 
will do." In that instant the location of the new institution was practically fixed. 

The assent of the Diocesan- Convention had to be secured. It was not certain tiiat 
this could easily be done, for there was hardly a town in the State that had not fixed its 
covetous eye upon the infant college. More than seven cities contended for the boon, 
not one of which carried ofi" the prize, for Bishop Chase was a man of will, and his will 
was that the school should be located in the country. "Put your seminary," said he, 
"on your own domain; be owners of the soil on which you dwell, and let the tenure of 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



357 




UISHOP CHASE AND WIFE. 

pvcrv least' and deed depend on the express condition that nothing detrimental to the 
morals and studies of youth be allowed on the jjreniise.s." 

A still broader <|uestiou, also, must needs be settled. What should be the nature of 
the new institution ? Should it be simply a .school for the education of clergymen? or 
should it open its doors to all classes of citizens? Some said, " have nothing but a theolog- 
ical seminary." Mr. Charles Hammond, a trustee, and a very influential citizen of Ohio, 
said this most earnestly, and indeed went so far as to prepare and carry through the Leg- 
islature a bill for the incorporation of " The Theological Seminary of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church in the Dioce.se of Ohio," and .so fixed the legal title of the new 
institution. 

l')Ut ])ishiip Chase was equally strenuous tlie other way. His first thought had been 
to pi-ovide ministers for the waste places of the church — his second and greater thouglit 
now was " t(j be of service to his country, without regard to denomination in religion.'' 
" But two courses," said he, in his address before the convention, "are before us — either 
to confine our .seminary to theological candidates only ; or, if we receive students in gen- 



358 KENYON COLLEaE. 



eral science, to lay a foundation sufficiently strong and large to sustain the magnitude or 
the college, which must be reared to do those students justice. In the former case, noth- 
ing more is necessaiy than to turn your attention to the deed of gift of my own estate in 
Worthiugton. In the latter case, the only thing presented worthy of your attention is 
the proposed lands in Knox county. Here is a foundation on which to erect an edifice 
worthy of the kind expectations of our esteemed benefactors. On this we can build, and 
expect the further assistance of a sympathizing world. On this we can build, and justly 
expect the patronage of our civil government. Anything less than this would be lo 
deo-rade, not to imjDrove, our present blessings. There will be no college for all professions 
if the Knox county plan fail. No otlier can give any adequate encouragement." 

A most favorable report was received from the committee of the convention to 
whom this matter was referred, declaring that "the lands in Knox County afforded 
an eligible site for the seminary and college, and combined advantages of greater mag^ 
nitude than any offer that had been made." So it was decided that the Theological 
Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio, and Kenyon College, should be forever established 
upon these lands, and the broad plan was adopted of laboring to build up, 'not only a 
school of theology, but a college as well. The English funds were to be appropriated 
sacredly to the purpose for which they were given. The college endowment, it was 
hoped, might, in some other way, be secured. 

This choice of a location amid well-nigh untrodden forests involved, as a matter 
of course, heavy sacrifices and large outlays of labor. It was necessary to begin with 
the very elements of civilization. Workmen must be gathered, land made ready for 
tilling, crops raised and harvested, and cabins built for shelter. In fiict, for some 
years, farming, milling, and merchandising were carried on in the name of college, 
and the institution came to be possessed of a store, a hotel, a printing-office, a saw- 
mill, a grist-mill, a carpenter and a shoemaker's shop, with houses for the miller, the 
dairymen, and the workmen to dwell in. So ere long the funds contributed by English 
friends were spent, and the resources of the pioneer Bishop were quite exhausted. 

It was needful, therefore, to make additional appeals for aid, and very naturally 
the "public crib" was thought of as a ready source of succor. So in December, 
A. D. 1827, Bishop Chase went to Columbus, addressed the Legislature, and received 
from that body an indorsement of an appeal to Congress for a donation from the 
public lands. Soon after a biU was introduced into the U. S. Senate making a grant 
of a township of land. The bill was advocated by prominent Senators (among others, 
by Thomas H. Benton and William Henry Harrison), and passed, but in the House 
of Eepresentatives party spirit was roaring like a flood, and drowned the voice of 
the infant college. The bill failed in committee, and, amid the rush of other business, 
was pushed aside. 

The good Bishop was keenly disappointed, but not in despair. Kenewed effort was 
his refuge. So at once he scattered broadcast a public appeal entitled "The Star in 
the West, or Kenyon College in the year of our Lord 1828." 



KENYON COLLEGE. 359 



"Never l)ef'ore," lie wrote, "on any other i)lan have the expenses of a public 
education been brought within the compass of seventy dollars a year; never before 
has the light of science beamed thus on the cottages of the poor. Who, then, would 
not give his mite to expedite the completion of a college erected in the woods at 
great personal sacrifice, and for such benevolent purposes ? A small sum only is asked 
of every friend, of every name and class. In this way numbers will make amends 
for deficiency in quantity, and in this way tlie wound occasioned by the late disap- 
pointment in Congress will be healed by the hand of individual beneficence. In this 
way the commenced buildings may be finished, and the great work accomplished. 
Whoever reads this is, therefore, most respectfully and earnestly entreated immediately 
to enclose one uollar, in aid of the present struggles of Kenyon College, in a letter 
addressed to 

"P. Chasi;, r. M., Gambiek, Ohio." 

This method of begging has since had ample following, but then it had the charm 
of novelty, and so succeeded. The dollars, it is said, came to Gambler as the leaves 
ftill in autumn. Larger subscriptions were not neglected. John Quincy Adams, then ^ 
President of the United States, gave a hundred dollars. "Kenyon Circles" were 
formed in towns near and distant, and thou.sands of ladies were busy sewing for 
Kenyon College. In all, some twenty-five thousand dollars were received through this 
appeal. 

Meanwhile a goodly number of students had assembled at Gambler, and the work 
(A the college went bravely on. Bishop Chase nominally occupied the office of Presi- 
dent. He really filled most> efficiently the post of general manager and superintendent. 
Every morning the "head men" had to be directed by him as to their daily work; 
every evening they were gathered to give accounts of labor. There was the tilling of 
the thousands of broad acres to be looked after, the quarrying of stone, the erection 
of buildings, the industries of the village, and all this in addition to the wants, 
bodily, mental, and spiritual, of the student community. Besides, there was the keep- 
ing of detailed accounts, and the maintenance of a most extensive correspondence. 
The burden was altogether a very heavy one; but Bishop Chase's bror.d shoulders 
were well fitted to bear it, particularly as he had a most efficient helpmate in his 
noble wife. "Mrs. Chase entered with her whole soul into her husband's jjlans. She 
was a lady perfectly at home in all the arts and minutia; of housewifery ; as happy in 
darning stockings for the boys, as in entertaining her visitors in the parlor, in m:iking 
a bargain with a farmer in his rough boots and hunting blouse, as in completing a 
purchase from an intelligent and accomplished merchant, and as perfectly r.t home in 
doing business with the world about her, and in keeping the multifarious accounts of 
her increa.sing household, as in presiding at her dinner table, or dispensing courtesy in 
her drawing-room." 



360 



KENTOiSr COLLEQ-E. 



Through Ler efficiency and wisdom, and her husband's untiring and marvelous 
activity, Kenyon's affairs were for a time prosiserous. A corps of able professors was 
gatkered; there were more students than could be well accommodated, while the build- 
ing known as Old Kenyon, with walls four feet in thickness, rose solidly as though it 
were intended to stand forever. 

The salaries paid to the professors were, all things considered, quite ample, for the 
purchasing power of money in Ohio then was very great. 

The President received $800 per annum, and each professor $500; but stop! the 
story is not told. In addition the professors were supplied from the farms with every- 
thing they needed to sustain life, groceries only being excepted. The larger the 
family, therefore, the larger was the pay in butter, eggs, and meat, in flour, milk, and 
corn, in lights and firewood. One can not help wondering, nowadays, how they man- 




OLD KENYOX. 



aged all this — whether once in a while some one did not get the cream, and some one 
else the skim-milk, and whether everything was lovely in consequence. 

What a wonderful college Kenyon was in those early days! How multifarious its 
interests and possessions ! 

The college not only farmed a large landed estate, and kept a hotel, and shops, 
mills, and stores ; it boarded, also, its entire family of professors and students. One 
looks curiously to-day at its inventory of goods — pots, pans, pails, tubs, saucers, spoons, 
white dimity bed-curtains, mixed all up with oxen, cows, and vinegar. Then what 
could have been the need of "trundle-beds?" Possibly to pmt to sleep some home- 
sick freshman. 

The charge for board, tuition, room-rent, lights, and fuel varied from $50 to $70 
per annum. Perhaps it is not to be wondered at that the provender afforded should 
have come in for its share of adverse criticism. An early college publication adver- 



I 



KENYON" COLLEO-E. ;>(jl 



tises, "Cash will he giveu at the seminary store for hats and old shoes suitable for 
making coffee ;" it also chronicles an "Awful Catastrophe — Died very suddenly, on 
Wednesday last, seventeen interesting hogs, of sore throat, endeared to the students hy 
their unassuming manners, gentlemanly deportment, and a life devoted to the pulilic 
service. The fuueral of each of them will be attended every day until the enil, in 
tlie (lining-hall. " 

Those were the days when discipline was somewhat stern. We read of a sopho- 
more who was commanded to the room of a professor, and severely beaten with a 
rod. For the first time in his life a Mississippi freshman received bodily chastisement, 
and even Dr. Sparrow, the Vice-President, took care to see that it was well laid on. 

Nor was Bishop Chase's course in Gambler all smooth sailing. Difficulties appeared 
which grew to great proportions. " Kenyon College," he wrote at the time, "is like 
other colleges in .some respects, ,and unlike all in many other respects. Tim funda- 
mental principle in which it differs from all others is, that the whole institution is 
patriarchal. Like Abraham on the plains of Mamre, it hath pitched its tent under 
the trees of Gambler hill, it hath its flocks and its herds, and its different families of 
teachers, scholars, mechanics, and laborers, all united under one head, pursuing one 
common interest, and receiving their maintenance and food from one common source, 
the funds and farms of the college." The picture, it must be confe.s.sed, is not without 
its beauties, though the coloring is certainly more occidental than oriental. Accurately 
drawn, it would have shown western workmen ready to cry, " indej)endence," a west- 
ern faculty to question the limits of authority, and western Young America to cheer 
them on. Pecuniary troubles added to the embarrassments of the situation. So on 
the ninth of September, 1831, Bishop Chase resigned the presidency of the college and 
the episcopate of Ohio. The next day he mounted " Cincinnatus," and rode sorrow- 
fully away, and Gambler saw his face no more. He was afterward elected Bishop of 
Illinois, :in<l died at "Robin's Nest," where he had founded Jubilee College. 

In the language of one well qualified to judge with accuracy, "thus closes the 
record of Bishop Chase's labors in founding a theological seminary and college. He 
probably had no superior in all the qualities necessary to originate such an institution. 
The versatility of his manners was such that he could adapt himself readily to any 
condition of society. Whether he were in the log-cabin of Ohio, where the whole 
family slept, ate, cooked, received guests and lodged them in the same apartment, or 
in the magnificent halls of Lord Kenyon, surrounded with the refinement of the old 
worM, Bishop Chase was equally at home, and capable of winning golden opinions. 
Add to this an energy that never flagged, a will that never succumbed, and a physical 
system that never tired, and we have such a character as is seldom produced, but 
which- was jirecisely adapted to the great work that he accomplished. Bishop Chase 
was equally remarkable for industry and endurance. Daylight seldom found him in 
bed, and he seemed as fond of working or traveling in the rain as though w^ater were 



362 



KEISTYON COLLEaE. 



his native element. He would preach at Perry (fifteen miles from Gambler), and as 
soon as daylight peeped in the east on Monday morning, take his bridle himself, go to 
the field, catch " Cincinnatus," mount and be off to set his head men at work in 
Gambler. Bishop Chase began a work for the Church in Ohio, and ia truth for the 
whole West, such as no other man then living would have attempted, or probably 
could have accomplished." 

What the subsequent history of Kenyon College might have been, had Bishop 
Chase remained at its head, it is idle to speculate and vain to surmise. In laying its 
foundations his great work was done. A lawyer of Ohio was wont to say concerning 
him that he was an almighty man. Nor did the countryman come very wide of the 




KOKOSING, THK HOME OF BISHOP BEDELL. 



mark, who, when meeting him one day, called him "General." "I am not General," 
was the somewhat curt reply. "I beg pardon; I mean Judge." "I am not Judge." 
"Well, then. Bishop." "Why do you call me Bishop? How do you know that I am 
a Bishop?" "Well, I knowed," said the man of homespun sense, " that whatever you 
(vas, you was at the top." The countryman was right. Philander Chase was not only 
a lover of men, but a leader of men ; now gentle as a child, most sweet and winning ; 
now, again, imperious, invincible. All honor to his memory ! 

Kenyon's second President was Charles Pettit Mcll value, D. D., D. C. L. (Oxon.), 
who came to Gambler at the early age of thirty-three. Born in the same year in 
which George Washington died, he bore a close resemblance to the Father of his 
Country, both in appearance and character. He looked a king among men,; he was 
great, also, as a thinker and an orator. He had already filled the office of chaplain 
at West Point, and had won renown - in the great centers of Washington and New York. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



363 



Such a man, coming to Gambier, could not but be warmly welcomed. He .saw at 
once, moreover, the importance of the institutions, and girded himself to labor in 
their behalf. New buildings were much needed. Besides, there was an accumulation 
of debt. Bishop Mcllvaine, therefore, before establishing himself in Ohio, solicited 
aid, chiefly in Eastern cities, and received in all nearly 830,000, the larger part of 
which was contributed by friends in Brooklyn and Xew York. This was done in the 
year 1833. Without the help thus opportunely given by the new Bishop, Kcnyou 
must have perished, the trustees having determined that it was impossible for them, 
as things were, to carry on the college. 

The first by-law passed under Bishop Mcllvaine's administration is characteristic : 
"It shall be the duty of every student of the college and grammar-school, on meeting 
or passing the President, Vice-President, any professor, or other officer of the insti- 
tution, to salute him or them by touching the hat, or uncovering the head, and it is 
equally required of each officer to return the salutation." 

In winter the rising bell rang at Kve o'clock, and the first recitation was held at 
twenty minutes after five. In the summer the first bell rang before sunrise, and the 
second at sunrise, for prayers. At nine o'clock in the evening all lights had to be 
put out, and all students to go to l)e(l. The Professor of Chemistry was also ])hysi- 
cian to the college. Each morning lie attended at his office to see the sick, and to 
excuse persons to be absent on that account. No plea of sickness was allowed with- 
out the doctor's written certificate. 

In those days the Diocese of Ohio was poor, and so Kenyon College paid the 
salary of the Bishop. The arrangement was not strictly just, for Kenyon received 
only a part of the Bishop's time and energy. So strongly did Bishop Mcllvaine feel 
the injustice of this arrangement that he finally took a resolute stand, and the college 
was no longer taxed for his support. 

He was necessarily absent from Gambier much of the time ; so a Vice-President 
was elected, who was his representative when absent, and who governed in the ordi- 
nary college affairs. Dr. William Sparrow was the first Vice-President. 

President Hayes entered Kenyon as a student in the fall of 1838, and was grad- 
uated in 1842. A classmate writes that for the first two years of his course he did 
not really lead his cla.ss, but had a reputation as a reader of newspapers, and a.s a 
person well informed in politics. He afterward came rapidly to the front in scholar- 
ship, taking a particularly high stand in mathematics and logic, and was graduated 
with tlie honors of his class. His couiuieucement address, "College Life," with the 
valedictory, is still spoken of in terms of the highest commendation. The uniform 
suit of the class, worn at graduation, would now look somewhat strange. It con- 
sisted of a coat of Kentucky blue jeans, with black velvet collar, a white \vais^ 
coat and white linen trowsers. 



364 KENYON" COLLEGE. 



A college friend of President Hayes has written: "I recollect liini as one of 
the purest boys I ever knew. I have always recollected of him that in our most 
intimate, unreserved, private intercourse, I never knew him to entertain for a mo- 
ment an unmanly, dishonest, or demoralizing thought. And when we met in after 
life, in scenes which called for the highest manhood and patriotism, I found the 
man to be exactly what his boyhood had promised." 

Hon. Stanley Matthews says of him: "Hayes, as a boy, was notorious for 
having on his shoulders not only the levelest but the oldest head in college. He 
never got caught in any scrapes, he never had any boyish foolishness ; he never 
had any wild oats to sow ; he was sensible, not as some men are, at the last, but 
sensible from the beginning." 

The following incident of President Hayes's college life may almost seem 
prophetic. We give it in the words of his intimate friend, Hon. Guy M. Bryan, 
of Texas, the facts having been certified to us by the President himself: 

" There \yere in those days two I'ival literary societies in the college — the Philomathesian 
and the Nu Pi Kajjpa ; the last known as the Southern Society, and the first as the Northerin 
because the students of the slave states belonged to the one, and those from the free states 
to the other. The college for years had been largely patronized from tlie Southern states> 
but this patronage gradually waned until, in the winter of 1841, there were so few Southern 
students in the college that the members of the Nu Pi Kappa were apprehensive that tlie 
society would cease to exist for want of new members. This was a serious question with 
the members of the society. I determined to open the subject to my intimate friend Hayes, 
to see if we could not devise some mode to prevent the extinction of the society, which was 
chartered by the state, and had valu.able property. We talked over the subject witli all tlie 
feeling and interest with which we would now discuss the best means of bringing about an 
era of good feeling between the two sections of the country. At last Hayes said, ' Well, I 
will get " Old Trow " Comstock, and some others to join Avith me. and we will send over a 
delegation from our society to yours, and then we can make new arrangements so that both 
societies can live in the old college.' He and I then wSit to work to consummate our plan. 
Ten members of the Philomathesian joined the Nu Pi Kappa. A joint committee was then 
appointed from the two societies, that reported a plan by wliich students could enter either 
society without reference to North or South. Thus Hayes, by his magnanimity, perpetuated 
the existence of the Nu Pi Kappa society, and should he be elected President, I earnestly 
hope that he may be equally successful in his best efforts in behalf of a civil policy whicli 
will wipe out forever the distinction between North and South in the government of our 
common country." ' 

The following letter from President Hayes, written after his last election as Governor, i 
may be taken as fairly representative of the kindly feeling entertained by the graduates I 
of the college in general : 

Fremont, Ohio, October 13, 1875. 

My Kenyon Friends: A host of congratulatory dispatches are before me. I can not acknowl- 
edge with even a word of thanks the most of them. But yours, first to be replied to, touches me 
particularly. Accept my thanks for it. I hope you will all have reason to remember old Kenyon 
with as much satisfaction as I do. I have no more cherished recollections than those wliich are I 
associated with college life. Except the four years spent in the Union army, no other jjeriod of ' 
my life is to be compared with it. I hope you may all have equal reason always to think of Kenyon 
as I do. In the greatest haste, I remain, sincerely, K. B. Hayes. 



KEXYON COLLEGE. 



365 




KUTIIERFORl) H. HAYES. 

The exp('U.-i('s ol' living iti (iunihicr in early day.-* were very small. The annual 
charges were : 

For Ijistnu-tion $:») 0(1 

Foi r.diinl ;il till' College table 40 00 

I'ldiim rfiit ill :i room with a stovr 4 00 

Room rent in :i room witli a )ire-|il:icc (i 00 

For theological .■itudeuts and son.-^ of clergymen the total charge wa.^ fifty dollars. 



366 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



Those were the days when the boys were required ' ' to sweep their own rooms, make 
their own beds and fires, bring their own water, black their own boots, if they ever were 
blacked, and take an occasional turn at grubbing in the fields, or working on the roads." 
The discipline was somewhat strict, and the toil jjerhaps severe, but the few pleasures 
that were allowed were thoroughly enjoyed. 

During the President's school-days there were two great men at Gambier, Bishoj) 
Mcllvaine, and Dr. William Sparrow. There were other eminent men among the in- 
structors: Major Douglass was a man of ability, and the traditions which still linger in 
the place concerning Professor Koss clearly show that he was possessed of remarkable 
power; but Bishop Mcllvaine and Dr. Sparrow were pre-eminently great men — men 




BEXLEY HALL. 



whose greatness has been felt as an educating influence on both sides of the Alleghanies. 
Bishop Mcllvaine's was a divided duty, for in addition to his college labors he had the 
care of a large and struggling diocese ; while Dr. Sparrow gave to Kenyon his full and 
undivided strength, and so had the stronger hold upon the students. He led them not 
only wisely and bravely, but faithfully and with a true heart. President Hayes speaks 
of him as "one of the giants;" Secretary Stanton also honored him through life, and 
sent for him in his later days that he might be baptized at his hands. 

Until the year 1840 there was a joint faculty of theology and arts in Gambier. At 
that time separate faculties were constituted, with separate heads. Bishop Mcllvaine con- 
tinuing at the head of the Theological Seminary, while Major D. B. Douglass, LL.D., 
was elected to the presidency of the college. Major Douglass was an accomplished civil 
engineer, a soldier, and " every inch a man." He began his work earnestly in Gambier, 
and improvement was the order of the day. But the time was not ripe for him. He 
was succeeded within a few years by Rev. Dr. S. A. Bronson. 



^ 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



367 



In 1842 a pecuniary crisis came. Bishop Mcllvaine labored witli ;ill his might, and 
secured the needed thirty thousand dollars. 

The chief event accomplished during Dr. Bronson's presidency was the sale of a 
large portion of the college lands. Though of very cc^nsiderable value, these lands, from 
the first, had brought to the institution only the scantiest returns. One agent after 
another had been employed to oversee them. The raising of sheep proved disas- 
trous ; the culture of wheat could not be made to pay. Many of tlie tenants turned 
out to b? either shiftless or dishonest. So, in the year 1850, alter much discussion, 
it was determined that the form of the investment sIkhiM l)e changed, and the lands 
were ordered to be sold. 

Almost immediately there came increased prosperity. Happily, too, at this juncture, 
Lorin Andrews, LL.D., was elected President. The friend and champion of popular 
education in Ohio, he found helpers in 
every county of the State. The list of stu- 
dents was quickly swelled, so that in 1855 
"room for enlargement" was a thing of 
necessity. President Andrews resigned in 
1861 to enter the Union army. He was 
the first volunteer ft-om Ohio, entering the 
.service as Colonel of the Fourth Ohio In- 
fantry. Very soon, however, he con- 
tracted disease, from the effects of which 
lie died. His body rests in a quiet nook 
of that college park, which so often echoed 
to his step. AVith President Hayes, he 
was for a time a member of the class of 
1842. 

His successors in the oflice of Presi- 
dent of Kenyon College have been Charles Short, LL.D. ( 18'J.j-67;, James Kent 
Stone, A.M. (1867-68), Eli T. Tappan, LL.D. (1868-75), William B. Bodine, D.D., 
the present incumbent. 

The rolling years have brought added endowments to Kenyon, though she still 
waits for such large benefactions as have been given to colleges in the Eastern States. 
Upon the occasion of one of his latest visits to his native land, Mr. George Peabody 
contributed the endowment of one professorship (twenty-five thousand dollars), chiefly 
out of regard and afl^ection for Bishop Mcllvaine, his early and life-long friend. Mrs. 
R. B. Bowler, of Clifton, Cincinnati, gave the sum requisite for another professorship, 
in memory of her husband, whose interest in Kenyon had been warmly manifested. Mr. 
Jay Cooke bestowed thirty thou.sand dollars in the days of his large prosperity. Other 
considerable sums have also been received, chiefly through the exertions of a long-tried 




ROSSE HALL. 



368 



KENTON COLLEaE. 



and devoted advocate and helper, the Kt. Rev. Gregory Thurston Bedell, D.D. By his 
ardent and faithful endeavors, Bishop Bedell has secured contributions for Gambier in 
all amounting to nearly two hundred thousand dollars. 

For her present measure of prosperity, if not, indeed, for her very existence, the 
one man to whom, after Bishop Chase, Kenyon College is most indebted, is the Eev. 
M. T. C. Wing, D.D. For a third of a century, in addition to the duties of his 
Professorshij), he carried on his strong shoulders the financial burdens of the College. 
He struggled through deep waters, but he bravely triumphed. Bishop Bedell has 
justly said, concerning him: "Not more than once in the history of such an Institution 




A^^.L^»iu^ 11 i.LL 



does a friend appear like him, equally disinterested and thoroughly devoted to its good 
— willing to spend his strength and his last days, and actually spending them, in its 
behalf." Bishop Mcllvaine also testified truly "to his eminent faithfulness, wisdom, 
self-devotion, patience, and constancy in most trying circumstances," and rightly 
added: " His memory will ever be cherished with the fondest afl"ection and veneration." 

To the Eev. Dr. AVing, and the Rev. Dr. Bronson — both true, noble, great-souled 
Christian men — Kenyon College owes a debt of gratitude which she can never .repay. 

This sketch has been written with special reference to Kenyon in the past. A rapid 
glance at the buildings of the institution may help to give an idea of her development 
and growth, and of her capacities for present usefulness. 

Bexley Hall stands upon a knoll at the northern extremity of the village, ll was 
erected for the exclusive use of the Theological Seminary, after a design given bj' the 
architect of the London Crystal Palace. It contains the library of the seminary — about 
seven thousand volumes — and furnished rooms, each with separate bed-rooms, for thirty- 
four students. ' 




CHURCH Ol- THK HOI.V Sl'lklT. 1- ROM THK NORTil. 



I 



KKNA'ON COLLKdK. gyf) 



The College Park is about half a mile in the opposite direction : a broad and woll- 
shadrcl aveiuio leads tlic way tlicretci. Near ihc soullu'rnniosi, point of iliis |iarls, just 
iijiiin tlic brow of the hill, and overlooking for miles the charming Kokosing valley, 
stands till' more massive and venerahlo edifice of Kenyon College. This building is of 
plain stone, I'.IO feet long, and four stories high, including the hasen)ent; with battle- 
ments, pinnacles, belfry, and a spire 117 feet high. It contains upwards of fifty rooms 
I'nr st\iilents; also tlie lil)raries of the I'liilonialliesian and Nil i*i Ka|i|ia Societies. 

Ixosse Hall, a sid)stantial stone building in Ionic architecturi', is used for leetui-es 
and rhetorical exercises, and on commencement occasions, and is eai)able of acconnno- 
dating nearly a thousand |>ersons. 

Close by ( )ld Kenyon stands A.scension Hall, an imposing strncture, and oiu- ot' tlie 
finest college buildings in the land. It contains two spacious and elaljorately furnished 
halls for the literary .societies, six recitation and lecture rooms, the library of Kenyon 
College, with its museum, and twenty-six rooms for students. The tower is used for an 
observatory. 

Directly north of Ascension, and about fifty yards from the village street, stands the 
college church, the "Church id' the Holy Spirit,'" which was finished in 1871. This 
most beautiful of all the buildings in Cand)ier is cruciform — witii the tower in one cd' 
the angles — the nave and chancel being ninety feet and the transepts eighty feel in 
length — all the windows are of stained ghi-ss — the church finished in oak, and tlie walls 
ta.stefully illuiniualed. The Imilding is of the .same freestone as Ascension Hall, laid in 
courses, with dressed ipioins and facings. It will accommodate a congregation lA' about 
six hundr<'d. hy, ti'ansplanted from Melrose .Vbbey, has already begun to adorn its 
walls. Within, the coloring and carving are most attractive. The funds for the ei'cc- 
tion of this collegi' eliureh were given bv mend)crs of the Church of the .\scension, New 
York, as a ti'ibiite of appi'eeialion for tlieir former rector. Bishop Bedell. 

'fo the north and east of' the village, and somc distance from the main street, 
environed by tri'es, ami eommaniling an extensive and, beautiful pro.spect of the valley 
yf the Kokosing, stands Milnor Hall, built for the use of the Preparatory School. This 
is a plain slrurluieof brick, the main buildings f'oui' stories high. 

In all her re(|nisiles tor adunssion, and in the course of study, Kenyon does not 

niaterially diller IV the leading coUeires of the Eastern States. She aims to give a 

thorough liberal education, and believes in the vahu' of har-d mental disci]dine. She 
believe.- also in right r<>ligiou> influences, and lal)ors to afford them, pursuing steadily 
"the line, the beautiful, the good." In lier view, " Christianity is the .science of man- 
IioimI," mil all trutii, being (iod's truth, should lead finally to Him. So her faith is 
hberal, eonservativt', t'vangelical, catholic. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



(EoIIegiate €bucation. 



The following letter, bearing upon collegiate education, will be read with 

interest : 

Cincinnati, March 8, 1880. 

My Dear Sir — I am glad to know that your College work at Kenyon is 
so promising. The solid reputation of the College in the past, and the good 
organization you now have, ought to insure a greatly enlarged constituency 
from which students would be drawn. 

I only repeat what I have said to you before, when I say that my observa- 
tion satisfies me that the education actually given in the smaller Colleges of 
the country (and this, of course, includes nearly all of our Western institu- 
tions of learning) is not inferior to that given in the better ones of the East. 

In all such matters there are compensations of advantage and disadvan- 
tage. The not infrequent interchange of teachers, by which Professors are 
transferred from the West to the East, proves that men of the highest com- 
petency in their departments are found in the one class of schools as well as 
the other. The smaller College gives to the pupil a much greater proportion 
of the time of an experienced professor, and the student lias an advantage of 
much more personal contact with his teacher. The direct influence upon the 
growth of character, intellectual and personal, is thus much greater. Again, 
the smaller Colleges are generally less expensive, and this brings to them a 
large proportion of young men who have their own way to make, and must 
economize their means. These students are generally possessed by the true 
thirst for knowledge, and the heat of their zeal makes a generous emulation in 
which similar zeal is stimulated. 

A fair con-sideration of these fhings shows that there is no good reason 
why such Colleges as Kenyon should not hold their OM^n against the world, and 
the better the matter is understood the less cause you will have to avoid com- 
parison. 

The great schools will always attract more of those to whom economy is 
needless, and distance from home of small account; but there ought to be 
enough all around us who could not go to New England, but who know the 
worth of those near home, and are able to go through our home Colleges, to 
fill up the classes to the maximum size, that a professor can thoroughly teach, 
and so secure to all who come the great advantages of which I have spoken. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 37J 



• I liave all my life urged young men, who think of professional life, to make 
sure of a regular College course of study. Again and again I luive said to 
such, I will guarantee that you will be further on in any profession you may 
choose a( the end of five years after graduating, then you would have been 
had you entered without such preliminary general education. In other words, 
1 believe any young man, whose intellect tits him for a learned profession at all, 
will reach a higher grade in it with five years of good work after graduating, 
thnn he would in, say, eight or nine years without the discipline and enlarge- 
ment of his powers by a good College course of study; and he must be a man 
of very extraordinary parts and uncommon industry who would not feel the 
difference all his life. 

I protest, however, that this economical view of the question, decisive as 
I think it, is of very small moment compared with the enlargement of the 
whole horizon of one's intellectual life by a liberal education in youth. Every 
generous mind ought to regard that as inestimable, when rightly and earnestly 
"*'^*^'- Sincei'ely your friend. 

Rev. Dr. Bodine, Jacob D. Cox. 

President Kenyon College. 

Bishop's Hoise, No. 11 Cliff Street, 
Pittsburgh. July 1, 1879. 

Kenyon College is now renewing its vigor and enterprise. It has a long 
record of excellent work done, and it has now fresh agencies and facilities for 
thorough academic work. It has grounds surpassing any college grounds that 
I know in extent, beauty and cultivation, and its buildings are very ample and 
convenient. I believe that its religious teachings and influences are heartily in 
accord with the Gospel and Church of Christ, as our Prayer Book guides us. 
It therefore gratifies me to commend the College to parents in my diocese 
seeking a College home for their sons. j^^jj g Kerfoot, 

Biitlwp of I'Ulshimih. 

I most heartily concur in the recommendation of Kenyon College, made 
above by the Bishop of Pittsburgh. 'P rj D^jyu^y 

Assistant BMop of Kcntueky. 

I very cordially and heartily endorse Bishop Kerfoofs letter. 

(iEO. W. Peterkin, 

Bithop of Went Virginia. 

I cordially commend Kenyon and its schools as worthy of unqualified con- 

fi'^en'^'*'- Sami-el S. Harris, 

BMiop of Mifkigiin. 



372 KENYON COLLEGE. 



BISHOP MolLVAINE'S POLICY. 

Forty- years ago Bishop Mcllvaine wrote: "It should be recolleciecl that 
ill the West a College can hardly be expected to sustain a dignified stand as to 
the requisites for admission, to enforce a vigorous system of internal discipline, 
and carry out such a course of study as becomes its profession and its degrees, 
witliout sacrificing for a long time numbers for attainments. It is tlie deter- 
mination of those in the administration of Kenyon College to endeavor to 
atlain an enlarged patronage without compromise with any defective notions 
of education, or any humoring of popular caprice. A few young men well 
educated are worth a host superfidally taught. Such a determination in this 
country requires much patience and firmness in its prosecution, but I trust it 
will never yield to any temptation to popularity or pecuniary increase. Dlti- 
matelv it must have its reward.'" 



Extract from the remarks of President Hayes, at the commencement 
exercises of Kenyon College, June 24, 18S0: 

"I naturally desire to say a word expressive of the happiness it give me 
in being again in Gambier, surrounded by so many friends, college acquain- 
tances, and comrades of former years To this pleasure another great gratifi- 
cation is added. I rejoice to see the encouraging improvement in the condition 
and prospects of Kenyon College. Situated as it is, near the center of the 
central State of the Union, easily reached from all parts of the country, with a 
site of unsurpassed beauty, ]ierfecfly healthy and comfortable for labor and 
study at all seasons, removed completely from every influence unfriendly to 
virtue and scholai"ly pursuits, with ample grounds and buildings, and out of 
debt, there is every reason for believing that Kenyon College and its attendant 
institutions are about to share in full measure the abounding prosperity with 
which our country is blessed." 

Extract from the remaks of Chief Justice Waite : 

" It give me very great pleasure this morning to oifer my congratulations 
to you upon the progress Kenyon has made since my last visit to this place. I 
see about me everywhere evidences of this progress, and since I have been 
here I have asked, why is it? and I can find no other answer than that tiie 
President and Faculty of Kenyon have determined that whatever be the num- 
ber of its graduates, the standard of the College in scholarship shall always be 
first-class. Going out from Kenyon, a graduate may safely place himself 
alongside of the graduates of any other college. And I promise you, and I 
promise myself, this : that so long as the Faculty of Kenyon are as faithful to 
their duties as they have been, the graduates will always be proud of giving 
the name of their Alma Mater." 



KENYON COLLEGE. 373 



Ctbpantagcs (Dffcreb by lUmyon dollcge 



Fr.) u a leading article in The Stundurii of tlir Ciox.s ] 

Ki'iiyoii can offer many strong claims lor our patronage. In her reputa- 
lii)ii and lier iiigli standard of scholarship she has a great advantage over most 
\\'estorn Colleges. In point of e.xpense, in nearness to our home, in close 
relation between pi'of'essors and students, she has an advantage over Ma.stern 
Colleges; and in moral tone and religious influences she has, we tliink, a 
decided advantage over most colleges, whether East or West. 

The greater cheapness of living at Gambler is a great advantage over tlie 
leading Eastern Colleges. President Eliot, of Harvard, in his recent annual 
report, gives ibur scales of expenditure for students at Harvard. He gives 
.1iljl5 as an "economical," 1830 as a "moderate," .f 1,305, as an "ample" 
annual expenditure. This statement was made to show that the necessary 
cost at Harvard was not much greater than at other leading Eastern Colleges; 
but it is two or three times greater than at Ciambier. To very wealthy par- 
ents, a large scale of expenditure may seem an advantage; and yet, to tiiose 
who see that nine are ruined, morally or financially, by extravagance, where 
one is harmed by economy, it seems wise that, during the formative period 
of college life, the tendency to extravagance should be repressed rather than 
encouraged. 

Kenyon has for us another advantage over the Eastern Colleges in its 
nearness to our Ohio homes. One leaving Cleveland or Cincinnati in the 
morning can dine at noon at IJambier. The home intluence ought to be main- 
tained at its maximum, and its power is very apt to be like that of attrac- 
tion — "inversely as the square of the distance." There is also, doubtless, a 
much closer relation between professor and students at Kenyon than at the 
great Eastern Colleges. At Kenyon the professors come into close personal 
relations with the students. They know each man well, and feel a personal 
interest in him; and are often able to exert a personal intluence over him 
which is worth more than any amount of mere instruction could be. 

If intellectual culture were the only object, it is believed that it would be 
wise for our people to send their sons to Kenyon. But intellectual culture 
ought not to be the only object. Thorough Christian character is worth more 
than any measure of mental endowment — worth more as a personal posses- 
sion—worth more as an outward intluence — worth more even as a mercantile 
capital, in these days of rich insolvences, and respectable defalcations, and 



374 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



cultured embezzlements, real Christian character is to be more and more at a 
premium. For the building up of such a cliaracter, Kenyon has great advan- 
tages. In too many of our Colleges Christianity is almost overlooked, and in 
too many others it is so presented that it does not attract the noblest natures, 
nor do the best work. Christianity is too often so presented to young men 
that they think of it as a blind belief in a system of doctrines which have no 
logical relation to a good life, and as tending to produce either the outgushing 
of a feeble emotionalism, or the timid unreasoning of a credulous faith. It 
ought to be so presented that they will think of it as an intelligent, loving 
obedience to a system of truth which has the closest logical relation to a good 
life — a system of truth whose real tendency is, not to make reason receive 
irom faith the check of any timidity, but rather to make it receive from faith 
the stimulus of the grandest courage — that courage whicli dares to trust the 
eternal excellence and the eternal safety of truth. Christianity is an adequate 
cause for the production of all that is strongest, and truest, and bravest, and 
noblest, in human character. It ought to be so presented that it will be seen 
to be such a cause, and felt to be such a cause. We believe that it is so pre- 
sented at Gambler. 



We can hardly estimate the advantages the smaller colleges have in the 
freer and more constant contact of professor and student. One of the bright- 
est sayings of the lamented Garfield was that Mark Hopkins sitting upon one 
end of a log, and he on the other, would be college enough for him. His wide 
experience of life and his keen observation had taught him that great num- 
bers of teachers presenting the details of the sciences and literatures are not 
so necessary for the student as close contact with a bi'oad, sympathetic, power- 
ful mind from whom the pupil not only gets the strong grasp of j^rinciples, but 
catches enthusiasm of learning, and is stimulated to double endeavor by the 
magnetic power of calm and • true wisdom. In great institutions there are 
merely physical obstacles which make any real intimacy between teacher and 
student almost impossible. In the smaller ones the contact may be as close as 
you choose to nJake it, and I maj^ be permitted to say that the duty of making 
the most of this as a powerful educational force should be matter of earnest 
thought to every professional teacher. It would not be i'ar wrong to say that, 
in the great colleges of our time, the strong tendency is for the, teacher to be 
sunk in the investigator and the writer, and that teaching as an art and in its 
higher walks is more and more left to the faculties of the smaller colleges. It 
is one thing to walk the groves with Plato, it is quite another to follow, as one 
of some hundreds, the dictation of the ablest lecture of which student ever 
made notes. 

GENERAL J. D. COX. 



KEN YON COLLEGE, 375 



(X ^enyon €pi5obe in Wav Ctmc 



The Triennial Catalogue, published in 1873, contains a " Roll of Students 
of Kenyon College, the Theological Seminary, and Milnor Hall, who Served 
in the Army or Navy of the United States, 1861-65." Of these, the Secre- 
tary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, was the most distinguished; but others 
gave themselves to their country's service with much of the same devotion, 
some of whom gained great and lasting renown. Four reached the rank of 
Major-General, and a still larger number that of Brigadier-General. There 
were more than a dozen Colonels ; and Lieutenant-Colonels, and Majors, and 
Captains in great profusion. The war spirit pervaded the land, and every 
now and then carried away some students, tilled with patriotism, who could 
not remain in a quiet retreat whilst some friends of their _youth were risking 
their lives on the field of battle, and their country's destiny seemed to be 
trembling in the balance. 

In September, 1862, it appeared to be probable that the State of Ohio 
would be invaded. The Confederate forces, under Gen. Kirby Smith, were 
reported to be in the neighborhood of Lexington, Kentucky, and it was 
believed that they would move still further northward. There was great 
excitement in Cincinnati. Gen. Lew. Wallace was put in command of that 
city, and of the neighboring cities of Covington and Newport, in Kentucky. 
Martial law was proclaimed. Orders were issued to close all places of busi- 
ness, and citizens were commanded to assemble and organize for defense. 
The following proclamation was also issued : 

'• Cincinnati, September 2, 1862. 
"7b the Loyal People of the River Countie-H: 

"Our southern border is threatened with invasion. I have, therelbre, to 
recommend that all the loyal men of your counties at once form themselves 
into military companies and regiments, to beat back the enemy at any and ail 
points he may attempt to invade our State. Gather up all the arms in the 
County, and furnish yourselves with ammunition for the same. The service 
will be of but few days duration. The soil of Ohio must not be invaded by 
the enemies of our glorious government. n David Tod 

Oovernor." 

Before this time, there had been a military company among the College 
students, who enjoyed the luxury of a drill witii wooden muskets. Some of 
these students were just returning after the summer vacation, expecting to go 
to work at their books and recitations, when a different call was heard, and oft" 
thev started "on a lark" for the supposed seat of war. They were a tine lot 



376 KENYON COLLEGE. 



of fellows, true and patriotic to the core ; but they had their share of the 
thoughtlessness of youth, and of a boy's love of adventure. 

The organization of a " Company " was quickly eft'ected. The Captain 
chosen was Professor George T. Chapman. Prof. Chapman Avas a young man 
himself, popular with the students, who fully appreciated his brilliant intel- 
lectual gifts, his scholarly attainments, and his rare powers as an instructor, 
and who knew that he would lead them well on the tented field, as he had led 
them well in the class room at old Kenyon and Ascension Hall. Wm. E. 
Powell was First Lieutenent of the Company, and Edwin L. Stanton Second 
Lieutenant. The weapons obtained were somewhat better tlian " wooden 
muskets," but they were a mixed medle.y of shot guns, squirrel rifles, and a 
few old muskets. There was no railroad at Gambler then. So the cars were 
taken at Mt. Vernon, and a stop made for dinner and a change of cars at New- 
ark. From Newark to Columbus the ride was made on freight cars, which 
were already well filled with paroled prisoners on their way to Camp Chase. 
Not unnaturally, many of " the boys " betook themselves to the top of the 
cars, and rode safely thereon. Cincinnati was reached about S o'clock in the 
evening. The company was marched up to the Fifth Street Market place, 
where supper was provided on the butchers' blocks. 

It was a very noisj^ crowd that went from there to Pha?nix Hall, on Cen- 
tral avenue, where the night was spent. There was gloom in the city, for it 
was believed that danger was at hand. But the boys " made the welkin ring " 
with patriotic songs, and student's songs, and shouts of all kinds, and many 
heads were put out as thej' moved cheerily along. As for sleep, the students 
were told that they could go to bed on the floor, but tiiey were in too livelj'^ a 
mood for that ; so slumber kept far away. 

The next morning the company was sent back to the Fifth Street Market 
for breakfast, where some of Siegel's German veterans (who were returning 
north after their Pea Ridge victory) came in crowds to see the son of the 
renowned Secretary of War. They might well have believed that Mr. Stan- 
ton had a very large family, for nearly every student was pointed out as the 
sou of the distinguished head of the War Department in Washington. 

Soon the freight cars were called into service again, and tiie company was 
carried down tlie river to North Bend, to guard the ford known as Anderson's 
Ferry, where it was thought the Confederate forces migiit possibly attempt to 
cross. Tlie night 'was spent in the bunks of some '' squirrel hunters " who had 
moved on. The next morning the camp was formed in a vacant field at the 
toj) of the hill, and the student company was consolidated with a company 
from Clifton, Cincinnati. 

Of the company, as thus reorganized, the officei's were Charles M. Buch- 
anan (of Clifton) Captain; William R. Powell, First Lieutenant; L. Gardiner, 
(of Clifton) Second Lieutenant. The remaining offices held by the Kenyon 



KENYON COLLEGE. 377 



contingent were, George T. Uiuqjnian, Coinissary, Kdwin L. Stanton, First 
Sergeant; Simeon C. Hill, FourOi Sergeant; Frank W. riul)l)y, Filtii Ser- 
geant; William W. Farr, Second Corporal; W. Percy Browne, Tliird Corporal. 

The remaining companies in the regiment were composed of (Icnnans. 
and all gnard duty was assigned to these "dutchnien." Hy hodk or \>y crook, 
some of the students managed to circumvent the gnards. and some tall forag- 
ing was done in the vineyards that nuide the hillsides glad, and in the orchard 
that once belonged to President William Henry Harrison, at the loot of the 
hill. It is, perhaps, not to be wondered at that, when a s(iiiad of the college 
boys was sent by authority to protect the orchard from maramlers, the honest 
gardener should himself blaze away with his gun in a somewhat dangerous 
fashion, and peremptorily order them away. 

The scare, however, was soon over, and the freight cars carried some joUv 
students back to the "Queen City of the West." Up the hills the hoys were 
nuirched, as far as Clifton, and there an ovation was tendered them. Hishop 
McHvaine's son was one'of the Kenyon boys, and the company had formally 
elected tlie Bishop as their Chaplain. The Bishop had visited them in camp, 
and now welcomed them to the village where he dwelt, and commended Ihem 
heartily tor their i)atriotic zeal. The next day a special car was lurnished by 
President L'Hommedieu, of the Cincinnati, Hamilton A- Dayton Ivailroad, and 
the homeward journey began. 

When Gambler was reached a warm welcome was e.\tended, and shouts 
tilled the air. The "war-worn veterans" were drawn up in front of Ascension 
Hall, and speeches of congratulation wereynade. x\nd then a dingy looking 
crowd betook themselves to their rooms. Their faces were dirty with smoke, 
and with beards that had been growing for a fortnight — but they had shown 
their valor, and they were not sorry to be at home again — and soon, with 
clean face.-s and clean clothes, to appear at recitations and then go singing 
their college songs, and their songs of patriotism also, along the dear old walks 
of Gaml)ier. 

Each student afterwards received a certiticate, in wonls as follows: 

•'THE SOl'lRRKL Hl'M'KRs' DISCU.-VKCiK. 

"Cincinnati was menaced by the enemies of t>uv Inion. David Tod, 
Governor of Ohio, called on the Minute Men of the Stale, and the S(juirrel 

Ihniters came by thousands to the rescue. Vou, were one of iheiii,' 

and this is vonr Honorable Discharge. ,, w 1. 

"Approved by Adjt. Gen. of Ohio. 

" I)AVin Ton, Malcolm McDowkll, 

''Gortnior. Miiji'r <iihI A />. C." 

With each "discharge" came also a letter from the (iovernor, full of force 
and (ire, commending the past fidelity of each and all. and e.xpressing confi- 
dence that they could be trusted to do their full duly, should any emergene^'^ 
again arise. And thus ended a "memorable campaign." 



378 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Some n)orbs (£oncci-niiig (Sambier — Past, Present, anb future. 



BY WILLIAM B. BODINE. 



On a lovely afternoon in October, 1862, I first saw the beautiful village of 
Ganibier. I had come from my home in New Jersey to enter the Middle Year 
in the Theological Seminary. But for the Civil War, which was then raging, 
I should have gone, ibr my theological training, to Alexandria, Virginia. 
There was more part}^ feeling in the Church then than now, and that kept me 
from the General Seminary in New York. So to Gambler I wended my way, 
and found the Divinity Department fuller of students than it ever had been 
before, or than it ever has been since. The two years of my stay in Gambler, 
as a student, were very happy years. The associations were pleasant, and, in 
many waj's, exceedingly helpful. With me, as with others, some of the 
friendships then formed have been among the strongest of my life. I owe 
something to my professors. I owe a great deal, also, to some of my fellow- 
students. 

The Protestant Episcopal Church has greatly improved during the last 
quarter of a century in one particular. A much larger number of its adher- 
ents prize the catholicity of the Church and value a teaching which has 
regard to " the continuity of Christian thought.''' We wonder, indeed, that 
" Hodge's Outlines of Theology " could ever have been a leading text-book in 
a Church training-school, and that the literature of the Plymouth Brethren 
could have been commended as the most valuable of Christian literature, after 
the Sacred Books themselves. In this regard, we cannot approve the influ- 
ence of the Gambler of twenty-five years ago. But there were other influ- 
ences which were enlarging and exalting. And, on the whole, those who 
were then students of Bexley Hall gladly recognize their obligations to the 
professors in that school, who did a great deal to help them to become good 
ministers of Je-eus Christ. . 

After leaving Gambler, most pleasant memories of the place lingered 
with me. So, after seven years of parochial work in Baltimore and Brooklyn, 
I was glad, on being asked, to return to a spot so dear, as Chaplain of Kenyon 
College and Pastor of the village community. I came, and the five years 
which followed were the happiest of my life. Stanley Matthews once said to 
me that his ideal of a contented, peaceful, satisfying, earthly existence had 
always been associated with the thought of a professorship in such a place as 
Gambler. For five j'ears this contented and joyous existence was mine. But 
it was not to last. A President for Kenvon College was wanted, badlv 



KENYON COLLEGE. 379 



wanted. And it was hoped, also, that Bexley Hall (which iiad been closed), 
might be re-opened under a competent head. One place or t lie other, or both, 
had been offered to ten ditlerent men and by them declined. l>'or the College 
presidency Phillips Brooks was first choice, and John Cotton Smith second 
choice. Alter them came AVilliam Stevens Perry (now Bisho]) Perry), George 
Zabriskie Gray, and Samuel Hart. The leading position in (he Divinity 
School was offered first to Dean Howson, and afterwards to (he llev. Drs. 
Walter W. Williams, J. H. Eccleston, and W. P. Orrick. Declinations became 
monotonous. Finally, in December, 187(), 1 was elected President of Kenyon 
College and Dean of the Theological Seminary, and soon thereafter I accepted 
the election and began to try to do the work which it seemed rigid (lia( I 
should do. 

There were many notices ol the election, of course, in both the secular 
and the Church newspapers. Apart from words of commendation, amounting 
to Hattery, the fact was emphasized in both the Churchiiuiii, and the iSout/iern 
(7iurc/ima>i that, by this election, the new head represented the three Institu- 
tions at Gambler, the (Grammar School, the College, and the Theological Semi 
nary, and was " a center of unity " lor all. " By this action," it was said, " the 
great idea of old Bishop Chase is kept prominenthy in view, and these three 
Schools, under one leadership, will become more than ever aggressive for the 
truths of the Gospel and the principles of the Churcii."' What was t/ien 
really needed was that these Schools should be actualli/ under oiw Icddcrsh'tp, 
and this is still a crying need to-day. Sober words came to inc Iroin those 
who were in a position to know the difficulties of the situation. One of the 
Bishops on the Board of Trustees wrote: "Greeting! Hurrah for Kenyon! I 
have my wish. I always believed you were the man for us, and now there 
you are. I pity you, but for the Church and College I thank God and take 
courage." From one of the manliest and most sensible men on the Board 
(now a Bishop), these words came: "• You will have heard before this of your 
election as President of the College and Dean of the Seminary. I prefer that 
you should know from myself that 1 (!ould not see my way clear to vote in 
favor of the appointment. So many men have been sacrificed as Presidents 
of Kenyon that I made up my mind not to expose any one to the perils of the 
place (so far as my vote was concerned), who iiad not previously been tried in 
somewhat similar positions. And I wish you also to know that 1 moved the 
resolution by which the Trustees made the election uiKuiimous. 'I'luit means 
that we all propose to give you, and the Institutions under you. our hearty 
support. It is a forlorn hope, I am afraid, this effort to get the Institutions 
out of their present condition. But you have been appointed to lead the 
advance, and I do not see how you can get out of it. It is a hard place to 
which vou have been called, and you are not to be envied." 



380 KENYON COLLEGE, 



Another friend, a man of largest wisdom, wrote : " You have a fair fight- 
ing chance of winning. But our orders are not to conquer but to fight. You 
can hope to succeed as men count success; but you can he sure to succeed as 
God counts success. The loving laith that dares to venture and to labor for 
Him is success." 

A statesman of national reputation thought it wise, among other things, 
to say : " You must not, and I trust will not, forget that envy folldws success. 
Cain set the example; Joseph's brethren followed it, and other followers have 
been exceedingly numerous i'rom that day to this." 

I was then thirty-five years old, and young for my years. But I was 
capable of enthusiasm i'or any good cause committed to me, and perfectly 
willing to lead a forlorn hope. So I went forth to try to win in a useftil 
undertaking; and ere long a large measure of success came, and a still larger 
measure of success seemed to be at hand. The spirit abroad was one of rejoic- 
ing and congratulation. Surely after long waiting and much trial the hour 
had struck which told of new life for Gambler. 

But the new life seemed to be much like the new life which came into 
the world with Jacob and Esau. There was vigor in it, but contention and 
strife also; so that ere long it became necessary to stop thinking of growth 
and development, and to ask: can the life of the patient, the Alma Mater of 
hundreds of noble men, be saved? 

To change the figure, the question became a pressing one; can the 
staunch old ship outlast the storm, and gain a secure haven of refuge? In the 
face of such a question the matter of the lading of the vessel seemed second- 
ary ; its preservation was the paramount thing. 

When I accepted the presidency of Kenyon College it was not with the 
thought that I would continue therein for many years. I was resolved to give 
five years to it, possibly ten years, the latter only on condition of marked 
improvement during the first five years. That improvement came. The skies 
were bright, the breezes favoring, and the ship moved gaily onward. But ere 
ten years had passed there was a change. Into the consideration of the causes 
which produced this change, I do not propose to enter. Suffice it to say that 
recently some of the clouds have lifted, and the waves have ceased to beat 
with violence. As a consequence it became possible for me to write the fol- 
lowing letter : 

KenvoiN College, Gamuier, Ohio, May 1-1, 1890. 

Rt. Rev. Boyd Vincent, D. i>., Bishop of Southern Ohio: 

Mv Dear Bisiioi' — Our Board of Trustees has asked from the Diocesan 
Convention of Southern Ohio an expression of opinion touching the proposed 
changes in the Constitution of the institution legallv known as "The Theolog- 



KENYON COLLEGE 331 



ical Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Ohnrrli in the Diocese of Ohio," 
and popularly known as '' Kenyon Collpfie." 

I am not a member of your Convention and can only express my judf; 
ment throu<rli you, which I beg to be permitted to do. 

I have had a lonjr experience as President of Kenyon College; very much 
longer than that of any of my predecessors. My experience has taught me 
that some, at least, of the proposed Constitutional changes are greatly needed. 

During the early years of my connection with the instil utioii, 1 was 
allowed to lake the lead in all its departments: there was unity of purpose 
and of effort ; and, within five years, the total number of students increased 
from sixty to one hundred and fifty-five. With brightening prospects money 
rapidly came in to strengthen the institution. 

But controversy came: controversy concerning matters which were a 
source of trouble sixty years ago, when the foundations of the institution were 
laid, and which have, periodically, been a source of trouble from that day to 
this. 

I reached the conclusion that this old controversy ought to be settled once 
and forever; that until it was settled, there could be no. permanent peace or 
prosperity; nor did I hesitate to express my conviction that there was an 
"irrepressible conflict'" at Gambier .just as clearly as there was an "irrepres- 
sjlile conflict" between the North and the South in the days of slavery, and 
Ihat, l-'ort Sumter having been fired upon, the war would have to be fought 
out, I hough not with carnal weapons. 

The period of this strife has been an unhappy period. The differences of 
good men have retarded the development of the work at Gambier. tlnergy 
has been misdirected; wise activity has been transformed into contention, and 
])Mlient endurance has taken the place of zeal and success. 

During this period I have had several ofl'ers of work elsewhere at a salary 
miudi larger, in each case, than I have received, or could ever hoj)e to receive, 
as President of Kenyon College. I have stood by my post simply because it 
has seemed to me, as it has seemed to the leading men on our Board of 
'J'i-ustees, that my presence in Gambier was necessary in order to prevent per- 
maneiit disaster. 

For more ihau fifty years the Bishoj) of Ohio has been the actual head (if 
one of the departments at ( Jambier; the President of Kenyon College has 
l)een the head of another department, whilst the preparatory department has 
been managed in all st)rts of ways. But over all departments the Bishop of 
Ohio has had great powei-, sometimes used, sometimes for a period unused, 
but still a power always to be reckoned with, and never to be disregarded. 

During the past fifty years Kenyon College has had a dozen Presictents. 
Every man of the twelve has retired from his position either iu youth or mid 



382 KENYON COLLEGE. 



die age. No one has waited to grow old in the service of the College. All 
have given up in discouragement, if not in hopelessness. This fact of itself, 
clearly shows that there has been something radically wrong. Whilst Oberlin 
College has had three Presidents, Kenyon College has had (including acting 
Presidents) thirteen'^. But at Oberlin the President has been at the head of 
all the departments, tlieological, collegiate, and preparatory. And so it 
ought to be at Gambler. 

I have myself held on to my work as President of Kenyon College, in the 
hope that the needed changes would soon be made, because first, of ray deep 
and abiding love for Gambler, and my belief in its great value to our Church 
and Nation if rightly developed, and second, because of my grateful and filial 
affection for Bishop Bedell. In recent years I have thought that my strength 
was to sit still, and that I was called not so much " to labor" as " to wait." 

I have known full well what the result of such a course would be upon 
the temporary prosperity of the institution, but I have thought it right to care 
primarily for permanent prosperity. 

Now brighter days are dawning. The Board of Trustees has, with great 
unanimity, reached the conclusion that the important Constitutional changes 
should all be made. AVith these changes, and with new life everywhere in 
both Dioceses in Ohio, thei*e is an opportunity, not merely for a spasmodic 
forward movement, but for a steady and increasing growth. 

I wish to add only that these Constitutional changes should be considered, 
and passed upon, without regarij to any personal considerations. It mighi; very 
naturally be said, and probably has been said, that I have been working for an 
increase of my own powers, and that I desire to be, not mere at the head of 
one depai'tment, but " President of the institution." To guard against any 
misunderstanding on this point I desire to say to ,you, and through you to the 
Convention of the Diocese of Southern. Ohio, as I shall say in person to the 
Convention of the Diocese of Ohio, that I have ardently desired to promote 
the best and highest interests of tlie institution, and not to further any per- 
sonal ends, and that it is my purpose to present my resignation of the office of 
President of Kenyon College at the next meeting of the Board of Trustees. 
In my judgment it is best for all concerned that some one, in no way mixed 
up with the discussions and complications of the past, should lead in the new 
movement which, if rightly guided, gives promise of large success. 

Assuring you that, wherever my lot shall hereafter be cast, I shall never 
cease to love Kenyon College in all her schools, nor to do all in- my power for 
her advancement and prosperity, I am, my dear Bishop, with sincere respect, 
and very great esteem, jj^g^ t^.^ly ^^^^^^ 

See letter o£ Ex-President Hayes, page 11.5. WM. B. BODINE. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 3^3 



The resignation referred to in tiiis letter was presented to the Board of 
Trustees, at its meeting on the 26th of June, 1890, "lo take effect when the 
pending C^onstitutional charges are finally acted upon/' and was by them 
accepted as appears from the following declaration of their Secretary : 

(iAMBiER, Ohio, June 27, 1890. 

At a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Theological Seminary of flie 
Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio and Kenyon College, iield 
this day, the following action was taken: " /i'(?,w/;w/. That the Board fully 
appreciates the value of the faithful and arduous services of the Rev. Dr. 
William B. Bodine, for which sincere thanks are hereby expressed. We also 
appreciate his desire to retire from the position which he has so long and so 
worthily filled, and therefore, at his request, accept his resignation as tendered 
to this Board. Attest: A. B. Fiitn.\m, 

Secrrlury. 

I expected this action as a matter of course, and desired it. For several 
years my mind has turned frequently with longing towards other work. But 
I was none the less grateful for the kind terms in which the action of the 
Board was expressed, and I was also glad to receive the following communica- 
tion from Bisho]i Vincent : 

"Newark, Ohio, June 27, 1890. 

"My Dear Dr. Bodine — There was no chance to speak to you yesterday, 
as I wished to, about the action of the Board on yonr resignation. There was 
a very strong appeal proposed that you should withdraw it, at any rate until 
the action of the Conference Committee. But on the whole, and especially 
in view of your letter to me read at our Convention and since iiulJislied, it 
was felt that no choice was left us but to accept it. 

"But while this was the case, it would have gratified you exceedingly if 
you could have heai'd the strong and repeated expressions of esteem and affec- 
tion for yourself, of grateful appreciation of your many and great services to 
Kenyon, and appreciation also of the various causes which have contributed 
to hamper you in your work. 

"To have won the sincere resj)ect and gratitude and affection you have 
won for yourself, then, is to have lived well, and to have labored successfully. 
Your record is one only of honor throughout. "Affectionately yours, 

"B. ^'lJCCE^■T." 

So much as to the past- a word now to the future. The great present' 
need of Garabier is unity of plan and purpose — " Working at cross purposes" 
has been the bane of the Institution for sixty years. If either Bishop now in 
» )hio could be put at the head of the entire (iambier work, and could give to 
it his whole mind and heart, his whole time and energy, success would surely 
come. If this cannot be, some other godly and well learned man should be 
found for this headship; and a crown of pure gold ought to be put on his 
head, or. in other words, he ought to be clothed with mithority. 



384 



KENYON COLLEGE, 



It has been thought by some persons that President Andrews's experience 
at Gambier was not only successful, but satisfactory to himself. If such had 
been the case he might not have been the first man in Ohio to offer his 
services to the Governor in 1861. That he was then restless and dissatisfied is 
made evident from the following testimony of a member of his household ; 
'•President Andrews's experience, under the divided authority — the students 
here, the Bishop there, the directing power outside of himself, but the whole 
responsibility upon him — was extremely irksome and bitter; in short made 
his life almost unendurable. During the long years that I was a member of 
my sister's household I have frequently pitied him; he would walk up and 
down in sleepless torment." 

Surely "days should speak, and multitude of years should teach wisdom." 
If there is any lesson which the past history of "Kenyon College" makes 
clear it is that the three departments at Gambier should be — like the Infan- 
try, Cavalry, and Artillery forces of an army — united under one competent 
head; and the man placed at the head should be not a man overburdened with 
other important work, but a man free to give the enthusiasm and energy of 
his entire nature to the one problem of making the educational work at Gam- 
bier an immense power for good. 





CHURCH OF THK HOI.V Sl'lRIT, FROM THK WKST. 



KEN YON COLLECiE. 



385 



iist of (Elcrical (Trustees 



Bishops Chase, Mcllvaine, Berlell, Jajifiar, Vinfent. and Leonard; Presi- 
dents Andrews, Tappan, and Bodine; Kev. Drs. Intrepid Morse, E. B. Kel- 
logg, B. P. Aydelott, Ethan Allen, Win. Preston, M. T. 0. Wing, E. W. Peet, 
Wm. Sparrow, John T. Brooke, Wni. A. Smallwood, Henry V. I). Johns, 
Eraslus Burr, Sherlock A. Bronson, Joseph Muenscher, Thos. M. Smith, James 
McElroy, R. B. Claxton, Wm. R. Nicholson, Clement M. Butler, Alfred Blake, 
Kingston Goddard, J. 11. C. Boute, 11. B. AValhridge, Julius K. (irammer, 
Lewis Burton, Samuel (!ox, Joseph II. Rylance, Henry H. Morrell, C. A. L. 
Richards, John Boyd, Thos. S. Yoconi, Charles Breck, Rufus W. Clark, Wyllys 
Hall, R. L. Ganter, Wm. W. Farr, J. F. Ohl, Leighton Coleman, L N. Stanger, 
J. M. Kendrick, N. S. Rulison, Cyrus S. Bates, John W. Brown, W. M. Pettis, 
George Worthington, E. R. Atwill, J. S. Jenckes; Rev. Messrs. Roger Searle, 
Samuel Johnston, John Hall, S. C. Freeman, J. P. Bausman, Alvah Sanford, 
A. B. Hard, (4eo. Denison, Richard Bury, A. F. Dohb. J. U. Britton, W. AV. 
Arnett, T. B. Fairchild, Fred'k Brooks, Wm. Bower, A. F. P,hike, R. \i. Hal 
com, H. L. Badger, A. B. Putnam, R. A. Gib.son, F. S. Dunham, J. II. Burton, 
Frank K. Brooke, Dudley W. Rhodes, Y. P. Morgan, James A. Brown, Rev- 
erdy Estill, E. D. Irvine, Charles L. Fischer, Henry I). Aves, J. R. Wightman. 



•Sist of €ay trustees 



John Johnston, Bezaleel Wells, Charles Hammond, Wm. K. Bond, .Josiah 
Barber, Jesse B. Thomas, Wm. Little, John Hailhache, Edward King, Henry 
Brush, Warren Munger, Amos Woodward. 1'. H. A\'ilcox, J. W. Allen, Benj. S. 
Brown, C. P. Buckingham, Ebenezer Lane, LL. I)., Isiacl Dillc, David K. Este, 
David Gwynne, John Andrews, i\l. D., Kihvani Ilaniillon, John II. N'iers, 
Caleb Howard, Edward H. ('umniing, A. I*. I'rilchard. James L. Reynolds, 
Columbus Delano, LL. D., T. W. Rogers. S. W. I'omeroy, Henry Du Bois, 
M. D., M. W. Stamp, M. I)., Henry B. Curtis, LL. I).. Joseph R. Swan, LL. D., 
Rollin C. Hurd, James Hall, Elisha T. Sterling, Nathaniel G. Pendleton, 
Washington Kinney, Rufus King, LL. I)., John W. Andrews, LL. D., Kent 
Jarvis, Wm. Procter, Jonathan N. Burr, M. I)., Henry Probasco, Wm. J. 
Boardman, Matthew G. Mitchell, Thos. C. Jones, Moses M. (jtrangei-. LL. D., 
Augustus H. Moss, William G. Deshler, Morrison R. Waite, LL. \).. Levi 
Buttles, James D. Hancock, Charles E. Burr, D. L. King. J. II. Devcrenx. 



386 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Wager Swayne, LL. D., Geo. W. Jones, Albert L. Hayden, George C. Burgwin, 
E. A. Hildreth, M. D., J. W. Stevenson, LL. D., John S. Irwin, H. P. Baldwin, 
John B. Jackson, Cruger W. Smith, Jas. T. Sterling, E. M. Wood, J. A. J. 
Kendig, Horace S. Wallbridge, F. P. Walcott, Samuel Mather, Channing 
Kichards, George T. C'hapman, LL. D., David D. Benedict, M. D. 



prcsibents 



Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, D. D., Rt. Rev. C. P. Mcllvaine, D. D., Rt. Rev. 
Gregory T. Bedell, D. D., Rev. William' Sparrow, D. D. (Vice-President); 
David Bates Douglass, LL. D., Rev. Samuel Fuller, D. D. (Provisional Presi- 
dent); Rev. Sherlock A. Bronson, D. D., LL. D., Rev. Thomas M. Smith, D. D., 
Lorin Andrews, LL. D., Benj. L. Lang. A. M. (Acting President); Charles 
Short, LL. D., Rev. James Kent Stone, A. M., Eli T. Tappan, LL. D., Rev. 
Edward C. Benson, A. M. (Acting President); Rev. AVilliam B. Bodiue, D. D. 



professors 



Rev. Wm. Sparrow, D. D., Rev. Chauncey W. Fitch, D. D., Rev. Joseph 
Muenscher, D. D., Rev. C. Colton, D. D., Rev. M. T. C. Wing, D. D., Rev. 
Samuel Fuller, D. D., Rev. Thomas M. Smith, D. D., Rev. Sherlock A. Bron- 
son, D. D., LL. D., Rev. John T. Brooke, D. D., Rev. John J. McElhinney, D. D., 
Rev. Francis Wharton, D. D., Rev. Lucius W. Bancroft, D. D., Rev. Henry 
Tullidge, D. D., Rev. Frederick Gardiner, D. D., Rev. Cyrus S. Bates, D. D., 
Rev. Fleming James, D. D., Rev. A. Jaeger, D. D., Rev. Hosea W. Jones, D. D. 
Rev. C. T. Seibt, D. D., Rev. George Denison, A. M., Rev. John Sandels, A. M., 
Rev. T. H. Mitchell, M. D., Rev. S. L. Johnson, A. M., Rev. A. F. Dobb, A. M., 
Rev. John Stevenson, A. M., Rev. Edward C. Benson, A. M., Rev. George A. 
Strong, Litt. D., Rev. Morris A. Tyng, A. M., Rev. F. S. Luther. A. M., Rev. 
J. Streibert, A. M., John Kendrick, A. M., J. W. Farnum, M. D., C. P. Buck- 
ingham, LL. D., B. F. Bache, M. D., Robert P. Smith, A. M., Edward G. 
Ross, LL. D., Homer L. Thrall, M. D., John Trimble, A. M., Samuel St. 
John, LL. D., Hamilton L. Smith, A. M., J. B. Thompson, A. M., Benj. L. 
Lang, A. M., George T. Chapman, 'LL. D., John M. Leavitt, A. M., Theodore 
Sterling, LL. D., Wm. W. Folwell, LL. D., Wm. Woolsey Johnson, A. M., 
J. F. W. Scheffer, A. M., Lawrence Rust, LL. D., Wm. T. Colville, A. M., 
George C. S. Southworth, A. M., R. S. Devol, A. M., Greenough White, A. M., 
Wm. Clarke Robinson, Ph. D. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



387 



Ctlumnt of ^cnyon dollcgc. 



1829 
*Kev. Alfred Blake. U. 1) Gambler, Ohio. 

Mr. James Balloch Chase, A. M Council Bluils, Iowa. 

*Rev. Samuel Chase, D. D Robin's Nest, 111. 

*Rev. George Denison, A. M Keokuk, Iowa. 

*Hon. Philander Chase Freeman, A. B Claremont, N. II. 

Mr. Burwell B. Saver, A. B Frankfort, Ky. 

1830 

*Rev. Henry Caswell, I). D Salisbury. Kn<rlaii(l. 

*Mr. AVilliam S. Drummond, A. B Steuben ville. Oiiio. 

*Mr. James Hunter, A. B 

*Rev. Alexander Norris, A. B (Jharles City, Va. 

1831 

*Mr. David C. Briggs, A. B 

*Rev. John Hill Drummond, A. B Louisville, Ky. 

Rev. James C. Wheat. D. D Lynnwood, Va. 

1832 

*Hon. David Davis, LL. D Bloomington, 111. 

*Hon. James Denison, A. M San Antonio, Texas. 

*Hon. John L. Miner, A. B Cincinnati. Ohio. 

*Rev. Dexter Potter, A. B Cambridge, Mass. 

1833 
*Rev. Sherlock Anson Bronson, D. D., LL. D Mansfield, Ohio. 

*Mr. William B. Hooke, A. B 

Rev. Richard K. Meade, A. B Charlottesville, Va. 

*Rev. Launcelot B. Miner, A. B Africa. 

*Hon. Edward M. Phelps, A. B St. Marys, Ohio. 

*Rt. Rev. Joseph P. B. Wilmer, D. D New Orleans, La. 

1834 

*Rev. Norman Badger, A. M Fort (!oncho, Texas. 

*John Blackburn, Esq., A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

*Dr. William J. (Edmondson) Tuck, A. M. . . Memphis, Tenn. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



*Dr. Thomas P. Harrison, A. B Port Jefferson, La. 

Rev. Thomas E. Locke, A. B Glendower, Va. 

*Rev. Francis H. McGuire, A. B .Mechlenburg, Va. 

Mr. Francis B. Meade, A. B Millwood, Va. 

Dr. Joseph C. Weatherby, A. B Clarkborough, N. Y. 

1835 

*Joseph S. Davis, Esq., A. B Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

*Mr. John B. Foster, A. M 

*Rev. W. Hodges, D. D West River, Md. 

*Rev. John G. Maxwell, A. M Philadelphia, Pa. 

*Mr. William B. Page, A. B 

*Rev. Robert Doyne Shindler, A. M Nacogdoches, Texas. 

*Dr. John H. Smith, A. B 

*Rev. George Wells, A. B 

1836 
*Mr. William A. M. Brooke, A. M Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

Rev. Richard T. Brown, A. M Sligo, Md. 

Mr. George E. Hogg, A. B Brownsville, Pa. 

*Hon. Francis K. Hunt, A. B Lexington, Ky. 

*Mr. Charles E. Johnson, A. B Point of Rocks, Md. 

*Rev. William H. Kinckle, A. B Lynchburg, Va. 

*Rev. Edwin M. Lightner, A. M Muncy, Pa. 

*Mr. Charles B. Mallett, A. B Fayetteville, N. C. 

*Asaph L. Mehurin, Esq, A. B Vicksburg, Miss. 

*Mr. Robert Moore, A. B Natchez, Miss. 

Rev. Peter S. Ruth, A. M Pomona, Cal. 

1837 

*Prof. Samuel H. Burnside, A. B Marshall, Texas. 

*Mr. Fenton M. Craighill, A. B Charlestown, Va. 

*Hon. Henry Winter Davis, LL. D Baltimore, Md. 

Rev. Charles Edward Douglass, A. M Brighton, England. 

*Rev. Stephen Griffith Gassaway, A. M St. Louis, Mo. 

*Rev. John Henshaw, A. M Brooklin, Miss. 

*John Howard, Esq., A. M Dayton, Ohio. 

*Rev. Rodolphus K. Nash, A. M Newark, Ohio. 

*Mr. Horace Smith, A. M Reading, Pa. 

*Hon. Thomas Sparrow, A. M Columbus, Ohio. 

*Rev. John Uflbrd, D. D Delaware, Ohio. 

*Rev. John A. Wilson, D. D Ypsilanti, Mich. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 389 



1838 

Mr. Andrew E. Douglass, A. M Brooklyn, N. Y. 

*Luke R. Douglas, Esq., A. B Chillicothe, Ohio. 

Mr. William H. Johnson, A. B Baltimore, Md. 

Wm. Richards, Esq., A. M AVashington, D. C. 

Mr. Henry Livingston Riciiards, A. M Boston, Mass. 

*Rev. William Fagg, A. M La Grange, Tenn. 

Rev. Charles Gibbs, A. M Cedar Falls, Iowa. 

*Rev. Samuel L. Johnson, A. M Indianapolis, Ind. 

*Dr. John Knox, A. M New York, N. Y. 

Dr. Ebenezer S. Lane, A. M Chicago, Ills. 

*Rev. Milton C. Lightner, A. M Binghampton, N. Y. 

*Mr. John W. Marsh, A. B Montebello, Ills. 

*Mr. Charles M. Nichols, A. B Natchez, Miss. 

*Mr. Absolom Ridgely, A. B Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

*Mr. William McK. Scott, A. M Chillicothe, Ohio. 

*Rev. Hanson T. Wilcoxon, A. M Baltimore, Md. 

1840 
*Rev. Richard S. Killin, A. M Baltimore, Md. 

*Hon. Stanley Matthews, LL. D Cincinnati, Ohio. 

*Major Abraham Baldwin Norton, A. M Santa Fe, N. M. 

Gen. Anthony Banning Norton, A. M Dallas, Texas. 

*Charles R. Rhodes, Esq., A. M Marietta, Ohio. 

Rev. William Speer, A. B Chicago, Ills. 

*Rev. Edward W. Syle, D. D Tokio, Japan. 

*Dr. Mandeville Thum, A. B Nashville, Tenn. 

Prof. John C. Zachos, A. M New York, N. Y. 

1841 
*Mr. Ethan Allen, A. B Quincy, Ills. 

Rev. Henry Calhoun, A. B Ironton, Ohio. 

*Dr. Douglass Case, A. B Cleveland, Ohio. 

*Mr William Dewalt, A. B Canton, Ohio. 

Milton Elliott, Esq., A. B Astoria, Oregon. 

*Ira Darwin French, Esq., A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Rev. William C. French, D. D Philadelphia, Pa. 

Rev. Richardson Graham, A. B Philadelphia, Pa. 

Mr. Edwin Butler Hale, A. B Cleveland, Ohio. 

Hon. Sidney C. Long, A. B Baltimore, Md. 

*Mr. Franklin B. Sain, A. B Norwalk, Oiiio. 

Hon. Rowland E. Trowbridge, A. B Birmingham, Mich. 



390 KENYON COLLEGE. 



1842 

Mr. J. Milton Boyd, A. B Hillsboro, Ohio. 

Hon. Guy M. Bryan, A. M Galveston, Texas. 

Mr. Leander Comstock, A. B Milwaukee, Wis. 

*Mr. Hugh Hamilton, A. B Lima, Ind. 

Hon. Rutherford B. Hayes, LL. D Fremont, Ohio. 

Rev. Ovid A. Kinsolving, D. D Halifax C. H., Ya. 

*Rev. Patterson Reece, A. M Dayton, Ohio. 

Rev. Joash Rice Taylor, A. M New York, N. Y. 

Hon. William F. Turner, A. B Indeiaendence, Kan. 

1843 

*Rev. Charles Ferris Lewis, A. M. . Wakeman, Ohio. 

*Jesse McHenry, Esq., A. B New Orleans, La. 

*Rev. George Thompson, A. M Manitouwoc, Wis. 

1844 

*William Rodolphe Bowes, Esq., A. B Michigan City, Ind. 

Rev. Jolin Boyd, D. D Marietta, Ohio. 

*Prof Benjamin Locke Lang, A. M Washington, D. C. 

*Mr. Joseph Washburn Muenscher, A. M Sandusky, Ohio. 

1845 
*Rev. Hiram N. Bishop, D. D , Chicago, Ills. 

Jacob A. Camp, Esq., A. M Sandusky, Ohio. 

*Rev. Charles H. Cooley, A. M Pomeroy, Ohio. 

*Rev. Thomas S. Goodwin, A. M 

*Dr. John A. Little . , A. M Delaware, Ohio. 

*Mr. Linton W. Pettibone, A. M Delaware, Ohio. 

Mr. James M. , Smith, A. B Dayton, Ohio. 

1846 

*Rev. Andrew D. Benedict, A. B Racine, Wis. 

*Dr. E. Milton Buckingham, A. B Springfield, Ohio. 

*Mr. George W. Jones, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Rev. Thomas Barker Lawson, D. D Grenada, Miss. 

*Gen. John Adair McDowell, A. M Chicago, 111. 

Rev. Rodney S. Nash, A. M Lexington, Mo. 

*Mr. Edmund C. Smith, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

1847 
*John L. Bryan, Esq., A. M Columbus, Ohio. 

Mr Levi Buttles, A. M Cleveland, Ohio. 

*Mr. Samuel B. Darst, A. B Dayton, Ohio. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 391 



*Mr. Benoni Elliott, A. B Lexington, Ky. 

Mr. Alexander W. Griffith, A. M Farm Ridge, 111. 

Hon. Alfred M. Hoyt, A. M New York, N. Y. 

Hon. Manuel May, A. M Mansfield, Ohio. 

*Mr. Hugh F. MeWilliams, A. B Martinsl)urg, Ohio. 

*Rev. George F. Richards, A. B Ashtabula, Ohio. 

Mr. Solomon Noble Sanlbrd, A. M Cleveland, Ohio. 

*Mr. William B. Wood, A. B Wabash, Ind. 

1848 
*Martin Andrews, Esq., A. B Chicago, 111. 

Rev. Columbus S. Doolittell, A. M Mansfield, Ohio. 

*Joseph 1). Ebersole, Esq., A. B Erie, Pa. 

Mr. John W. F. Foster, A. B .Athens, Tenn. 

*Mr. Asahel B. Gray, A. M Belleville, Ohio. 

Gen. William Gates Le Due, A. M Hastings, Minn. 

Mr. Joseph Lindley, A. M Mt. Morris, N. Y. 

Shepherd Jay ratrick, Esq., A. B Norwalk, Ohio. 

Hon. William K. Rogers, A. M Duluth, Minn. 

Dr. William J. Scott, LL. D Cleveland, Ohio. 

Hon. David Turpie, LL. D Indianapolis, Ind. 

1849 
*Mr. Richard C. Anderson, A. B Dayton, Ohio. 

Prof. Edward C. Benson, A. M Gambler, Ohio. 

*Col. Hunter Brooke, A. M Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Rev. Richard L. Chittenden, A. M Paradise, Pa. 

*Mr. Robert S. French, A. M Gambler, Ohio. 

Mr. Peter Neff, A. M Cleveland, Ohio. 

*Rev. Daniel Risser, A. M Ashland, Ohio. 

William H. Scott, Esq., A. M New York, N. Y. 

Mr. Stephen B. Sturges, A. B Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Rev. George Edward Thrall, A. M New York, N. Y. 

*Mr. Leonard Whitney, A. M Washington, D. C. 

1850 

Mr. William H. Bowers, A. M 

Hon. Moses Moorhead Granger, LL.'D Zanesville, Ohio. 

Col. Emory Washburn Muenscher, A. M Grand Rapids, Mich. 

*Mr. Henry C. Pinney, A. B Worthington, Ohio. 

Abner Starkey, Esq., A. B Alton, -111. 

Rev. George Augustus Strong, Litt. D Boston, Mass. 

Rev. Jesse B. Thomas, D. D Brooklyn, N. Y. 



392 ItENYON COLLEGE. 



1851 

Dr. Edwin Hodges Grant, A. B 

Mr. Louis . S. Lobdell, A. B New Orleans, La. 

Mr. William Humrickhouse, A. B Coshocton, Ohio. 

*Hon. Etherington T. Spangler, A. M Coshocton, Ohio. 

*Dr. Seneca B. Thrall, A. M Ottuniwa, Iowa. 

*Hon. John Woodbridge, A. B Chillicothe, Ohio. 

1852 

Hon. John S. Brasee, A. M Lancaster, Ohio. 

Mr. H. S. Bell, A. B New Orleans, La. 

*Mr. Benjamin W. Clark, A. B. , West Baton Rouge, La. 

*Lieut. Charles W. Fearns, A. M Circleville, Ohio. 

E,ev. John Hochuly, A. B Fairfield, Iowa. 

*Eev. Henry Hobart Morrell, D. D Knoxville, Tenn. 

Rev. James Trimble, A. M Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 

1853 

Rev. Henry Durant Lathrop, D. D East Oakland, Cal. 

Rev. Henry G. Perry, A. M Chicago, 111. 

*Mr. A. H. Spangler, A. B Coshocton, Ohio. 

Dr. Homer Thrall, A. B Columbus, Ohio. 

*Mr. Charles Tudor Wing, A. M New York, N. Y. 

1854 

Mr. Leighton Brooke, A. B Atchison, Kansas. 

Mr. James Norris Gamble, A. M Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Rev. Moses Hamilton, A. M Bellevue, Ohio. 

Dr. Charles Hervey James, A. M., D. D. S . . Cincinnati, Ohio. 

1855 

Mr. Matthew Page Andrews, A. B Shepherdstown, W. Va. 

Hon. Raymond W. Hanford, A. B Danville, Ills. 

Hon. Joseph Hart Larwill, A. B Bannock City, Montana. 

*Mr. James M. Le Due, A. B Hastings, Minn. 

William Renick Madeira, Esq , A. B Chillicothe, Ohio. 

Rev. Henry H. Messenger, A. M Beaumont, Texas. 

Rev. D. Brainard Ray, A. M Harlem, New York, N. Y. 

1856 

Dr. David De Forest Benedict, A. M Norwalk, Ohio. 

Hon. George T. Chapman, LL. D Cleveland, Ohio. 

Mr. George F. Dawson, A. B Pittsburgh, Pa. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 39 



Rev. Richard Leo Ganter, D. D Akron, Ohio. 

Col. John E. Hamilton, A. B Covington, Ivy. 

Thomas Meeker James, Esq., A. M East Sagiinaw, Mich. 

Oren Smith Penney, Esq., A. M Conshatta.K. River Parish, 

Col. James Tuttle Sterling;, A. M Detroit, Midi. [La. 

Mr. Frederick Devoo Tunnaal, A. M Baton Rouge, La. 

Mr. William Henry Tunnard, A. B Natchitoches, La. 

1857 

Mr. Bela Andrews, A. B Osco, Henry Co., Ills. 

*Mr. Thomas Blake Brooke, A. M Brinee (ieorge's Co., Md. 

Rev. C. George Currie, D. D Philadelphia, Pa. 

Hon. Henry Heber Denison, A. B St. Louis, Mo. 

*Rev. William Fulton, D. D Salisbury, Md. 

Rev. Richard George Holland, A. M Kent, England. 

*Rev. James Edward Homans, A. M Manhasset. \. Y. 

*Mr. John Grant Leithead, A. M Piqua, Ohio. 

Mr. Joseph Grafton Lothrop. A. B Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

*Rev. John Winspeare McCarty, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Mr. Thomas H. Macoughtry, A. B Bloomington, Ills. 

Dr. William Irvin Woltley, A. B Columbus, Ohio. 

1858 

*Mr. Henry M. Blackaller, A. M . (iallipolis, Ohio. 

*Mr. John M. Burke, A. B Lynchburg, Va. 

^^'Mr. Robert Bedell Burton, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

*Rev. Alexander Forbes Dobb, A. M Lexington, Ky. 

Rev. Frederick M. Gray, A. M . Albany, N. Y. 

Rev. Wyllys Hall, D. D Marquette, Mich. 

Dr. Wm. W. Hays, A. M San Luis Obispo, Cal. 

Hon. Francis Hunt Hurd. A. M. Toledo, Ohio. 

Col. Jesse Elliott Jacobs, A. B Baltimore, Md. 

Mr. James Kilbourne Jones, A. M (Jolumbus, Ohio. 

Rev. John Newton Lee, D. D Cameron, Mo. 

*Dr. Robert Lurkins, A. B Gambler. Ohio. 

Mr. Henry S. Mitchell, A. B Norwalk, Ohio. 

Warren Munger, Jr., Esq., A. B Dayton, Ohio. 

Rev. John Franklin Ohl, D. D Pomeroy, Ohio. 

Lewis Paine, Esq., A. M Pomeroy, Ohio. 

Rev. AVilliam Thompson. A. M Pittsburgh, Pa. 



39i KEN YON COLLEGE. 



1859 

Dr. George Smith Allen, D. D. S New York, N. Y. 

Kev. William Bower, A. M Delaware, Ohio. 

Rev. William Henry Dyer, A. M Los Angeles, Cal. 

Rev. William Crane Gray, D. D Nashville, Tenn. 

Hh: Charles Bierce Guthrie, A. M * Titusville, Pa. 

Hon. James Kent Hamilton, A. M Toledo, Ohio. 

Hon. James Dent Hancock, A. M. . Franklin, Pa. 

Rev. John Yaughan Hilton, A. B 

*Mr. Matthew Hodkinson, A. M Cincinnati, Ohio. 

John A. J. Kendig, Esq.. A. M Chicago, 111. 

Rev. James Hervey Lee, A. M Manhattan, Kansas. 

*Rev. Henry Agar Lewis, A. M Dresden, Ohio. 

Mr. Charles Otis Little, A. M Delaware, Oliio. 

Mr. William Smedes Marshall, A. B Charleston, 111. 

*Mr. Edward Hanson Mayo, A. B Indianapolis, Ind. 

*Rev. Charles E. Mcllvaine, A. M Towanda, Pa. 

Gen. John G. Mitchell, A. B Columbus, Ohio. 

Rev. Calvin Clark Parker, A. M Academy, Pa. 

Hon. Timothy H. Rearden, A. B San Francisco, Cal. 

Mr. Robert Clinton Smith, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Robert N. Smith, Esq., A. M Oleria, Kansas. 

*Mr. Edward Starr, A. B Chicago, Ills. 

Benjamin F. Strader, Esq., A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

George Daniel Stroud, Esq., A. M Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Marcus A. Woodward, Esq., A. B Pittsburgh, Pa. 

*Rev. Charles H. Young, A. M Worthington, Ohio. 

1860 

*Mr. George Stone Benedict, A. B Cleveland, Ohio. 

*Mr. Henry W. Chipman, A. B Boerne, Texas. 

Rev. Joseph Witherspoon Cook, A. B Greenwood, S.. Dak. 

Mr. James Louis Daymude, A. M Davenport, Iowa. 

Mr. Spencer Franklin, A. B St. Louis, Mo. 

Samuel Griffin, Esq., A. B Liberty, Va. 

Mr. John Arunah Harper, A. M Pittsburgh, Pa. 

*Rev. Henry Martyn Harvey, A. M Newark, Ohio. 

Mr. Robert McNeilly, A. M : . . .New York, N. Y. 

*Hon. John A. Norris, A. B Columbus, Ohio. 

Joseph Packard, Esq., A. M Baltimore, Md. 

Charles Matthews Sturges, Esq., A. B Chicago, Ills. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



395 



Rev. John William Trimble, A. B Tuckahoe, N. Y. 

Matthew Trimble, Esq., A. M Washington, I). C. 

Mr. Augustus Newton Whiting. A. M Columbus, Ohio. 

*Zenas Fiske AVilber, Esq., A. B Washington, IJ. V. 

1861 

Rev. Royal Blake Balcom, A. M Jackson, Mii^h. 

Prot. Thomas Brown, A. M Muscatine, Iowa. 

Mr. Jesse Thomas Burr, A. B Mt. V'ernon, Ohio. 

Prof. Samuel M. D. Clark, A. M Nashville, Tenn. 

*Major Murray Davis, A. M Han Francisco, Cal. 

*Mr. John Morton Dillon, A. B Zanesville, Ohio. 

*Mr. Alfred Edgerton Fillmore, A. B Zanesville, Ohio. 

*Rev. Otho Huddlestone Fryer, A. M Cornwall, I'a. 

*Dr. George Gamble, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

*Rev. Matthew M. Gilbert, A. M AVellsville, Ohio. 

Mr. Emanuel K. (Jrabill, A. B Evansville, Ind. 

William Wurtz Lathrop, Esq., A. B Wilkesbarre, Pa. 

Mr. Albert Bronson Payne, A. B Nashville, Tenn. 

*Rev. Erastus Owen Simpson, A. M Philadelphia, I'a. 

Capt. Thomas Mackie Smith, U. S. A., A. B. Buffalo, N. Y. 

Mr. Jllisha Marheld Tarlton, A. B Lexington, Ky. 

Mr. George Taylor, A. B 

Mr. Bezaleel Wells, A. B Kansas City, Mo. 

Mr. George Brown Wilson, A. B Batesville, Ark. 

Rev. Yung Kiung Yen, A. B Shanghai, (^hina. 

1862 

Rev. Alexander Y. G. Allen, D. D Cambridge, Mass. 

Rev. Henry Leonard Badger, A. M Portsmouth, Ohio. 

Rev. Alfred Farnsworth Blake, A. M Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Rev. James Alexander Brown, A. B Ravenna, Ohio. 

Ulysses David Cole. Esq., A. M Rushville, Ind. 

Harry Lambton Curtis, Esq., A. M Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

Rev. John Andrew Dooris, A. B Newton, Kansas. 

Rev. William D'Orville Doty. D. D Rochester, N. Y. 

Mr. George Ernst, A. B Hot Creek, Nevada. 

*Rev. William H. De L. Grannis, A. M Goshen, N. Y. 

Mr. Joseph Stibbs Harter, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Col. James Kilbourne, A. B. Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. Charles King, A. B Newark, Ohio. 

Mr. Allen Napier, A. M Brooklyn, N. Y. 



396 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Dr. Charles Forrest Paine, A. B Ti'oy, Pa. 

Dr. Oliver Hazard Perry, A. B Hopkinsville, Ky. 

Rev. William M. Postlethwaite, D. D-. West Point, N. Y. 

Rev. George Buffett Pratt, A. M Oak Park, Chicago, Ills. 

John R. Vance, Esq., A. B Marshall, Mo. 

Matthew Louis Wilson, Esq., A. B Martinsburg, Ohio. 

Rev. William Edward Wright, A. M Wausau, Wis. 

1863 

Rev. Samuel Herbert Boyer, A. M Philadelphia, Pa. 

*Mr. Joseph Edward Conover, A. B Oil City, Pa. 

Rev. Edward Dollaway, A. B Oswego, N. Y. 

Mr. Richard B. Marsh, A. M Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

Charles Drake McGufFey, Esq., A. M Chattanooga, Tenn. 

Rev. William Ridgley Powell, A. B The Cove, Oregon. 

Mr. Thomas David Rafter, A. B Butler, Mo. 

Rev. George Charles Rafter, A. B Cheyenne, Wyoming. 

Mr. James Allison Searight, A. M Uniontown, Pa. 

*Hon. Edwin L. Stanton, A. M Washington, D. C. 

1864 

Rev. George Bosley, A. B Alliance, Ohio. 

Rev. Percy Browne, A. M Roxbury, Boston, Mass. 

John Lewis Brown, Esq., A. B Wamego, Kansas. 

Rev. George Galen Carter,* D. D Nashotah, Wis. 

Mr. Charles Thomas Dobb, A. M _Covington, Tenn. 

*Rev. William Wilberforce Farr, D. D Philadelphia, Pa. 

Mr. William O'Bannon Fullerton, A. B Newark, Ohio. 

George Gallagher, Esq., A. M New York, N. Y. 

Rev. Simeon Cochran Hill; A. B Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Mr. Frank Winfield Hubby, A. B Cleveland, Ohio. 

Rev. William Hyde, A. M Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Mr. Samuel 'Marfield, A. M Knoxville, Tenn. 

*John Henry Putnam, Esq., A. M Topeka, Kansas. 

Major Ernest Howard Ruffher, U. S. A., A. M Quincy, 111. 

Rev. Amos Skeele, A. B Rochester, N. Y. 

*Mr. Henry Kirke White, A. M Gambler, Ohio. 

1865 

Upton Clarence Blake, Esq., A. B Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 

Charles Edward Burr, Esq., A. M Columbus, Ohio. 

George Coburn, Esq, A. B Baltimore, Md. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



397 



Rev. Daniel Webster Coxe, A. M West Pittston, Pa. 

Mr. Thaddeus Edward Cromley, A. M South BlooniHeld. Ohio. 

George .Jone;^ Peel, Esq., A. B New York, N. Y. 

Mr. Henry Brown Rogers, A. M (Jliicago, Ills. 

*Mr. Clifford Beakes Rossell, A. B Trenton, N. J. 

Rev. George Henry Sinith, A. M Bridgewater, Conn. 

Mr. John Kimble Woodward, A. B 

1866 
*Mr. George Pendleton Bowler, A. M Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Dr. Nathaniel Pendleton Dandridge, A. M Cincinnati, Ohio. 

James Burleigh Graham, Esq., A. M Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

*Mr. John Parkin Holloway, A. B ' . Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Rev. John Godfrey Jones, A. M Bedford, Ohio. 

Rev. Henry Christian Mayer, A. M Pass t^hristian, Miss. 

Col. John James McCook, LL. D New York, N. Y. 

Rev. Stephen McNulty, A. B Johnstown, Pa. 

Rev. James Kiemer Mendenhall, A. M . Saratoga, N. Y. 

Rev. Charles Henry Tucker, A. M Cainhriilge, Mass. 

1867 

Rev. Richard Julius Adler, A. B Green Island, N. Y. 

Rev. John Henry Burton, A. B Gwynedd, Pa. 

Rev. Carlos Enrique Butler, A. B Cambridge, Ohio. 

Rev. James Caird, A. M Troy, N. Y. 

Rev. Edward Bentley Church. A. M San Francisco, Cal. 

John Dawson Critchfield, Esq., A. M Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

George Gillespie Dickson, p]sq., A. B New York, N. Y. 

Rev. Samuel Johnson French, A. M Lexington, Ky. 

*Dr. John S. Copley Greene, A. B Brookline, Mass. 

Mr. George Alexander Hogg, A. B Connellsville, Pa. 

*Mr. Henry Preston Kelley, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Mr. Louis Carroll McAfee, A. M ". San Francisco, Cal. 

*Dr. Thomas Alexander McBride, A. M New York, N. Y. 

Rev. Isaac Newton Stanger, D. [) Harlem, New York, N. \ 

Rev. V. P. Suvoong, A. B China. 

Davidson King Wade, A. B Pittsburgh, Pa. 

1868 

Rev. Hiram Payson Barnes, A. B Clyde, Ohio. 

Mr. Joseph Kerr Cass, A. B Pittsburgh. Pa. 

Dr. William G. L. Cheesebrough. A. B Detroit, Mich. 



398 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Mr. William Townsend Pitt Oooke, A. M Sandusky, Ohio. 

Mr. Charles Bartlit Cowan, A. M Canal Winchester, Ohio. 

liev. John Gregson, A. M Wilkinsonville, Mass. 

Henry Clay Hart, Esq., A. B St. Louis, Mo. 

Kev. Edward Duncombe Irvine, A. M Hastings, Mich. 

Mr. Cieorge Herbert Kellogg, A. B . San Francisco, Cal. 

.hohn Brooks Leavitt, Esq., A. M New York, N. Y. 

Rev. Wallace W. Lovejoy, A. M Philadelphia, Pa. 

John M. McDonald, Esq., A. B Piqua, Ohio. 

Rev. George N. Mead, A. B New York, N. Y. 

Woosler Beach Morrow, E^sq., A. M Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Mr. Edwin Richard Proctor, A. B Washington, C. H., Ohio. 

Mr. Albert Ruth, A. B , . .■ Knoxville, Tenn. 

Lyne Starling Smith, Esq, A. B Hillsboro, Ohio. 

Dr. Albert Bliss Strong, A. M Chicago, Ills. 

Mr. Howard Hoit Weaver, A. B Urbana, Ohio. 

Mr. Nevil P. Whitesides, A. B Kansas City, Mo. 

Charles G. Wilson, Esq., A. M Toledo. Ohio. 

1869 

Rev. Henry Jay Camp, A. M De Luz, Cal. 

Rev. Eleutheros Jay Cooke, A. B Clinton^ Iowa. 

Rev. David Willis CJox, A. M Oakley, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Mr. William Francis Garrelt, A. B Dorsey, Md. 

Florien Giauque, Esq., A. M Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Mr. Albert Hayden, A. M Chicago, Ills. 

Desault Badlock Kirk, Esq., A. B Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

Hon. Charles Djalma Leggett, A. B Fairfield, Iowa. 

Rev. Albert Burnet Nicholas, A. M New Albany, Ind. 

*Dr. James Busby Norris, A. M Chattanooga, Tenn. 

Samnel W. Probasco, A. B Lebanon, Ohio. 

Rev. Albert Bronson Putnam, A. M Cleveland, Ohio. 

Charles Webb Sadler, Esq., A. B 'Sandusky, Ohio. 

Mr. Howard Persil'or Smith, A. B Cleveland, Ohio. 

Rev. Charles Milnor Sturgis, A. M Fernandina, Florida. 

Dr. Thomas Jackson Thompson, A. B Staten Island, N. Y. 

Rev. Theodosius Stevens Tyng, A. M Osaka, Japan. 

Mr. Charles Henry Wetmore, A. M Columbus, Ohio. 

1870 

Rev. John Greenwood Bacchus, D. D Brooklyn, N. Y. 

George AVyllis Cass, Esq., A. B Chicago, Ills. 



KENYON ('()L1,K(;K. 



899 



Frank Ooinpton, Esq., A. M (^Iiicajro, Ills. 

Rev. Louis l)e Coriiiis, \. M (ncil NCck ( L. 1.) .\. ^' 

AVilliani IVehles KllioU, Ks([,, .\. U ( liir.-i-.,, Ills. 

Uciirv .lohiis I'ccI, Ks(i.. A. H Cjiicnj;.!, Ills. 

*Mr. I'anU'ii Cook Kickt'.v. A. U Dm.vIou, Ohio. 

Mr. Robert C^allawa.v Soaper, A. U - Henderson, K.v. 

Rev. (Jliarles Tullidge Stoiil, A. M I'eloskey, Mifli. 

George Penn.v AVebh, Es(]., A. B Newark, Ohio. 

• Mr. Harry Eufiene Wilson, A. H l)Ml)U(|iie, Iowa. 

Mr. .lolm Scot I Wilson, A. M San Francisco, Cal. 

iviisscll .loners Wilson, Ks(|., A. M S;ni Francisco, (lal. 

iS7 1 

Mr. Kdson Hlack Carlniill. A. H, Fancaslcr, Ohio. 

Rev. William Marshall Harrison, A. M l'liiladeli>liia, I 'a. 

William Lawrence, F>(|., A. H W'asliinjj;! Ohio. 

Hon. J,ames Lawrence, A. H ( 'Icvclaml. Ohio. 

Dr. John Millard Lee, A. B . Coshocton, Ohio. 

Rev. llu^h Magnire, A. B lirooklyn, \. V. 

Mr. Enrique Ciriaco Miller, A. M Toledo, Ohio. 

Charles W. Tyler, Esq., A. M. New York, N. \. 

Rev. (Jeor^e W. Williams, A. U Sharon, I'a. 

Mr. Darwin Stanton Wolcott, A. B Sewickley, I'a. 

1S72 

Mr. I>eonard Blake, A. B St. Louis, Mo. 

Mr. Charles PI Brouson, A. B Washinnlon, D. C. 

Hon. Albert Douglas, A. 1! Chillicothe, Ohio. 

i\ev. Willison Bowers French, .\. M I'hiladelphia, I'a. 

Hon. Tallourd I'ark Linn, A. H ('olunilms, Ohio. 

Mr. John De W. H. McKinley, A. M (lolumlius, Ohio. 

Mr. Percy I'roctor, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Andrew Lewis Ralston, Es(|., A. M Columbus, Ohio. 

Mr. William Henry Stronj!;, A. M Chicafio, ills. 

Rev. John Hazen While, A. B St. i'aul, Minn. 

i873 

Dr. Charles Henry Buchanan, A. B Chicago, His. 

Rev. Lewis William Burton, A. M Richmond, Va. 

John M. Critchlield, Esq., A. B Ml. Vernon, Ohio. 

Frank Kershner Dunn, Esq., A. B Ml. Gilead, Ohio. 

*Mr. Charles Updike Fosdick, A. B (!iiicirinati, Oliio. 



400 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



William Matthews Raynolds, Esq., A. B Cleveland, Ohio. 

Mr. John Barnett Sherwood, A. B Lafayette, Ind. 

Mr. George Franklin Southard, A. B Buffalo, N. Y. 

Rev. Langdou Cheves Stewardson, A. B Worcester, Mass. 

1874 

Prof. John G. Black, A. M Wooster, Ohio. 

Rev. Francis Key Brooke, A. M Atchison, Kans. 

Prof. William Thomas Colville, A. M Gambler, Ohio. 

Mr. Richard C. Flournoy, A. B Clinton, Iowa. 

Hon. Charles M. Ingraham, A. B. . Kansas City, Mo. 

Grayson Mills, Esq., A. B Sandusky, Ohio. 

Charles Tappan, Esq., A. M Livingston, Montana. 

Mr. Joseph Richard Turney, A. B Marion, Ohio. 

Rev. Henry Davey Waller, A. B Flushing, N. Y. 

i875 

Rev. Norman Nash Badger, A. B Grafton, Pa. 

Edwai'd Gilpin Johnson, Esq., A. B Milwaukee, Wis. 

Mr. Frank Hardick Morrison, A. B Plainfield, N. J. 

Dr. Robert OTerrall, A. B Piqua, Ohio. 

Mr. Frederick Tomlinson Peet, A. B Minneapolis, Minn. 

Rev. William Wordsworth Taylor, A. B Philadelphia, Pa. 

William Franklin Webb, Esq., A. M . . . Cincinnati, Ohio. 

1876 

Rev. Charles S. Aves. A. B Norwalk, Ohio. 

John Charles Dunn, Esq.. A. B Mt. Gilead, Ohio. 

Rev. Rolla Dyer, A. B Paris, Ky. 

Charles Clement Fisher, Esq., A. B Marion, Ohio. 

Mr. James M. Greenslade, A. M Bellevue, Ohio. 

Rev. Edward Mansfield McGuffey, A. B Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Rev. Paul Sterling, A. M Lynn, Mass. 

Dr. Frank Pope Wilson, A. M San Francisco, Cal. 

1877 

Dr. Blake Axtell, A. B , Painesville, Ohio. 

Lieut. Harry Coupland Benson, U. S. A., A. M. .West Point, N. Y. 

Dr. Robert Wood Colville, A. M : . Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

Dr. Lorin Hall, A. M Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Mr. Harry Neville Hills, A. M Gambler, Ohio. 

Rev. Henry Deane Page, A. M Tokio, Japan. 

Frank Fillmore Roberts, Esq., A. B. Cincinnati. Ohio. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



401 



i878 

Mr. Howard Mulmann Adae, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Mr. Chester Field Adams, A. M Wichita, Kansas. 

Rev. Henry Dameral Aves, Ph. B . Cleveland, Ohio. 

Charles Martin Poague, Esq., A. B Chicago, Ills. 

Cassius Marcus Roberts, Esq., A. B Chillicothe, Ohio. 

Rev. Henry Herbert Smythe, A. M Adams, Mass. 

Dr. William Thomas Wright, A. JI Denison, Iowa. 

1879 

John Jay Adams, Esq., A. M Zanesville, Ohio. 

Mr. Alfred Crayton Dyer,- A. B Kinsley, Kansas. 

Jacob Drennen Early, Esq., A. B Terre Haute. Ind. 

Mr. AVillis Monro Townsend, A. B Zanesville, Ohio. 

1880 

Dr. Francis AVharton Blake, A. M Columbus, Ohio. 

Rev. Asahel Amos Bresee, A. B Wooster, Ohio. [Co.,Ohio. 

Dr. Samuel Herbert Britton, A. B Adelaide P. O., Marion 

Charles Franklin Colville, Esq., A. B Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

Mr. Grove Daniel Cuilis, A. B New York, N. Y. 

Rev. Abner Lord Frazer, A. B Lima. Ohio. 

Dr. William Drake Hamilton, A. B Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. Charles Page Peterman, A. B Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Rev. Charles David Williams, A. B Steuben ville. Ohio. 

Thomas Stokely Wood, Esq, A. B Stenbenville. Ohio. 

1881 

Hon. Joseph Pancoast Coates, Ph. B Portsmouth. Ohio. 

John Edwin Franks, Esq., A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Mr. Henry Sellers Gregg. A. B St. Paul, Minn. 

Theodore Murdock Livesay, Esq., A. B Columbus. Ohio. 

Rev. Thomas Carter Page, A. M Williamsburg. Va. 

Rev. Charles Toms Allison Pise, A. B Hamilton. Ohio. 



1882 
Mr. George Frederick Anderson. A. B 

John Trafford Brasee, Esq.. A. B 

Ernest Stanley Cook, Esq., A. B 

James Howard Dempsey. Esq.. A. B 
Irving Bedell Dudley, Esq., A. B 



. Sandusky. Ohio. 
.Lancaster, Ohio. 
. Cleveland, Ohio. 
Cleveland. Ohio. 
. San Diego. Cal. 
Dr. Justin Julius McKenzie, A. B Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 



402 KENYON COLLEGE. 



Mr. William Robert Mehaffey, Ph. B Lima, Ohio. 

Mr. Rheuben Broaddus Miller, A. B Montgomery, Ala. 

Mr. William Clark Pennock, Ph. B Cardington, Ohio. 

Dr. Edwin Frazer Wilson, A. M Columbus, Ohio. 

1883 

Mr. William Addison Child, Ph. B Toronto. Canada. 

Dr. Warwick Miller Cowgill, A. B Hickman, Kentucky. 

Andrew L. Herrlinger, Esq., A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Dr. Thompson Barrette Wright, A. B Circleville, Ohio. 

1884 

Rev. George Elliott Benedict, A. B Lynchburg, Va. 

Mr. Richard Bury Bloodgood, A. B Crestline, Ohio. 

Mr. Joshua Douglas, Ph. B Chicago, 111. 

Mr. J. Edward Good, Ph. B Akron, Ohio. 

Francis Thomas Anderson Junkin, Esq., A. B. New York, N. Y. 

Samuel Willoughby Taylor, Esq., Ph. B Santa Ana, Cal. 

Mr. Irving Todd, Ph. B Topeka, Kan. 

Charles Wardlow, Esq., Ph. B Columbus, Ohio. 

1885 

Mr. Alva Henry Anderson, A. B Shelby, Ohio. 

Mr. Ernest Milnor Benedict, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Mr. Edward Vance Bope, A. B Findlay, Ohio. 

Mr. John Adolph Fritsch, A. B., Ph. B Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Mr. Orion Boyd Harris, A. B Sullivan, Ind. 

Mr. George Clarence Holloway, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Mr. Charles Edward Milmine, A. B New York, N. Y. 

Mr. Roger Hanson Peters, A. B Mt. Sterling, ' Ky. 

Mr. John Franklin Smith, A. B. Findlay, Ohio. 

Alonzo Mitchell Snyder, Esq., A. B Cleveland, Ohio. 

Mr. William Tappan, A. B., Ph. B Tivoli, N. Y. 

Mr. George William Dorman Webster, A. B . . Geneva, Ohio. 

1886 
Mr. Cliflbrd Lincoln Sherman Ayers, A. B. . . .Akron, Ohio. 

Mr. Henry Edward Chase, A. B Wady Petra, 111. 

Mr. Hugh Barrett Clement, Ph. B Kenton, Ohio. 

Rev. George Clarke Cox, A. B Ridgewood, N. J. 

Mr. Arthur Stanhope Dudley, Ph. B Washington, D. C. 

Mr. Charles Probasco Harnwell, A. B Little Rock, Ark. 



KKNYON COLLEGE. 403 



1887 

Mr. Cleveland Keith Beiiedicf, A. H ( ^iiiciiinati, Ohio. 

Mr. Curtis Claypoole, A. 15 Culuinbus, Ohio. 

Mr. William Herbert Dewart, A. B Cambridge, Mass. 

Mr. Robert Matthew Greer, I'h. H Mt. Vernon. Ohio. 

Mr. Lawrence Perns Hancock, A. H Franklin, I'a. 

Mr. Ralph Sheldon Holbrook, A. H Toledo, Oliio. 

Mr. Cieorge Arthur Reid, Ph. B (ieneva, Ohio. 

Mr. Walter Wright Scranton, Ph. B Kno.xville, Teiin. 

Mr. Hugh Sterling, Pii. B St. Louis, Mo. 

Mr. Charles Huntington Young, A. B Plaiddnton, S. Dak. 

Mr. James Henry Young, A. B (Jambier, Ohio. 

1888 

Mr. Henry Curtis Devin, Pii. B Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

Mr. Walstein Failing Doutiiirt, Ph. B Columbus, Ohio. 

Rev. George Fiske Dudley, A. P> Washington, I). C. 

Mr. Guy Despard Goll', A. B Clarksburg, W. \'a. 

Mr. Clitl'ord Alfred Nell', A. B (Ileveland, Ojjio. 

Mr. George Henry Prince, A. B Los Angeles. (!al. 

Mr. John David Skilton, A. B Monroeville. Ohio. 

Mr. Henry Bedinger Swearingen, A. B Washington, D. C. 

Mr. Charles Avery Taj)pan, Ph. B Steubenville. Ohio. 

Mr. Robert Chochung Woo, Ph. B Shanghai, China. 

1889 
Mr. Charles Henry Arndt, A. P> Sandusky, Ohio. 

Mr. Charles Edward Beniiss, Ph. P) Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Mr. FVank Sanf'ord Curtis, A. B Mt. Vernon, (Jhio. 

Mr. Henry Jacol) Flberth, Ph. B (hunbier, Ohio. 

Mr. Frederick William Harnwell, Pii. I! Lone Oak, Ark. 

Mr. Gibson William Harris, A. B.. Albion, 111. 

Mr. David Feldnian Kronacher, Ph. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Rev. Edward Thomas Mabley, A. B Cleveland, Ohio. 

Mr. George Dudley Young, Ph. B I'laiikinlon, S. Dak. 

1890 

Mr. William Budd Bodine, Jr., A. P> (Janijjier, Ohio. 

Mr. Frank Hadley (iinn. Ph. B Clyde, (Jhio. 

Mr. Sherman Moorhead Granger, A. B Zanesville, Ohio. 

Mr. Wilbur Edward Irvine, I'h. B Springlield, Ohio. 

Mr. Henry Lincoln M(;Clellan, Ph. P> VVelliugton, Ohio. 

Mr. William Edward Rambo, A. B (Jambier, Ohio. 

Mr. Robert Sterling, A. B Gambler, Ohio. 

Mr. John F'rancis Wilson, A. B ... .Napoleon, Ohio. 

Mr. Lee Huntington Young, Ph. B Gambier, Ohio. 



404 KENYON COLLEGE. 



(5ra6uatc5 of tl^c Cl^cological Seminary 



1828 
*Rev. Nathan Stem, D. D Norristown, Pa. 

1829 
*Rev. James McElroy, D. D San Francisco, Cal. 

1830 
*Eev. John O'Brien, D. D., U. S. A Mackinac, Mich. 

1831 
*Rev. Henry Caswell, D. D Salisbury, England. 

*Rev. George Denison, A. M Keokuk, Iowa. 

1832 
*Rev. Alvah Guion Brooklyn, N. Y. 

1833 
*Rev. Henry S. Smith Claremont, N. H. 

1834 
Rev. Heman Dyer, D. D New York, N. Y. 

1835 

*Rev. Albert T. Bledsoe, D. D., LL. D Baltimore, Md. 

*Rev. Sherlock A. Bronson, D. D., LL. D Mansfield, Ohio. 

*Rev. Abram Edwards Centre ville, Ohio. 

1836 
*Rev. Nelson E. Spencer Gambler, Ohio. 

1837 

*Rev. Norman Badger, U. S. A., A. M Fort Concho, Texas. 

*Rev. Alfred Blake, D. D Gambler, Ohio. 

*Rev. Thomas B. Fairchild Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. 

Rev. John 'Selwood Milwaukie, Oregon. 

1838 
*Rev. James Bonnar Davidsonville, Md. 

Rev. John Foster Athens, Tenn. 

*Rev. Richard Gray Cincinnati, Ohio. 

*Rev. Charles C. Townsend Iowa City, Iowa. 

1839 
Rev. George B. Sturges Fernandina, b la. 

*Rev. John Ufford, D. D Delaware, Ohio. 

*Rev. John A. Wilson, D. D Ypsilanti, Mich. 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 405 



1840 

*Rev. Stephen G. Gassaway, A. M St. Louis, Mo. 

*Rev. John Henshaw, A. M Erooklin, Miss. 

*Mr. John J. O'Kill Bainbridge, N. Y. 

*Rev. John Sandels, A. M Fort Smith, Arlc. 

*Rev. David W. Tolford Cresco, Iowa. 

1841 

*Rev. W. W. Arnett, D. 1) Milwaukee, Wis. 

*Rev. Robert S. Elder Jonesville, Micii. 

*Rev. Richard S. Killin, A. M Baltimore, Md. 

*Rev. Josepli S. Large, A. M Ionia, Mich. 

1842 

*Rev. William Fagg, A. B La Grange, Tenn. 

Rev. Moses H. Hunter La Plata, Md. 

Mr. Henry L. Richards, A. M Boston, Mass. 

1843 
Rev. Levi L. Holden Williamsburg, Kan. 

Rev. Albert T. McMurphy West Vincent, Pa. 

1845 
Rev. Joash Rice Taylor, A. M New York, N. Y". 

1846 

Rev. Charles Arey, D. D Boston, Mass. 

*Rev. William Clotworthy Albion, 111. 

Rev. John W. Cracraft, A. M Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. 

Rev. George W. DuBois, D. D Keene Valley, N. Y. 

*Rev. Charles F. Lewis, A. M Wakeman, Oliio. 

Rev. William Miller Prairie Merouge, La. 

Rev. Oliver Taylor Orange Park, Fla. 

*Rev. George Thompson, A. B Manitouwoc, Wis. 

1847 
*Rev. Rodolphus K. Nash, A. B Newark, Ohio. 

1848 
*Rev. Andrew D. Benedict, A. B Racine, Wis. 

*Rev. Hiram N. Bishop, D. D Chicago, 111. 

Rev. Thomas 8. Goodwin, A. M 

*Rev. Elijah W. Hagar, U. S. N., A. M AVashington, D. C. 

*Rev. Rodney S. Nasii Lexington, Mo. 

*Rev. John Cotton Smith, D. D New York, N. Y. 



406 KENYON COLLEGE. 



1849 

*Rev. Edward H. Gumming, A. M Springfield, Ohio. 

*E,ev. George Johnson Gambler, Ohio. 

1850 

*Rev. Benjamin Austin Amesburj^, Mass. 

Rev. John Boyd, D. D Marietta, Ohio. 

*Rev. Erastus A. "Strong, A. M Gambler, Ohio. 

1852 

Rev. Columbus S. Doolittell, A. M Mansfield, Ohio. 

*Rev. Mark R. Jukes Maumee, Ohio. 

*Davld C. Maybin 

Rev. James G. Pattlson, M. D England. 

*Rev. Daniel Risser, A. M Ashland, Ohio. 

1853 

Rev. Edward G. Benson, A. M Gambler, Ohio. 

*Rev. Thomas Gorlett, A. M Cleveland, Ohio. 

Rev. Francis Granger, A. M Buffalo, N. Y. 

Rev. Joseph E. Ryan Des Moines, Iowa. 

*Rev. Noah Hunt Schenck, D. D Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Rev. James Trimble, A. M Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 

1854 

Mr. Peter Neff', A. M Cleveland, Ohio. 

*Rev. Nicholas G. Prldham Baltimore, Md. 

1855 

Rev. John Hochuly, A. B Fairfield, Iowa. 

*Rev. Henry H. Morrell, D.. D Knoxvllle, Tenn. 

1856 

*Rev. John P^ Gurran Milan, Ohio. 

*Lleut. Charles W. Fearns, A. M Circlevllle, Ohio. 

Rev. Moses Hamilton, A. M Bellevue, Ohio. 

Mr. Peter H. Jeffreys . Newport, Ky. 

Rev. Warren H. Roberts Northford, Conn. 

1857 

Rev. John H. G. Bonte, D. D Berkeley, Gal. 

Rev. Charles George Currie, D. D Philadelphia, Pa. 

*Rev. William Fulton, D. D Salisbury, Md. 

Rev. Benjamin T. Noakes, D. D Cleveland, Ohio. 



KENYON COLLEGE. 407 



1858 

Rev. Cornelius S. Abbott Belleville, N. J. 

Rev. Henry H. Messenger, A. M Beaumont, Texas. 

1859 
*Rev. William J. Alston New Yoriv, N. Y. 

Rev. Richard L. Ganter, D. D Akron, Ohio. 

Rev. William 0. Gray, D. D Nashville, Tenn. 

*Rev. John W. Griffin, A. M Amherst, Va. 

Rev. Richard Holden Brazil. 

*Rev. John W. McGarty, A. B Cincinnati, Ohio. 

1860 

Rev. Frederick M. Gray, A. M Albany, N. Y. 

Rev. Salmon R. Weldon 

1861 

Rev. John Creighton Cartwright, Canada. 

Rev. Wyllys Hall, D. D Marquette, Mich. 

Rev. John F. Ohl, D. D Pomeroy, Ohio. 

Hon. William K. Rodgers, A. M Duluth, Minn. 

Rev. Samuel S. Spear Fall River, Mass. 

Rev. William Thompson, A. M Pittsburgli, Pa. 

1862 
*Rev. Henry M. Blackaller, A. M Pomeroy, Ohio. 

Rev. AVilliam Bower. A. M Delaware, Ohio. 

Kev. Richard S. Cooper Invermay, Canada. 

Rev. William H. Dyer, A. M Los Angeles, Cal. 

Rev. John Ireland Eckley, Pa. 

Rev. George H. Jencks, M. D San Francisco, Cal. 

Rev. Henry D. Lathrop, D. D East Oakland, Cal. 

Rev. James Hervey Lee, A. M Manhattan, Kan. 

*Rev. Henry A. Lewis, A. M Dresden, Ohio. 

Rev. Edward Softley Delhi, Canada. 

Rev. Albin E. Tortat, M. D Wissahickon, Pa. 

Rev. William Turner Chicago, 111. 

*Rev. Charles H. Young, A. M Worthington, Ohio. 

1863 

Rev. John G. Ames, A. M Washington, D. C. 

*Rev. Charles N. Chevrier, A. M Swedesboro, N. J. 

Rev. Herman L. Duhring Philadelphia, Pa. 



408 KEN YON COLLEGE. 



*Kev. Charles E. Mcllvaine, A. M Towanda, Pa. 

Rev. William C. Mills San Francisco, Cal. 

Rev. William H. Nelson, Jr., D. D Far Rockaway, N. Y. 

*Rev. E. Owen Simpson, A. M Philadelphia, Pa. 

1864 

Rev. John A. Aspinvvall Washington, D. C. 

Rev. AVilliam B. Bodine, D. D Gambler, Ohio. 

Rev. Abbott Brown, A. M New York, N. Y. 

Rev. Thomas Burrows Kennett Square, Pa. 

Mr. Chester I. Chapin 

Rev. Joshua Cowpland, A. M. . .' Media, Pa. 

Rev. Josiah F. Curtis New Madrid, Mo. 

*Rev. Matthew M. Gilbert, A. M Wellsville, Ohio. 

Rev. Benjamin Hartley Earned, Kan. 

Rev. William A. Holbrook Easthampton, Mass. 

Rt. Rev. J. M. Kendrick, D. D Albuquerque, N. M. 

Rev. Charles E. Murray, A. M Wilmington, Del. 

Rev. John F. Woods Moundsville, W. Va. 

1865 
Rev. John A. Dooris, A. B Newton, Kan. 

*Rev. William Dymond . New York, N. Y. 

Mr. Edward Hubbell 

Rev. William R. Powell, A. B The Cove, Oregon. 

Mr. William M. Ross Princeton, Ky. 

Rev. William R. AVoodbridge, A. M Port Henry, N. Y. 

1866 

Rev. Samuel H. Boyer, A: M Philadelphia, Pa. 

' Rev. David H. Greer, D. D New York, N. Y. 

Rev. William M. Postlethwaite. D. D West Point, N. Y. 

1867 

Rev. Henry -L. Badger. A. M Portsmouth, Ohio. 

Rev. Alfred F. Blake, A. M .. Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Rev. Carlos E. Butler, A. B Cambridge, Ohio. 

Rev. William Hyde, A. M Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Rev. Joseph S. Jenckes, LL. D Indianapolis, Ind. 

Rev. William S. Langford. D. D New York, N. Y. 

1868 
Rev. Royal B. Balcom, A. M . . . . Jackson, Mich. 

Rev. George Bosley, A. B Alliance, Ohio. 

Mr. John Godfrey Jones 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 409 



1869 
*Rev. James T. Franklin Erie, Pa. 

Rev. Wilfrid H. Dean .*■ North Guilford, Conn. 

Rev. William J. Pefrie Chicago, 111. 

*Rev. Charles A. Rand Haverhill, Mass. 

1870 
Rev. Hosea W. Jones, D. D Mt. Vernon, Ohio. 

Rev. William Lucas Reno, Nevada. 

*Rev. Wallace M. Probasco Massillon, Ohio. 

1871 
Rev. John Hugh Ely College Hill. Oiiio. 

Rev. Stephen W. Garrett Canon City, Col. 

Rev. Edward D. Irvine, A. M Hastings, Mich. 

Rev. Augustus R. Kieffer, A. M Colorado Springs, Col. 

Mr. Robert A. McElhinney 

Rev. Albert B. Nicholas, A. M New Albany. Ind. 

1872 

Rev. Charles (4. Adams, A. M Southport, Conn. 

Rev. Henry J. Camp, A. M De Luz, Cal. 

Rev. David W. Cox, A. M Oakley, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Rev. Joseph E. Julian, A. B Leesburg, Fla. 

Rev. Albert B. Putnam, A. M Cleveland, Ohio. 

Rev. Charles M. Sturges, A. M '. Fernandina, ¥\r. 

1873 
Rev. Cyrus S. Bates, 1). D Cleveland, Ohio. 

Mr. Edson B. Cartmill, A. B Lancaster, Ohio. 

1878 
Rev. Norman N. Badger, A. B Crafton, Pa. 

1882 
Rev. Lewis Brown Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Rev. James Henry Davet Zellwood. Fla. 

Rev. Clarence Croft Leman Qiiincy, 111. 

1883 
Rev. Henry D. Aves, Ph. B Cleveland, Ohio. 

Rev. George B. Van Waters Greensburg, Pa. 

*Rev. S. W. Welton Toledo, Ohio. 

1886 
Rev. Arthur B. Howard Cincinnati, Ohio. 

1887 
Rev. Asahel A. Bresee, A. B Wooster, Ohio. 



410 



KEN YON COLLEGE. 



f^onorary Degrees 



DOCTOR OF LAWS 



1837. Hon. Ebenezer Lane. 

1839. Horace Webster. 

1843. Joseph G. Swift. 

1846. Col. Sylvanus Thayer. 

1849. George P. Williams. 

1849. Prof.lEdward C. Ross. 

1851. Hon. Robert 0. Winthrop. 

1851. Hon. C. G. Memminger. 

1852. Richard H. Coxe, Esq. 
1854. Hon. Joseph R. Swan. 
1854. Prof. A. T. Bledsoe. 
1857. Prof. James P. Holcombe. 

1857. Hon. Bellamy Storer. 

1858. Hon. William Jay. 

1863. John Augustus Nichols. 

1864. William Starling Sullivant. 

1865. Rev. Francis Wharton. D. D. 



1866. Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, 

1867. Prof. Nathan P. Seymour. 

1868. Rt. Rev. Arthur C. Coxe, D.D. 
1868. Hon. Rutherford B. Hayes. 
1868. Prof. Charles Short. 

1872. Rev. Joseph Haven, D. D. 

1874. Hon. Morrison Remick Waite. 

1877. Hon. John W. Andrews. 

1877. Hon. Stanley Matthews. 

1877. Hon. Rufus King. 

1880. Hon. Columbus belano. 

1881. Hon. John Sherman. 
1881. Hon. George H. Pendleton. 
1881. Hon. Henry B. Curtis. 
1885. Rev. S. A. Bronson, D. D. 
1889. William J. Scott, M. D. 
1889. Hon. George T. Chapman. 



DOCTOR OF DIVINITY 



1834. Rt. Rev. Alonzo Potter. 

1834. Rev. John J. Robertson. 

1837. Rev. Benj. P. Aydelott, M. D. 

1837. Rev. John L. Stone. 

1838. Rev. John A. Vaughan., 
1838. Rev. Edward C. McGuire. 
1840. Rev. John A. Clark. 

1840. Rev. James May. 

1841. Rt. Rev. Alfred Lee. 

1842. Rev. Samuel Fuller. 

1843. Rev. John T. Brooke. 
1847. Rev. Joseph Packard. 
1847. Rev. Clement M. Butler. 
1849. Rev. Robert B. Claxton. 
1849. Rev. Joseph Muenscher. 
1851. Rev. Richard Newton. 
1853. Rev. Erastus Burr. 

1853. Rev. William A. Smallwood. 

1853. Rev. Charles W. Andrews. 



1857. Rev. Chauncey W. Fitch. 

1857. Rev. Intrepid Morse. 

1857. Rev. William R. Nicholson. 

1857. Rev. William N. Pendleton. 

1859. Rev. Lott Jones. 

1859. Rev. E. W. Peet. 

1860. Rt. Rev. Alexander Gregg. 
1860. Rev. Kingston Goddard. 
1860. Rev. William Preston. 
1860. Rev. John Melville Marline. 
1866. Rev. John Boyd. 

1866. Rev. S. D. Denison. 

1866. Rev. J'rancis Wharton. 

1867. Rev. Daniel S. Miller. 
1867. Rev. Francis M. Whittle. 

1867. Rev. William Wickes. 

1868. Rev. Lewis Burton. 
1868. Rev. James McElroy. 
1868. Rev. John Uttbrd. 



KENYON COLLE(iE. 



411 



1868. Rev. Ozi W. Whittaker. 

1869. Rev. R. B. Duane. 
1869. Rev. E. B. Kelloiiii. 
1869. Rev. A. Shiras. 

1869. Rev. Henry R. Tullidge. 

1870. Rev. Henry D. Lathrop. 
1870. Rev. Edmund T. Perkins. 

1870. Rev. Samuel Wainwright. 

1871. Rev. S. McLean. 

1871. Rev. S. I. J. Schereschewsky. 

1872. Rt. Rev. John (^ottliel) Auer. 
1872. Rt. Rev. Wm. Hobart Hare. 
1874. Rev.Wm. Chauncey Langdon. 
1874. Rev. Alfred Blake. 

1874. Rev. James Moore. 

1875. Rev. William C. French. 

1876. Rev. Henry F. Darnell. 
1876. Rev. Fleming James. 
1876. Rev. Henry Purdon. 
1876. Rev. Edward W. Syle. 

1876. Rev. Thomas S. Yocom. 

1877. Rt. Rev. C. Clifton Penick. 

1877. Rev. Henry H. Morrell. 

1878. Rt. Rev. Geo. W. Peterkin. 
1878. Rev. A. V. G. Allen. 
1878. Rev. Thomas B. Wells. 
1878. Rev. John A. Wilson. 



1879. Rev. William H. Meade. 

1879. Rev. John F. Ohl. 

1879. Rev. N. S. Rulison. 

1880. Rev. Reese F. Alsop. 
1880. Rev. Samuel Clements. 

1880. Rev. Wyllys Hall. 

1881. Rev. William P. Orrick. 
1881. Rev. David H. Greer. 
1881. Rev. William C. Gray. 

1881. Rev. J. H. C. Bonte. 

1882. Rev. Richard L. Ganter. 
1882. Rev. William S. Langford. 

1882. Rev. Edmund Rowland. 

1883. Rev. Ovid A. Kinsolving. 

1883. Rev. W. N. McVickar. 

1884. Rev. I. N. Stanger. 
1884. Rev. Hosea W. Jones. 

1884. Rev. William M. Pettis. 
188.5. Rev. William H. Neilson, Jr. 
188.5. Rev. Peter Tinsley. 

1885. Rev. Edward A. Bradley. 

1886. Rev. Charles H. Babcock. 

1886. Rev. Benjamin T. Noakes. 

1887. Rt. Rev. Elisha S. Thomas. 

1888. Rev. William F. Nichols. 
1888. Rev. Boyd Vincent. 



DOCTOR OF CANON LAW 
Rev. J. S. Shipman, D. D. 

DOCTOR OF LITERATURE 
Rev. George Augustus Strong. 





MASTER 


OF ARTS 


1829. 


Rev. James McElroy. 




1842. 


1833. 


Rev. Tobias H. Mitchell, M. 


D. 


1843. 


1833. 


Marcus T. C. Wing. 




1844. 


1834. 


Rev. Richard H. Phillips. 




1844. 


1836. 


Rev. Heman Dyer. 




1845. 


1839. 


Rev. John M. Stevenson. 




1846. 


1840. 


Rev. Gregory T. Bedell. 




1846. 


1840. 


Rev. D. Hillhouse Buel. 




1849. 


1840. 


Prof. Robert P. Smith. 




1849. 



Rev. Joseph S. Large. 
Rev. Edward H. Gumming. 
Rev. William H. Lewis. 
Rev. Edward Lounsberry. 
Ira Warren. 
Lorin Andrews. 
Rev. J. B. Kerfoot. 
Thomas Bonsall. 
Rev. J. B. Britten. 



412 



KENYON COLLEGE. 



1849. Rev. Edwin A. Dalrymple. 

1849. Rev. George Johnson. 

1849. Rev. J. Morsell. 

1849. Rev. James A. Woodward. 

1850. Rev. E. A. Strong. 

1851. E. H. Davis, M. D. 
1851. Jacob J. Greene. 

1851. Thomas W. Perry, M. D. 

1851. Rev. John Trimble. 

1852. Rev. W. H. Moore. 

1853. Rev. J. W. Cracraft. 

1853. Rev. E. B. Tiittle. 

1854. William Mitchel. 

1854. Richard H. Salter, M. D. 

1856. Rev. J. A. Russell. 

1856. Rev. J. M. Waite. 

1857. John S. Brasee. 
1857. William Grauert. 
1857. John Hancock. 

1857. Joseph H. Mcllvaine. 

1858. Rev. J. H. C. Bonte. 
1858. Rev. John Burns. 
1858. Thomas W. Harvey. 
1858. Rev. D. S. Miller. " 
1869. Rev. B. T. Noakes. 



1859. Rev. W. B. Rally. 

1860. Rev. J. W. Griffin. 

1860. S. F. Newman. 

1861. Charles Messner. 
1861. John Augustus Nichols. 

1865. Rev. John Gottlieb Auer. 

1866. Charles A. White. 

1867. Charles T. Kellogg. 

1869. Alphonso D. Rockwell, M. D. 

1870. Rev. Wm. Yalden Thomson. 
1870. Rev. J. Philip DuMoulin. 

1870. Rev. Alexander Crummell. 

1871. Ralph Keeler. 

1871. A. M. Vandyke. 

1872. Rev. W^illiam Daunt. 
1872. C. A. Sippi, M. D. 
1876. John N. Lewis. 

1876. Rev. C. G. Williamson. 

1878. Rev. Cyrus S. Bates. 

1878. Joseph P. Ross, M. D. 

1879. Rev. Thomas Valdespino. 
1881. G. E. Farrington. 

1881. Rev. Stewart Means. 

1883. Hon. S. S. Early. 

1889. Rev. Ephraim Watt. 



BACHELOR OF ARTS 



1839. Rev. Sabin Hough. 

1843. Rev. John Carpenter Smith. 



1868. Richard Alsop Pomeroy. 



3477 

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